house a pious old widow with her children, who brought her furniture and thus relieved him from the necessity of furnishing his home. From Hart's Sleeping-Place he went in every direction where Catholic settlers were to be found, and established new missions to the north and north-east. He resided on the farm about two years, during which time he devoted whatever leisure might fall to him from his missionary labors to the cultivation of his land and the improvement of his home.

Whilst engaged in his missionary labors, in the performance of which he constantly traveled from one eof the county to the other, either on foot or on horse-back, he gradually was impressed with the fact that Hart's Sleeping-Place was not the most desirable position from which to visit his many stations. It was not, he thought, the centre of the Catholic population. He consequently decided to make a new settlement farther south, at a place which he believed to be the centre of the Catholic population—a belief in which he was supported by many of the most prominent Catholics, and especially by Squire Bender, who was looked up to by all settlers as a paragon of wisdom. There were, however, some difficulties and some opposition to be overcome. In the first place he had purchased a farm at Hart's Sleeping-Place; and in the second, the settlers around Hart's Sleeping-Place objected to the establishment of a new church within a few miles of their own.

In 1840 however, Father Lemke had an opportunity to sell his farm at Hart's Sleeping-Place, and at the same time there was a tract of land for sale in the very neighborhood where he believed a new church ought to be built, and a town established. He sold his old farm to his former host at Ebensburg, Mr. John Ivory,* and immediately purchased the land which he had in view, which was called "the Drinker land," and was a tract of 400 acres. There was already a small patch of cleared land on the tract, and he at once set himself to work

*Father Lemke in his autobiography states that he sold his land at Hart's SleepingPlace to Mr. Ivory about the same time that he purchased the site for Carrolltown. The records however show that the actual transfer of title of the Hart's Sleeping-Place property to Mr. Ivory took place on Feb. 5th, 1844, whilst the purchase of the site for Carrolltown was made by Father Lemke on the 22d day of June, 1840.

to build a small house and a barn. He had practically no money to carry on these operations; but the old settlers for miles around, who had learned to regard him with tender affection, flocked to his assistance, and gave him in labor what they could not in money. By the volunteer services of his parishioners, of whom as many as thirty worked for him some times, on the same day, he was soon able to put up his buildings. He first built a house and then a chapel,* both of which are still standing.

He laid out part of his land in town lots, imitating closely in the running of the streets the town of Loretto which had been founded by Gallitzin. He proposed to name his new town Gallitzin in honor of his patron and friend Prince Gallitzin, but when the good old gentleman heard of the matter, he vigorously objected and suggested the name of Carrolltown in honor of the first Catholic Bishop of the United States. As Father Gallitzin would not yield, the place was called Carrolltown.

About this time Father Lemke, under the patronage and with the advice of Father Gallitzin, established three other missions in the north-east and north. He named the one in the north-east St. Augustine, and the two in the north, respectively, St. Lawrence † and St. Boniface. St. Augustine is almost in direct line north from Loretto, on the same ridge, and at a distance of about ten miles. A great many Catholic settlers had located there, and as the land around about was quite fertile they were fairly prosperous. Father Lemke encouraged the people to build themselves a church, which they did. Subsequently he himself bought some land there. Some years later a little town sprang up between Loretto and St. Augustine called Chest Springs, and as there was a fair number of Catholics in the neighborhood he visited them and induced them to build themselves a church. He now made his home at Carrolltown, and visited from there all his different

*St. Vincenz in Pennsylvanien, by Rev. Father Oswald Moosmüller, O. S. B. Father Oswald Moosmüller states, in St. Vincenz in Pennsylvanien, that Father Peter Lechner, O. S. B., built the church at St. Lawrence in 1849, and gave it its name.

missions at intervals of a month, or of such length of time as it was possible for him to make the rounds in.

During the latter part of February, 1840, Father Gallitzin became quite ill, and Father Lemke was sent for. The latter at the time was himself ill from a cut in the foot which he had given himself with an ax while chopping wood, and upon the first call did not go. As the message was repeated however and the call made urgent and Father Gallitzin had this time sent his sled, Father Lemke got up out of his own bed of illness and went to that of his friend. Dr. Aristide Rodrique, who was attending Father Gallitzin, gave it as his opinion that the illness would prove serious, so Father Lemke remained. Father Gallitzin died on the 6th of May. During his deathagony Father Lemke and Father Hayden, who had meanwhile also arrived, said the prayer for the dying, in the presence of many of Father Gallitzin's parishioners. Father Lemke took charge of the funeral, as Father Gallitzin had given him instructions about the place of burial and the ceremonies to be carried out at the obsequies. At the funeral Father Hayden preached in English and Father Lemke in German.

Upon Father Gallitzin's death, Father Lemke promptly announced the fact to the bishop and in reply to his message received orders to take charge of the Loretto congregation, and to make his residence at Loretto. Father Lemke was very loath to do this, as his own congregation at Carrolltown and his property there would have to be neglected and would fall into decay. The bishop, however, insisted; so he took up the work at Loretto, at the same time continuing his missionary labors at his other stations. For a time he was the only resident priest of Cambria County, and had to travel the whole length and breadth of the county to minister to the many Catholics and take care of the various missions. Emergency sick calls and the spiritual needs of Catholics without a priest sometimes even made necessary his going beyond the limits of the county in the performance of his duties.

Shortly after the death of Gallitzin, namely in 1841, the bishop sent Father Lemke an assistant in the person of Rev.