between a prince of a sovereign house and a wife of inferior condition. The children do not succeed to the father's dignities, and have no claim upon any part of his property beyond what, to use an English phrase, was put in settlement at the time of the marriage. The property settled on the marriage was anciently called morgengabe, and from this word-or, as Heineccius supposes, from morgengnade-was formed the Low Latin morganatic, and a marriage contracted on these terms was styled matrimonium ad legem morganaticam. The nature of such a marriage is clearly and succinctly set forth by Heineccius, Elementa Juris Germanici, lib. i. § 311: "Natura ac indoles earum [nuptiarum] consistit in pacto morganatico, quo, acceptis certis prædiis, vel promissâ certâ pecuniæ summâ, tum uxor, tum liberi inde nati, et dignitatis paternæ et succedendi juris exsortes sunt." MELETES. - LONDON SMOKE, ETC. (3rd S. v. 258.) — A reflection from the numerous iron works in the district adjacent to Dudley, popularly called the Black Country, is distinctly visible at night from my residence in Worcestershire, twenty miles distant, exhibiting a brilliant illumination of the sky in that direction. Some years past, on ascending the Brown Clee Hill, the highest elevation in Shropshire, I observed the larch plantations near the summit covered with a smoky deposit, similar to the trees in the London parks. This is said to arise from the smoke of the iron district above men tioned being carried by elevated currents of air, until deposited on this lofty isolated hill, the first high eminence to the westward, and at least fourteen miles distant. Has such a phenomenon of distant smoke been observed elsewhere? THOS. E. WINNINGTON. RELIABLE (3rd S. v. 266.) I have a word to say on behalf of "reliable," and am encouraged to say it now by observing, that the last objector to the term who appears in "N. & Q." has had the kindness to state his objection in clear terms. We may say "justifiable" from "to justify;" but we cannot say "dependable" from "to depend on," because of the "on." "Reliable," from "to rely on," is equally faulty. I would submit, however, that "reliable" rests on much the same footing as "liable;" both must stand or fall together. Liable is from the French lier; reliable is from the French relier. First, from lier, to bind, comes liable, properly meaning "that may be bound:" hence, one that is answerable; one that is actually obliged, in law or equity, with other meanings. Secondly, from relier (also in the sense of to bind, as relier un livre, to bind a book,) comes "reliable," properly "that may be bound," and hence "trustworthy." 66 So when the question is about liberating a prisoner on bail, the bail, if good and sufficient, is reliable," and may be taken; i. e. the person offering himself as surety may be bound for the prisoner's appearance in court, and the prisoner may be released from custody. In a more extended meaning, any person or any thing on which dependance can be placed, may be called "reliable." It may be freely granted, that if "reliable had no better source than the verb "to rely upon," the etymology would be vicious, as shown by your correspondent. But this, I would humbly submit, is not the whole of the story. As "liable" from lier, so "reliable" from relier. SCHIN. MEDIEVAL CHURCHES IN ROMAN CAMPS (3rd S. v. 173.) Some years ago, at Chester-le-Street, in Durham, I was present at some excavations where inscriptions proved that the second legion of the Tungrians had once been quartered there. Inquiring where was the supposed site of the station, North Road, and containing within it not only I was shown an oblong site, parallel to the Great the parish church and churchyard, but (unless my Considering whether this fact worked for or against memory fails me) also the rectory and gardens. the traditionary locality, I concluded these in its favour; reasoning thus, that when the last Roman soldier left it, the neighbours remaining would not by arrangement, and therefore it would remain permit it to go into any private appropriation unless voted for all public purposes, and especially for common to them all, and a very likely site to be dethose of worship, on the introduction of Christianity. Viewed thus, I think that where tradition places the site of a station around a church or any other public institution, such tradition has the probabilities in its favour. R. N. SIR JOHN MOORE's Monument (3rd S. v. 269.)Your correspondent DAVID GAM is not perhaps aware, that the inscription on the monument of Sir John Moore, at Coruña, is in Latin, and runs thus: "Hic cecidit Joannes Moore: Mr. The epitaph as given by Borrow, is not, there fore, quite correct. Indeed, his well-known work, The Bible in Spain, is not to be depended upon; it is full of inaccuracies and misstatements. Ford, in his Handbook of Spain (Part II. p. 597, London, 1855), gives a short history of the monument. It appears that the tomb was restored and enclosed, in 1824, by our Consul Mr. Bartlett; by the order, and at the expense of the English government. In the year 1839, General Mazaredo, who had lived some time in England, raised a subscription amongst his English friends, cleansed the tomb, and planted about two acres of ground as a public walk, or Alameda. It was not Soult, or the "chivalrous French" who raised the monument, but the English government. Soult, however, added the inscription; which seems to have given some offence to the Spaniards. The inscription was originally cut on a rock, adjoining the spot where the gallant General fell. J. DALTON. Norwich. POETICAL QUOTATION (314 S. ii. 9.) — The passage beginning, "As when they went for Palestine" is from "The Aristocracy of France," in a volume of Historic Fancies, by Hon. Geo. Sydney Smythe, M.P. London, 1844. W. S. APPLETON. FAMILY OF NICHOLAS BAYLEY (3rd S. iv. 351.) Some account of the descendants of Nicholas Bayley may be found in Burke's History of the Landed Gentry, edition of 1853, under the family of the name; also in any genealogical account of the Paget family, as in the Supplement to Collins's Peerage. Concerning his ancestors, I believe nothing more is known than can be read in the Athena Oxonienses. The statement inserted by Dr. Bliss that Nicholas Bayley was the bishop's younger son is probably wrong, and is entirely at variance with the words of Ant. A'Wood himself; every other authority with which I am familiar, makes him to be the eldest son and heir. I will add here a fact which seems not to have been known to any biographer of the bishop, that his second wife was Judith, daughter of Thomas Appleton of Holbrook Hall, in Little Waldingfield, Suffolk, and sister of Samuel Appleton, who emigrated to New England in 1635. She was the mother of the bishop's younger sons Theodore and Thomas. Her son Thomas carelessly calls her a knight's daughter, whereas it was her oldest brother Isaac, who received that honour in 1603. W. S. APPLETON. | ermine, to distinguish his coat from his brother Lionel. The arms of Richard, Earl of Cambridge, and Anne Mortimer his wife, were in the cloister window of Fotheringhay: quarterly France and England, a label of 3 points argent, each charged with as many torteaux, impaling Mortimer and Burgh. I cannot discover any distinctive coat of Richard, Duke of York, his son. George, Duke of Clarence bore a distinctive label of 3 points argent, charged with a canton gules. His daughter, Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, bore the same arms, together with those of Salisbury, Beauchamp, and Warwick. THOS. E. WINNINGTON. ANONYMOUS CONTRIBUTIONS TO "N. & Q.” (3rd S. v. 307.)- As others are giving their opinions, perhaps one who has been a contributor from the second volume of the First Series may be allowed a few lines. I concur with all that PROFESSOR DE MORGAN says, except that the editor should never print anything without being in private possession of the writer's name." Had that been the rule, I should never have begun to contribute. Many apparently trifling queries have led to good correspondence, though probably the querists would have thought them too trifling for enclosing their cards. An anonymous statement of facts, I presume, is always rejected. In quoting from books it is desirable that the chapter, page, and edition should be given; and I have often delayed what seemed to me a satisfactory communication, because I would not quote at second-hand what I might expect to do at first. If a verification is made at the British Museum, the book ticket is a good voucher. "N. & Q." has grown too big for lodgings, and is obliged to have a house. With such evidence of thriving, I should think a long time before advising any change. H. B. C. PAUL BOWES (1st S. vii. 547; 3rd S. v. 247.) — His son Martin, born in London, was admitted a pensioner of St. John's College, Cambridge, April 16, 1686, æt. sixteen, but took no degree. C. H. & THOMPSON COOPER. "CENTURY OF INVENTIONS" (3rd S. v. 155.) — Watt, in his Bibliotheca Britannica, mentions only the London edition of 1663. I possess another of 1767, printed by Foulis, Glasgow, in the beautiful type of that press, but have no knowledge of any others. THOS. E. WINNINGTON. ANTHONY HAMMOND. 2nd S. xi. 431, 493; xii. 33, 56, contains references to the "silver-tongued Hammond," in the early part of the last century M.P. for Huntingdon, and Commissioner of the Navy. A common-place book of his, with several be preserved in the Rawlinson MSS. in the Bodother note-books in his handwriting, is stated to leian Library. He is said to have been a poet. [ H. B. C. is right. We share his hesitation.-ED.] Being interested in the period, 1700-30, I should be glad to obtain any particulars of any such I have evidence that he was a pamphleteer, poems. and a book collector, in a thick octavo volume of Tracts, dated from 1710 to 1725. To this volume he has written a table of contents, occupying_two pages, and has also annotated the margins. No. 5 is," Some Remarks and Observations relating to the Transactions of the Year 1720" (pp. 27), London, 1724. In the contents Mr. Hammond has written, "Bubble year, 1720. Stole from No. (9)." Behind the title, "27 March, 1725. Ant. Hammond." I do not stop to quote his marginal notes, which are chiefly verbal, but turn to No. 9, in the same volume, "A Modest Apology occasioned by the late unhappy Turn of Affairs with Relation to Public Credit. By a Gentleman. Infelicis Domus unicus cliens." (pp. 29). London, 1721. In the contents, after the word "Credit," he has written "p. A. H. Vid. the plagiarism, No. (5)." On the the title, after the word "Gentleman," is written, "p. A. H." Behind the title, "24 June, 1725. Ant. Hammond." The tract is a clear, concise, and moderate retrospect of the preceding year, in which (besides those covered by acts of parliament), Mr. Hammond says he had made a list of one hundred and seven bubbles, with a nominal stock of 93,600,000Z., involving a loss of 14,040,000/. No. 2 in the volume is entitled " Advice and Con siderations for the Electors of Great Britain (pp. 32). London, 1722. At the back of the title Mr. Hammond has written, "This pamphlet was writ by Will. Wood, Esq. It contains many useful calculations relating to the public debts, revenues, and trade. 26 Mar. 1725. Ant. Hammond." I ought to add that a considerable part of Tract No. 5 in the volume, is clearly stolen from that written by Mr. Hammond, No. 9. W. LEE. THE PASSING BELL OF ST. SEPULCHRE'S (3rd S. v. 170.)—In the letter quoted by your correspondent, T. B., it is stated, "that the parish of St. Sepulchre should appoint some one to go to Newgate on the night previous to the execution," &c. From the following extract from Stowe's London, 1618, p. 25, it would appear that the exhortation to repentance ought to be repeated by a clergy man: "Robert Done, citizen and merchant taylor, of London, gave to the parish church of St. Sepulchre's the somme of £50. That after the several sessions of London, when the prisoners remain in the gaole, as condemned men to death, expecting execution on the morrow following, the clarke (that is, the parson) of the church shoold come in the night time, and likewise early in the morning, to the window of the prison where they lye, and there ringing certain toles with a hand bell appointed for the purpose, he doth afterwards (in most Christian manner) put them in mind of their present condition, and ensuing execution, desiring them to be prepared therefore as they ought to be. When they are in the cart, and brought before the wall of the church, there he standeth ready with the same bell, and, after certain toles, rehearseth an pray for them. The beadle also of Merchant Taylors' appointed praier, desiring all the people then present to Hall hath an honest stipend allowed to see that this is duely done." W. I. S. HORTON. DANISH RIGHT OF SUCCESSION (3rd S. v. 134.) G. E. is in error in supposing that in the play of Hamlet the Danish right of succession is never adverted to. Like other crowns in early days, the crown of Denmark was (within certain limits) elective; and Hamlet expressly complains of his uncle having "popped in between the election and his hopes." For further observations on the subject, G. E. is referred to two notes; the one by Steevens, the other by Blackstone, in Reed's edition of Shakspeare, 1793, vol. xv. p. 33. P. S. C. 666 QUOTATION (3rd S. v. 174.)-R. C. H. is informed that the lines he alludes to as being quoted by the late Lord Campbell, and commencing 'Her did you freely from your soul forgive?' 'Sure as I hope before my Judge to live,'" &c., are by the Rev. G. Crabbe, and are to be found in his Tales of the Hall, from the one, I believe, entitled "Sir Owen Dale." R. D. S. PATRICIAN FAMILIES OF BRUSSELS (3rd S. v. 174.) The lignages, or patrician families of Brussels, 2. S' Weerts-geslachte: Race of the Host (hospitis). Emanché, argent and gules. of Hugh; called also Clutings. Az. three fleur3. SHughe Kints-geslachte: Race of the sons de-lys arg. (2 and 1). 4. Ser Roelofs-geslachte: Race of Sire Rodolf. Gules, nine billets or (4, 3, 2). 5. Die van Condenberg: They of the Condenberg. Gules, three towers argent; doors azure. 6. Die uten-Steenweghe: They of the road. Gules, five scallop shells argent (1, 3, 1). 7. Die van Rodenbeke: They of the red stream. Argent, a band ondée, gules. This list is from Henne and Waters Histoire de Bruxelles. It need hardly be said that similar lignages ("wel-geboorne-geboortege lieden," "gode lieden," divites," "fortiores,") are found in most of the Belgian and German cities. K. 99 66 of a young man, so I made no inquiry as to her character or habits. Probably she had eccentricities, but no doubt much was engrafted on the character that did not belong to the original. The author of the pantomime might draw from German or French sources, but as to that I know nothing. There must be natives of Oxford, still living, who could supply fuller information on this not very interesting subject, W. D. LONGEVITY OF CLERGYMEN (3rd S. v. 22, 44, 123.) The following is from Baines's History of Lancashire: : NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. The Life of Lawrence Sterne. By Percy Fitzgerald, M.A., M.R.I.A. With Illustrations from Drawings by the Author and Others. In Two Volumes. (Chapman & Hall.) Mr. Fitzgerald seems to have been led to his present task by a feeling that injustice had been done to Sterne in Thackeray's lecture upon him-that the revolting picture of "the mountebank" who "snivelled "" over the dead donkey at Nampont, and expended his " cheap dribble " upon an old cab " was grossly over-coloured and exaggerated. In the belief that if we knew more of Sterne we should hesitate at adopting this harsh judgment, Mr. Fitzgerald has applied himself with diligence to a study of his writings and an investigation into the incidents of his life. The story of that life may now be said to be told for the first time. Indeed it is really the first Life of Sterne that has been put before the world. Essays, sketches, and articles upon the subject abound, but no attempt has, up to this time, been made to trace bis strange career from the cradle to the grave. In the book before us we have abundance of new materials-letters hitherto unpublished, letters hitherto buried in obscure periodicals, extracts from registers, and minute books hitherto unsearched for, and contemporary illustrations hitherto unregarded, have been gathered together with considerable pains, and the result is what Mr. Fitzgerald is certainly justified in calling "one of the most curious biographical stories in English literature." One of the results of Mr. Fitzgerald's Life-which will be read with considerable interest- will certainly be to call renewed attention to the writings of Lawrence Sterne. 1 Manuel du Libraire et de l'Amateur de Livres, &c. Par Jacques-Charles Brunet. Cinquième Edition originale entièrement refondue et augmentée d'un tiers par l'Auteur. Tome Vme, 20 Partie. (Didot.) We congratulate all bibliographers and lovers of books on the completion of the first and largest portion of M. Brunet's invaluable work, namely, the Bibliographical Dictionary, in which the books are arranged in alphabetical order, and which occupies five volumes out of the six of which this enlarged edition of the Manuel is to consist. Two more Parts, which will consist of the Catalogue Raisonné, will complete a work invaluable to students of every branch of literature; and indispensable to all whose business, whether as scholars, librarians, or booksellers, is with books. Will M. Brunet and his publishers allow us to make one suggestion?-namely, that they should publish, in a separate and easily accessible form, the admirable series of woodcuts of printer's devices which are scattered through this new edition of Brunet. The Idle Word: Short Religious Essays upon the Gift of Speech, and its Employment in Conversation. By Ě. M. Goulburn, D.D. Second Edition, enlarged. (Rivingtons.) These Essays, containing the substance of several Sermons preached by Dr. Goulburn, on the important subject of "Idle Words," will be read with advantage by all. BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. Particulars of Price, &c., of the following Books to be sent direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are given for that purpose: REPORTS OF COMMISSIONERS FOR NATIONAL EDUCATION (IRELAND), from the 24th (A.D 1857), to 29th (A.D. 1862), inclusive; or any of them. Wanted by Rev. Aiken Irvine, Fivemiletown, Aughnacloy. THE WARWICKSHIRE MAGAZINE, for 1859; including the Visitation of that County. Wanted by Rev. C. J. Robinson, Great Berkhamstead, Herts. Any Books, Pamphlets, or Acts of Parliament, &c., about Tanning, or the Leather Trade. Wanted by Mr. Walter G. Fry, Cotham, Bristol. HINTS ON COTTAGE ARCHITECTURE, by Henry Weaver. Notices to Correspondents. SHAKSPEARE'S BIRTHDAY.-On Saturday next, the reputed anniversary of Shakspeare's birth, we shall publish some interesting Shakspearian articles. Among others, a Paper by Mr. Scharf on the Three principal Portraits of Shakspeare: one by Mr. Pinkerton on Shakspeare and Mary, Queen of Scots; Note on the Kesselstadt Mask; Shakspearian Criticism, &c. CHISEL will find much curious illustration of Sterne's celebrated passage "God tempers the wind," in the 1st vol. of First Series of N. & Q.' C. W. BENSON will find a suggested derivation of Rum in " N. & Q." 2nd S. v. 192. W. F. C. Some account of Lady Elizabeth Holford appeared in "N. & Q." 2nd S. iv. 316. SENESCENS will find eight articles in our First Series on the popular belief that a" Corpse passing, makes a right of way." OXONIENSIS will see that his query as to the meaning of the two words referred to would open up a correspondence, or controversy, unsuited to our pages. J. H. D. has neglected to send the date and size of the Bible. R. K. There is an endowed lecture founded by Mr. Thomas Fairchild, which is preached annually on Whit Tuesday at St. Leonard, Shoreditch, the subject" The Wonderful Works of God in Creation;" but the" Flower Sermon," noticed by our Correspondent, is delivered at St. James's, Aldgate, and was originated by the present excellent Rector. Vide" N. & Q." 3rd S. ii. 229. Sr. The concluding lines of the epitaph on Robin of Doncaster have done duty in many churchyards. They are doubtless an imitation of Martial, book v. epig. 42 [ep. 43, ed. Schrevel.] Vide "N. & Q." 1st S. v. 179, 452; viii. 30; xi. 47, 112. ERRATA 3rd S. v. p. 285, col. i. line 19 from bottom. for "clerks " read "Clerks;" p. 289, col. ii. line 25, for "Willmor" read "Will moor." ***Cases for binding the volumes of "N. & Q." may be had of the Publisher, and of all Booksellers and Newsmen. "NOTES AND QUERIES" is published at noon on Friday, and is also issued in MONTHLY PARTS. The Subscription for STAMPED COPIES for Six Months forwarded direct from the Publisher (including the Halfyearly INDEX) is 118. 4d., which may be paid by Post Office Order, payable at the Strand Post Office, in favour of WILLIAM G. SMITH, 32, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, W.C., to whom all CoMMUNICATIONS FOR THE EDITOR should be addressed. "NOTES & QUERIES" is registered for transmission abroad. LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 23, 1864. CONTENTS. -No. 121. NOTES:- On the Principal Portraits of Shakspeare, 333Shakspeare and Mary Queen of Scots, 338- A New Shakspeare Bond, 339 Shakspeariana: Jonson's Lines on Shakspeare's Portrait Robin Goodfellow and Puck Curious Fact in Criticism-American Shakspeare Emendation-Inventory of Shakspeare's Goods-Leading Apes in Hell, 340- The Descendants of Shakspeare's Sister Joan, 341- Something New on Shakspeare, 342 - The Kesselstadt Mask of Shakspeare, Ib.-Professor Archer Butler's Essay on Shakspeare, 343- De Vere, Earl of Oxford: Battle of Radcot Bridge-John Clotworthy, first Viscount Massareene Etymology and Meaning of the Name Moses-Buddhists in Britain, 344. QUERIES:- Alexander the Great's Grant to the Sclavonians-Audros, Sir Edmund-James Bolton - Burlesque Painters Coote, Lord Bellomont-Fellowships in Trinity College, Dublin - Hill, Middlesex and Worcestershire Hymn Queries Charles Lamb's Alice W-Monks and Friars- Neef-"The Nemo," &c.-"Revenons à nos Moutons," 345. ON THE PRINCIPAL PORTRAITS OF In offering a few notes at this season, on the personal representations of Shakspeare, I propose to limit my attention to the three best known and generally accepted types. These are (1) the Droeshout, (2) Stratford monument, and (3) Chandos portraits; which embody respectively engraving, sculpture, and oil painting. The two first, on account of the circumstances connected with them, and from the testimony afforded by contemporary evidence, possess a special claim to authenticity. The third is distinguished by having a longer history than any of the other painted portraits connected with the name of the poet; and is certainly, in itself, a genuine and fairly well-preserved picture of the commencement of the seventeenth century, painted probably before 1610. Its existence as a recognised portrait of Shakspeare can be readily traced back to a time when there was no popular demand for his works, or even such a general appreciation of his merit among the better educated as to make a counterfeit or misapplication of his name apparently worth any one's while. I do not desire to enter into controversy; but simply to record a few broad facts, and to note two or three points of comparison which these three portraits suggest. In the first rank I would place the engraving by Martin Droeshout, which is professedly a portrait of the great dramatist; and is placed on the very title-page of the first collected editions of his plays, between the actual words of the title and the names of the publishers: "London, printed by Isaac Iaggard and Ed. Blount, 1623." Upon the leaf, facing this title-page, are the well-known ten lines addressed to the reader by "B. I.,” vouching, on the part of the players who issued the volume, for the correctness of the likeness. The lines and "This figure that thou here see'st put, It was for gentle Shakespeare cut;" "O could he but have drawne his wit His face: the Print would then surpasse leave nothing to be desired either in point of strength, or directness of testimony. The exact date of the execution of this engraving remains a matter of uncertainty. All we know is, that it was the work of Martin Droeshout, probably a Dutchman; who, judging from the other portraits he engraved, must have resided some time in England. This portrait of Shakspeare bears the engraver's signature in full; but the only date on the page is that of 1623, marking the publication of the book seven years after Shakspeare's death. In the third folio edition, 1664, the lines are brought into still closer relation with the engraved portrait. Droeshout's plate was then removed from the title-page, to make way for the enumeration of the seven additional plays, and placed over the ten lines on the left-hand page; so as to face the title, like a modern frontispiece. By this time the copperplate had become very much worn, and the printing of it was conducted with much less care. When badly printed, an engraving of this kind degenerates into a mere caricature; but those who have seen impressions in a perfect state, especially that of the fine Grenville copy, now in the British Museum, will admit that it affords a very satisfactory indication of the individual appearance of the man. As the style of wearing the hair, and the smooth round cheeks, accord with the monumental bust, the engraving very probably represents him as he appeared towards the close of his life. His dress, far from indicating anything like the theatrical or character-costume, is simply that which was worn by the opulent and noble personages of the day: witness numerous portraits, especially of James I., Richard Sackville (third Earl of Dorset), and Sir Philip Sydney. The stiff flat collar which he wears round his neck, and which appears in many pictures of this period, was described in old catalogues as a "wired band." A general feeling |