test of 1860; and after having involved the nation in a most. calamitous civil war, it is again making its appeals to the people for a restoration to power.

To strip from this party the guise under which it has perpetrated its evil deeds,, and is endeavoring to regain political ascendency, would be doing the country an invaluable service. And if this effort should aid any considerable number in investigating the claims of Modern Democracy, or remove the scales from the eyes of but a few of its blind devotees, the labor will not be regretted.

The present is a favorable time for the dissemination of political truth. The faith of many in the infallibility of parties is giving way; party attachments are relaxing; and many who have been deterred from investigation by the force of prejudice, are beginning to manifest a disposition for candid inquiry.

The original design of the writer was simply an exposure of the real character of the Democratic party, and its agency in the present Rebellion. But as it claims paternity in Thomas Jefferson, it was deemed proper to precede the main history by a sketch of the old Federal and Republican parties. And to render the work still more valuable, it has been made to present the leading measures of every administration under the present Constitution. This enlargement of the original plan was in a measure induced by the facility afforded for the performance of the additional labor, by the somewhat free use of the American Statesman, granted by its obliging publisher.

* A work which I will take occasion here gratuitously, and without solicitation, to commend to every American citizen who wishes to procure a complete and impartial political history of the United States, at the least possible cost.

The author has not intentionally done injustice to any party or individual. Nor has he condemned, indiscriminately, the acts of the Democratic party, or impugned the motives of the mass of its members, or even of a majority of its leaders; many of whom, doubtless, have supported its most impolitic measures in good faith. But that, on the whole, its rule has been disastrous to the country, he fully believes.

Nor has this work been written to gratify a vindictive feeling toward political opponents. It has been prompted solely by a sense of duty arising from the conviction, that the reestablishment of the Democratic party in power, would be a calamity second only to the success of the Rebellion.

CONTENTS,

PART FIRST.

HISTORY OF THE FEDERAL AND REPUBLICAN PARTIES.

CHAPTER I.

FROM THE FORMATION OF THE CONSTITUTION TO THE CLOSE OF WASHING-

TON'S ADMINISTRATION.

Origin of the First Parties, 13-17. The Confederation, 14, 15. History of the

Constitution, 15-18. Madison proposes a Tariff, 18. Executive Departments

organized. 19. Washington's Cabinet, 19. Judiciary established, 19. Provision

to pay the Public Debt, 19, 20. Whisky Insurrection, 20. Bank established,

21. Relations with France and Great Britain, 21-28. Proclamation of Neu-

trality, 22. Genet, the French Minister, at Charleston, 22; at Philadelphia,

23; recalled, 23. Jay's mission to England, 24; his instructions, 24. Brit-

ish orders, 22-24. The Jay Treaty, 25-27. Opposed in the House, 26. Op-

position to Washington, 29. Election of John Adams, 29.

CHAPTER II.

ADMINISTRATION OF JOHN ADAMS.

Inauguration of John Adams, 29. French troubles increase, 29, 30. Negotia-

tion attempted, 30, 31. Non-intercourse and War measures, 31. Washing-

ton to command the Army, 31. Alien and Sedition Laws, 31, 33. Virginia

and Kentucky Resolutions, 33-35. Dissension in the Federal Party, 35-37.

New Mission to France, 35-37. Treaty negotiated, 38; ratified, 39. Na-

turalization and Judiciary Acts altered, 39. Election of Jefferson, 39, 40.

Inauguration of Jefferson, 40. Adams' appointments reversed; Duties on

Stills, &c., repealed, 42. Purchase of Louisiana, 42, 43. Territory divided;

Power of Congress over Slavery, 43. "Gunboat System," 43, 44. Commer

cial troubles with Great Britain, 44-46. Imprisonment of Seamen, 44, 47.

British Orders in Council, and French Decrees, 44, 45. Embargo Act, 45.

Letters suppressed by Jefferson, 45. Embargo repealed by Non-intercourse

Act, 46.
French Decrees repealed, 46, 47. War declared against Great

Britain; opposed by Federalists, 47. British Orders Revoked, 47. Impress-

ment, 47, 48. Re-election of Madison over Clinton; Peace with Great

Britain, 48. New Bank chartered, 48-50. Tariff Act of 1816, 50-52. Mon-

rce elected; Federal Party disbanded, 52, 53. Presidential Nominations;

Caucus System unpopular, 53. End of Old Parties, 54.

PART SECOND.

CHAPTER I.

ADMINISTRATION OF JOHN QUINCY ADAMS.

Inauguration of Adams, 55. Alleged Coalition, 55, 56. Democratic Party

formed, 57. Opposition Measures, 57, 59. Panama Mission, 58-61. Con-

troversy with Georgia, 61-63. Removal of Publishers of Laws, 63.
"Coali-

tion" again, 63-65. Tariff of 1828, 65-67. Minimum explained, 65, 66.

Chilton's Retrenchment Resolutions, 67-69. Anti-Slavery Petition, 69.

Georgia and South Carolina protest against the Tariff, 69, 70. Election of
Gen. Jackson, 70. Remarks on the Election; Causes of Adams' Defeat,
70-72.

CHAPTER II.

ADMINISTRATION OF JACKSON-FIRST TERM.

Inauguration of Jackson; His Cabinet, 73. Jackson's political Principles, 73-

75. His Removals and Appointments, 75-77. His Attack upon the U. S.

Bank, 77. Reports on the Bank in Congress, 78. Internal Improvement

Vetoes, 78. Indian Policy, 78-81. The Creeks, 78, 79. Choctaws, 79.

Cherokees, 79-81. Imprisonment of Missionaries, 81. Nullification in Georgia

and South Carolina contrasted, 81. West India Trade, 81-84. McLane ap-

pointed Secretary of the Treasury, 84. Rejection of Van Buren as Minister

to England; New York politics vindicated by Marcy, 84-85. Nullification

-Hayne and Webster, 85, 86. Tariff of 1832, 86. Reduction proposed by

Verplanck and McDuffie, 86, 87. South Carolina nullifies; Jackson's Pro-

clamation, 87.
"Force Bill" passed, 87, 88. Virginia mediates; Clay's

Compromise Tariff, 88. South Carolina repeals her Nullification Ordinance,

89. Was Jackson a Nullifier? 89, 90. More Vetoes, 91. Clay's Land Bill

-vetoed, 91, 92. Bank applies to be re-chartered; Bill vetoed, 92, 93.

President censured, 93. Bank Investigation, 93-95. Jackson re-elected,
95, 96.

CHAPTER III.

ADMINISTRATION OF JACKSON-SECOND TERM.

Removal of the Deposits, 97-99. State of the Bank examined, 97-99. Reasons

for Removal. 98. Duane refuses, and is removed; Taney appointed; Bank

vindicated by the Directors, 99. Attempt to break the Bank; the Effects,

100, 101. Removal condemned; Clay's Resolutions, 101. Benton's Ex-

Funging Resolution, 102. Anti-Slavery Societies; opposed North and South,

103, 104. Anti-Slavery papers excluded from Mails; recommended by the