Mr. HALEY. I just want to say to the Secretary and to the members of the committee, after seeing all of the people you have up here, Mr. Secretary, I just wonder who is keeping the store down there. I want to ask you this: Just because Mr. Carver has been elevated, don't keep him downtown. Let him come back up here very often.

The CHAIRMAN. Mr. Secretary, we are glad to have you here and you may proceed with your statement.

Secretary UDALL. Mr. Chairman, I have a prepared statement before you and I shall read parts of it. I would like to add some other comments, too, if I may.

The CHAIRMAN. Unless there is objection, the whole statement will appear in the record at this point.

(The statement in full follows:)

REMARKS OF SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL BEFORE THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON INTERIOR AND INSULAR AFFAIRS, JANUARY 26, 1965

Mr. Chairman, members of the committee, this is the third appearance which I have made before this committee to discuss the programs of the Department. These sessions are very important for us. Your purpose may be to brief the new members assigned to the committee at the beginning of each Congress, but for me and my staff, it is a valued opportunity for a general discussion of the mutual interest of the Congress and the executive branch in conservation and natural resource management.

Today I want to highlight the Department's program in the framework of the assignment of responsibilities among the subcommittees of this committee, rather than in the framework of the Department's organization. Just as certain responsibilities are customarily handled by the full committee, so we have departmentwide functions in addition to those assigned to program Assistant Secretaries. So I would like to give you a brief overview of the organization of the Department.

The Department of the Interior was created by the Congress on March 3, 1849, and over its long history has had numerous responsibilities later assigned to other departments. For example, St. Elizabeths Hospital, the Pension Office, the Freedman's Bureau, and the Office of Education have all been Interior Department bureaus, and the Department was once referred to as a dust bin. Although unity is now our watchword in carrying on the Department's responsibilities, diversity is still an appropriate adjective. As you on this committee know, probably no Department has such a range of activities.

The present organization structure was set up by a reorganization plan of 1950, modified by the 1956 act which created the Office of Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife.

Before you is an organization chart which specifies the assignment of bureau responsibilities among the Assistant Secretaries.

As you can see, certain offices whose functioning is directly and intimately associated with the Office of the Secretary are shown as reporting directly to me as Secretary.

I would like to introduce to you our science adviser, John C. Calhoun; Harry Shooshan representing Henry Caulfield, Resources Program Staff Director; and Charles Boatner, Director of Information. These officials, along with the Under Secretary and the Solicitor, report to me. The latter two officials are Presidential appointees subject to confirmation by the Senate.

The other official with departmentwide responsibilities is the Assistant Secretary for Administration. That title was conferred by Congress last year; but, unlike the other Assistant Secretaries, his appointment is by the Secretary, with the approval of the President.

Two other officials, not shown in the chart, with whom you have had and will continue to have perhaps the most frequent-and I would hope, most fruitfuldirect association are the congressional liaison officer, Mr. Robert McConnell, and the legislative counsel, Mr. Max Edwards.

Four years ago, my discussion with you was based principally on my experience over the preceding 4 years on the committee as a member. Today I can reaffirm that this is in my experience and opinion the hardest working, best

directed, and most efficiently and economically staffed of all the committees of the Congress. It is a privilege to work with it.

It was no surprise to me, as it was to some, that the 88th Congress made its finest record in the field of conservation, in legislation which was hammered out on the anvil of this committee's thoroughgoing and painstaking efforts-the land and water conservation fund bill, the wilderness bill, the Public Land Law Review Commission Act, and related multiple use and public sale acts, eight new reclamation authorizations, the nine new units of the national park system, and the Water Resources Research Act.

One major problem with which the Congress and the Department have wrestled for more than two decades was solved in the last session with the outstanding support and help of this committee. This was the legislation affecting the Tule Lake-Klamath National Wildlife Refuge. Though the subject of fisheries and wildlife falls generally within the province of another committee, this committee had a major role in solving this longstanding, controversial issue. Mr. Chairman, the Department is most grateful for your leadership and help.

I would like to say a word or two about something which does not easily fit into a discussion of legislation, but which is a matter of mutual concern. This committee acts in the interest of the whole United States; its membership comes from every section of the country. We want our Department to be managed also as a national department.

It is true that many of our programs are regional: most of the public lands are in the Far Western States; the reclamation program, by law, is directed at the States west of the 100th meridian; our largest national parks have been carved from the western public domain; and major undeveloped mineral reserves are in Alaska and the Rocky Mountain States.

I think that one of our finest achievements over the past 4 years has been in erasing the regional label and replacing it with a national label.

In this we have had, of course, great help from the Congress. The land and water conservation fund bill is a kind of equalization measure enabling recreation opportunities to be developed in the populated East; the Fire Island legislation passed in the last Congress typifies our interest that the remaining superb park areas be preserved and maintained for the people in the populous areas of the East.

In the months and years ahead we will be even more deeply concerned with urban conservation problems and with stream pollution, with broadening our park concepts to include a system of wild rivers such as you authorized in the Ozark Riverway, in the implementation of the land and water conservation fund bill, and with more park proposals like Assateague Island in Maryland.

Our agenda for this year and your agenda for this year will emphasize some of the unfinished items, some of the things we didn't get done even in the extraordinarily effective 88th Congress. Reclamation projects like AuburnFolsom South and Garrison diversion are in this category, which will be discussed as I get to Mr. Rogers' subcommittee. The committee knows of our commitment to a regionwide approach to the water shortage problem in the lower Colorado, and to a Pacific Southwest water plan.

The President has several times emphasized saline water program; and a capable new Director, Frank Di Luzio, will be briefing you on our plans in this

area.

But I am violating my pledge to relate my discussion to your committee structure. Let me turn first, then, to Mr. O'Brien's subcommittee and discuss our territorial programs.

TERRITORIAL AND INSULAR AFFAIRS

Those of you who have visited the Virgin Islands know how proud we are of the dramatic changes which have taken place there over the past 4 years under the leadership of Gov. Ralph Paiewonsky. In the fields of education, of health, of housing, of industry diversification and expanded tourism, and in the functioning of responsible self-government under the organic act which this committee worked out 15 years ago-in all of these and many other ways, the American system has been shiningly successful in what was once the poorhouse of the Caribbean. In Samoa, more remote geographically and with quite different cultural background, our successes have been the source of great national pride. Gov. Rex Lee's boundless energy and imaginativeness have brought to that territory national leadership in application of the new methods of educational television to close the education gap, and the rebuilding of a rundown island long neglected

has been a marvel made possible by the cooperation of this committee and the Appropriations Committee.

Governor Guerrero in Guam has had a different kind of problem, but his performance under conditions of great stress has been outstanding. Two typhoons laid waste that beautiful island. The Guam Rehabilitation Act, which cleared this committee and passed the Congress, was premised on the very important ideas that Guamanians as American citizens wanted to repay as much as possible of the Federal money advanced to them, and that a natural disaster such as a typhoon could furnish an opportunity for building better than before. Guam is grateful for the Congress help, and I know that the Congress is proud of the attitude and the resolve of Guam and its leaders.

Beginning tomorrow you will hear from the territorial Governors and from High Commissioner M. W. Goding. Responsibility for the trust islands of the Pacific brings in the United Nations under whose mandate trust territories operated. Both the State and Defense Departments are concerned with our programs.

This committee has been understanding and generous in increasing the authorizations for appropriations. Improved education and health services and political cohesion of the territories as evidenced by the Council of Micronesia have been our program objectives.

IRRIGATION AND RECLAMATION

My long association with Chairman Rogers of the Subcommittee on Irrigation and Reclamation gives me great confidence in our potential for the coming year, both on the unfinished agenda I mentioned and on new projects.

Yesterday's budget message emphasized the President's concern about alternative uses of water. The President said that

"Urban, industrial, and recreational requirements for water have increased sharply in recent years and will continue to increase as our economy grows. The relative priorities of many historic water uses including cropland are changing. The implications of the changing needs for water resources programs and the most effective means of achieving our objectives are continually under intensive review to meet changing priorities."

We will be working most closely with the committee over the coming months as we carry out this review.

The reclamation program has meant much to the country. Generalizations cannot be applied from Los Angeles to South Dakota; land and water of superb quality and adequate amounts are still available for development in Idaho; effective use of hydroelectric potential in our total energy picture continues to demand our finest thinking. No natural resource is more important than water.

Because they are headquartered in the field, three of Assistant Secretary Holum's bureaus tend to be overlooked in this kind of review. They should not be, and I hope that the committee will have the opportunity at an early date to have the administrators of Bonneville, the Southeast and Southwest Power Administrations, and the power marketing section of the Bureau of Reclamation, before the subcommittee in the same way that the other bureaus are appearing this week.

At the request of President Johnson and with the assistance of this committee, new emphasis is being given the saline water conversion effort. A recent contract with the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California and the Atomic Energy Commission will study the feasibility of a large-scale, dualpurpose plant in the 50 to 150 million gallons per day range. In addition, 11 contracts were recently signed for engineering design studies of large-scale plants and other contracts are under consideration; such studies include consideration of fossil fuels. We are also making a joint study of a large plant with the Israeli Government.

INDIAN AFFAIRS

Chairman Haley of the Subcommittee on Indian Affairs has a deserved reputation as a friend of the Indians. This committee has always been most responsive to the numerous legislative requests which we send to Congress. Generalizations in Indian programs are virtually impossible to make, and the Congress plenary power over the subject matter results in a large volume of legislation on a tribe-by-tribe basis.

Of course, the big drive in recent years has been for economic development. Because the principal source of capital for the development of resources often

is the resource itself, we have had to seek authority to make long-term leases and development contracts. More of these requests will be coming to you.

There is a substantial carryover agenda which we shall try again to do something about this year, including heirship, increased authorization of the loan fund, and other measures to facilitate resource development.

The President has given a high priority to his Appalachian regional development program. I am impressed with the similarity between the needs in the Appalachian area and the needs on many of our Indian reservations. Finding ways and means for the Indians to have public works programs-improved roads, have vocational training, development of recreational potential, and opening private credit to them-are objectives of our efforts.

The President's poverty program parallels many programs carried on by the Bureau of Indian Affairs for the Indians. The poverty program is a great new resource, and we are bending every energy to be sure that the Indian people benefit from it.

The President's message on education emphasized the commitment that every American citizen should have a quality education. What the Federal Government plans to do in the field of education generally certainly must be equaled or exceeded in the direct Federal responsibility for educating Indian children.

Both in authorizing legislation and in appropriations, the Congress has always been generous and helpful; but in the Indian school system, as in the public system, the needs tend to outrun the resources.

Among the first three Job Corps Conservation Centers to be established-whose doors will open this month-is a center at the Navajo Reservation near Winslow, Ariz. A special "desk" in the Office of Economic Opportunity will devote its efforts, with the fullest possible support from the Department, in reaching Indians and Indian communities.

MINES AND MINING

I mentioned a few moments ago the President's priority tag on Appalachia. The mineral resources of that region constitute one of its greatest potentials. From the standpoint of the Department of the Interior and Mr. Edmondson's subcommittee, our interests range from the economic relationships of coal to other energy sources, to the technology of steelmaking and the changing demands for particular types of coal; from trade missions to develop European markets to control of acid mine drainage; from rehabilitating strip-mined areas to mine safety and research on new uses of coal.

The work of this subcommittee will be directly related to the efforts on the part of our Department to attack the eyesores of automobile junkyards-for the pileup of old automobile bodies is directly related to the decreased demand for scrap in steelmaking. The Bureau of Mines is attacking this problem just as it is attacking the air and water pollution problem in its research and technological investigations.

In addition to these matters, of course, we retain our interest in the orthodox fields of mining and metallurgy, including the exploration for new silver sources by the Geological Survey and through the expanded Office of Minerals Exploration program.

As you know, I appointed a special committee on the oil shale question, and its report to me is due on February 1. Our study of this report will surely result in action recommendations and other activities that will be of prime interest to this committee.

PUBLIC LANDS

Chairman Baring of the Public Lands Subcommittee comes from a State which is 86 percent federally owned; and I know that he and many members of this committee feel that the enactment of the Public Land Law Review Commission Act in the last Congress was a historic event.

The Under Secretary was recently promoted from the Assistant Secretaryship for Public Lands. It is my intention that his experience and close relationship with this committee be utilized in the work of the Commission. Therefore, I am designating him as this Department's liaison officer as specified by section 5 of the act.

Both the Bureau of Land Management and the Geological Survey will be furnishing to you a full review of steps being taken to implement the Classification and Multiple-Use Act and Director Stoddard will report on the status of regulations to carry out the public sale bill.

NATIONAL PARKS AND RECREATION

The newest subcommittee chairman is Mr. Rivers, of Alaska, who takes over from Mr. Morris for the Subcommittee on National Parks and Recreation, to use its new title.

As I have already said, it was in the parks and recreation area that some of our finest achievements were recorded in the 88th Congress.

Right now we are working hard to assure that the new program authorized by the Land and Water Conservation Fund Act gets off to a sound beginning. We are very pleased that the principle of full funding is recognized in the budget, as you can see from the budget message which came to you yesterday.

The regulations for recreation user fees have not yet been issued, and these require Presidential clearance. However, the Recreation Advisory Council has agreed upon recommendations to the President, and we anticipate action very soon. The committee has been kept fully informed.

I mentioned our hopes in the parks and recreation field at the beginning of this statement, and I think it appropriate that I should conclude saying that I shall be doing my best to see that we maintain the momentum of the third wave of conservation referred to by President Johnson when he signed the fund bill last September.

Secretary UDALL. Mr. Chairman, it is always a pleasure for us to come before the committee at the beginning of a new Congress and a new session. I think for our part these beginning introductory sessions, get acquainted sessions, have been most helpful and most useful. I am sure that we will find this a very productive session today. If I may, particularly for the benefit of the new members, I want to make some comments to them as a former member of this committee. I recall that once, filled with the spirit of reform, I wrote an article for the New York Times about congressional reform and reform of the committees and the main point of my article was pointing to this committee as a model committee and that I thought Congress would be a very effective and workable institution if more of the committees followed the type of procedures that this committee followed. I think I was right when I wrote that several years ago, and I would like to say to the new members of the committee that I think this is about the best "school" there is on the Hill to learn the importance of committee work; to learn congressional procedure; to learn how a committee should function. I think you will find that the senior members of this committee are not only experts on procedure but are experts on fairplay and that the committee is and has been, I think, for the last decade, a model in terms of the procedure it follows. It also has been a model, I think, in terms of the work that it does and its efficiency because it is not remarked often enough that this committee handles, during an average session, usually over one-fifth of the legislation. Sometimes as much as one-fourth of the bills that are introduced go to this committee. In terms of its "productivity," if I may use that word, there have been many sessions in recent years when it passed a fifth or more of the bills. So, this is a very active committee. It is one where, if I were a new Member coming to the House today, I would choose to serve for a number of reasons, but for one primary reason. If I were a freshman, I think this is about the best "school" there is on the Hill. I want to begin by saying that, and some of my remarks this morning will be directed particularly to the members to acquaint them with our attitude in the Department and our hopes for the future.

There is one other preliminary remark that I wanted to make before going into my statement, Mr. Chairman; that is, that I think this committee, and the corresponding committee of the Senate and the