9 1 presidential elector, Member of the Senate, or Member of 2 the House of Representatives; the words State election' 3 shall mean any other general, special, or primary election 4 held solely or in part for the purpose of electing or selecting 5 any candidate for publie office; the words 'affected area' 6 shall mean that county, parish, or similar subdivision of the 7 State in which the laws of the State relating to voting are or have been administered by a person who is a defend 9 ant in the proceeding instituted under subsection (e) on 10 the date the original complaint is filed; and the words 11 'voting age persons' shall mean these persons who meet the 12 age requirements of State law for voting." 13 14 (d) Add the following subsection "(h)"; "(h) In any civil action brought in any district court 15 of the United States under this section or title II of the 16 Civil Rights Act of 1960 (42 U.S.C. 1974–740; 74 Stat. 17 88) wherein the United States or the Attorney General 18 is plaintiff, it shall be the duty of the chief judge of the 19 district for in his absence, the acting chief jr in which 20 the ease is pending immediately to designate a judge in such 21 district to hear and determine the ease. In the event that 22 no judge in the district is available to hear and determine 23 the ease, the chief judge of the district, or the acting chief 24 judge, as the case may be, shall eertify this fact to the chief 10 1 judge of the circuit for in his absence, the acting chief judge 2 who shall then designate a district or circuit judge of the 3 eircuit to hear and determine the ease. 4 "It shall be the duty of the judge designated pursuant 5 to this section to assign the case for hearing at the earliest 6 practicable date and to cause the ease to be in every way 7 expedited." 8 TITLE H INJUNCTIVE RELIEF AGAINST DIS 9 10 11 12 CRIMINATION IN PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS FINDINGS SEO. 201. (a) The American people have become in ereasingly mobile during the last generation, and millions of 13 American citizens travel each year from State to State by 14 rail, air, bus, automobile, and other means. A substantial 15 number of such travelers are members of minority racial and religious groups. These citizens, particularly Negroes, are subjected in many places to discrimination and segregation, and they are frequently unable to obtain the goods and serv ices available to other interstate travelers. (b) Negroes and members of other minority groups who travel interstate are frequently unable to obtain adequate lodging accommodations during their travels, with the result that they may be compelled to stay at hotels or motels of poor and inferior quality, travel great distances from their normal routes to find adequate accommodations, or make 11 1 detailed arrangements for lodging far in advance of scheduled 2 interstate travel. 3 (e) Negroes and members of other minority groups 4 who travel interstate are frequently unable to obtain food 5 service at convenient places along their routes, with the 6 result that many are dissuaded from traveling interstate, 7 while others must travel considerable distances from their in8 tended routes in order to obtain adequate food service. 9 (d) Goods, services, and persons in the amusement and 10 11 127 13 14 15 entertainment industries commonly move in interstate commerce, and the entire American people benefit from the inereased cultural and recreational opportunities afforded thereby. Practices of audience discrimination and segrega tion artificially restrict the number of persons to whom the interstate amusement and entertainment industries may offer 16 their goods and services. The burdens imposed on interstate commerce by such practices and the obstructions to the 17 free flow of commerce which result therefrom are serious and substantial. (e) Retail establishments in all States of the Union purchase a wide variety and a large volume of goods from business concerns located in other States and in foreign nations. Discriminatory practices in such establishments, which in some instances have led to the withholding of patronage by those affected by such practices, inhibit and 12 1 restrict the normal distribution of goods in the interstate 2 market. 3 (f) Fraternal, religious, scientific, and other organiza4 tions engaged in interstate operations are frequently dis5 suaded from holding conventions in cities which they would 6 otherwise select because the publie facilities in such eities 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 are either not open to all members of racial or religious minority groups or are available only on a segregated basis. (g) Business organizations are frequently hampered in obtaining the services of skilled workers and persons in the professions who are likely to encounter discrimination based on race, creed, color, or national origin in restaurants, retail stores, and places of amusement in the area where their services are needed. Business organizations which seek to avoid subjecting their employees to such discrimination and to avoid the strife resulting therefrom are restricted in the choice of location for their offices and plants. Such dis18 erimination thus reduces the mobility of the national labor force and prevents the most effective allocation of national resources, including the interstate movement of industries, particularly in some of the areas of the Nation most in need of industrial and commercial expansion and development. 20 21 222 22 23 24 25 (h) The discriminatory practices described above are in all eases encouraged, fostered, or tolerated in some degree by the governmental authorities of the States in which they 27-735 0-64 CIVIL RIGHTS 13 1 eceur, which license or protect the businesses involved by 2 means of laws and ordinances and the activities of their 3 executive and judicial officers. Such discriminatory prae 4 tices, particularly when their cumulative effect throughout the Nation is considered, take on the character of action by 6 the States and therefore fall within the ambit of the equal 7 protection clause of the fourteenth amendment to the Con8 stitution of the United States. 10 9 (i) The burdens on and obstructions to commerce which are described above can best be removed by invoking the powers of Congress under the fourteenth amendment and the commerce clause of the Constitution of the United States to prohibit discrimination based on race, color, religion, or 11 12 233 13 14 national origin in certain publie establishments. RIGHT TO NONDISCRIMINATION IN PLACES OF PUBLIC 15 16 17 ACCOMMODATION SEO. 202. (a) All persons shall be entitled, without discrimination or segregation on account of race, color, reli gion, or national origin, to the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages and accommodations of the following publie establishments: (1) any hotel, motel, or other publie place engaged in furnishing lodging to transient guests, including guests from other States or traveling in interstate commerce; (2) any motion picture house, theater, sports arena, |