the final part of completing that 430 classroom unit scattered from one end of these islands to the other.

Our secondary schools have been expanded. We had one high school of about 150 students, one senior high school. We are now operating 6, 1 in each administrative district, and the high school enrollments, junior and senior, go from a low of 180 to a high of 500. The high school enrollment has probably quintupled in this 3-year period.

Leaving that part of the educational program development, and there are many aspects we can talk about for quite a while, the key has been the introduction of American teachers. We have brought in well over 100 qualified teachers in the last 2 years. The staff of the high schools is predominantly American. This, too, in our logistics conscious area has involved building houses. Building as many as 200 houses in this scattered area has been quite a difficult thing but, we are happy to say, we have now reached the conclusion of this phase of the program.

When it comes to classrooms as in teacher housing we will have a continuing requirement that will go with the growth of the area but we will have taken care of a big backlog of needs.

There are many other facilities that are necessary for the support of schools, and housing, and I am happy to say that in certain phases our utility programs are moving along. We are getting our electric utilities set up, and we hope to have every district center with a very adequate power supply by midsummer, and with a margin to permit extension of electric service into the civilian community.

Adequate water and sewage facilities are in the program. In some areas they are pretty well taken care of but in others they represent quite a big future job to be done.

In some of the islands water is a very limiting factor. There is no Source except what you get on the roofs or other such areas. There is no reserve of ground water.

On the high islands we are fortunate enough to have water or catchment areas of sufficient size.

Our hospital program has moved along. Three hospitals have been completed and we have a fourth now in the planning and design stage. A new hospital is in the budget for Ponape for the following year and a facility will follow at Yap.

Each of the six districts then will have a modern, nonluxurious type of hospital. They are rather simple facilities but they will be a big improvement over the quonset hut type of installation we have had in the past.

Again I think the members of the committee did see the newer hospitals, those on Saipan and Palau.

Although there are many other items I could touch on I think at this point it would be most appropriate to give the subcommittee a chance to ask some questions.

Mr. O'BRIEN. Thank you very much, Commissioner.

I might say for the benefit of the subcommittee, there should be casual mention of the geography. We will in each of these areas have an opportunity to deal with specific needs and requirements legislatively and budget wise and there will be an opportunity to fill in the rest of the canvas.

Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Chairman, would you have Mr. Goding first. and then Governor Paiewonsky introduce his staff?

Mr. GODING. I am here without staff. I have Mr. Mangan from the Office of Territories.

Mr. O'BRIEN. Governor Paiewonsky?

Governor PAIEWONSKY. I have my administrative assistant, Mr. Shulterbrandt, and we work with the Office of Territories, Mr. Kirwan and Mrs. Van Cleve.

Mr. O'BRIEN. We had a reference and a small bow from Mr. Kirwan. He has been of invaluable service, as has Mrs. Van Cleve, throughout the years to this committee. Also he is the son of Mike Kirwan, a most distinguished, able, and persuasive Member of the House. He knows his stuff.

At this point I would like to present to the committee Mrs. Marietta Tree, U.S. representative on the Trusteeship Council, U.S. Mission to the United Nations.

I might say before we hear from Mrs. Tree, I am very happy she is here today, not only to listen to the discussion, but to hear in this brief fashion what has been done and what remains to be done in the whole area of our territories.

I think Mrs. Tree will get as much benefit out of this as we have because I know she operates in an area other than congressional and that from time to time it is necessary not to defend but to explain what we are doing in various areas.

Personally when I hear of things that began only 3 or 4 years ago in some areas I am astonished with the progress made, and I personally would put it up against the accomplishment of any nation or any group of nations in the world in dealing with such complex and farflung problems.

I didn't mean to make a speech, Madam Ambassador, but we would be happy to hear from you at this time.

STATEMENT OF MRS. MARIETTA P. TREE, U.S. REPRESENTATIVE ON THE TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL, U.S. MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS

Mrs. TREE. I am very grateful to have this opportunity to be with you and the chairman, Mr. Aspinall, and the members of the subcommittee. I am extremely thankful to hear the reports of progress from the distinguished Governors of the territory.

I have a statement of about three and a half pages, really three pages, but I thought I would just give you a brief summary on that, or shall I read it as is?

Mr. O'BRIEN. I think you might read it. I have explained to the committee we have a time problem. We will not get into a great deal of questioning today, anyway. This is a day to cover the broad picture. Penetrating questions will come at a later time when we get down to specifics.

If you will read your statement.

Mrs. TREE. While I am sure the older members of this committee are fully aware of the relationship of the United Nations to the various territories of the United States, I believe it might be useful to some of the new members, Jack Bingham excepted, to have a brief statement of the relationship of the United Nations to the various U.S. territories. Under article 73 of the United Nations Charter, the United States, like other U.N. members administering dependent areas, accepted an

obligation (a) to insure the cultural, political, social, and educational advancement of U.S. territories; (b) to develop self-government in those territories, taking due account of the political aspirations of the people, assisting them in the progressive development of their free political institutions according to the particular circumstances of each territory; (c) to further international peace and security; (d) to promote constructive measures of development; and (e) to transmit regularly to the Secretary General, for information purposes, statistical and other information of a technical nature relating to economic, social, and educational conditions of the territories. Since the establishment of the United Nations, the United States has reported annually to the United Nations in accordance with this article on the -conditions in Guam, Samoa, and the Virgin Islands.

In 1947 the United States placed the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands under United Nations trusteeship through an agreement between the United Nations Security Council and the Government of the United States. Under this agreement, which entered into force July 18, 1947, the territory was designated a strategic area as provided for by article 82 of the United Nations Charter. Under the provisions of article 83(1) of the charter

all functions of the United Nations relating to strategic areas, including the approval of the terms of the trusteeship agreements and of their alterations or amendment, shall be exercised by the Security Council.

The Security Council, in turn, delegated certain functions to the Trusteeship Council.

In December 1960 the General Assembly by Resolution 1514, "Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples," declared that

immediate steps shall be taken in trust and non-self-governing territories or all other territories which have not yet attained independence, to transfer all powers to the people of those territories, without any conditions or reservations, in accordance with their freely expressed will and desire, without any distinction as to race, creed, or color, in order to enable them to enjoy complete independence and freedom.

Resolution 1514 also declared that

all peoples have the right of self-determination; by virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social, and cultural development.

While the United States abstained in the voting on that resolution, we made clear we supported many of the principles embodied in it with particular stress on the right of "self-determination."

In 1961 a special committee was established by the General Assembly for the purpose of implementing the declaration contained in Resolution 1514. In accordance with the terms of this resolution, the Committee in 1964 considered 53 territories, including the American territories of Guam, Samoa, and the Virgin Islands and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. The reports of the Committee on these territories have tended to stress the exhortation of Resolution 1514 that immediate steps shall be taken to enable the peoples of those territories to enjoy complete independence and freedom.

The Special Committee, better known as the Committee of Twentyfour, while recognizing the resolution's declaration that all people have the right to self-determination, has tended to take literally the declaration that immediate steps shall be taken toward independence.

The U.S. delegation has stressed the development of self-government in the territories.

It is important to recognize that whereas the people of the American territories do not consider the territories to be colonies, in the minds of most members of the United Nations they are precisely that. While many members of the Committee do not prejudge the outcome of selfdetermination, they expect the United States to provide to the peoples of the territories an opportunity to decide freely their future political status. This is true also of the Trusteeship Council in its consideration of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

We must therefore expect continuing and increasing interest in our territories on the part of the United Nations, expressed through the Committee of Twenty-four and the Trusteeship Council. Our policy has been to cooperate fully with both the Council and the Committee in informing them of developments in our territories and of steps which we are taking to develop self-government. We have not sought to go beyond this or to prophesy what the future may hold for these territories.

Mr. O'BRIEN. Thank you very much.

Mr. MORTON. Does Madam Ambassador have a copy of that available for us?

Mrs. TREE. Yes, sir.

Mr. O'BRIEN. That is a very good statement. We sometimes have a little difficulty here because our jurisdiction is not as complete as it is in some areas. When the United Nations begins to wander into Guam and other places we do stir up the use of the term "colony." Some of the greatest States in the Union could have been called colonies by the United Nations if it then existed and which cheerfully and willingly followed the route of statehood. It seems to me sometimes there is much more concern about these areas in the United Nations than there is concern by the people themselves. That is to be expected in a great debating society.

Mrs. Tree, I understand you are accompanied by Mr. Dwight Dickinson, adviser on political and security affairs, U.S. mission; Miss Elizabeth Ann Brown, Deputy Director, Office of the United Nations Political Affairs, Department of State; and Miss Frances McReynolds, desk officer, Australia, New Zealand, and Pacific Islands Affairs, Department of State.

I would suggest we have a brief statement from Miss McReynolds because the South Pacific Commission is in no way, I understand, related to the United Nations, so it would be the last piece of mosaic if we can hear from Miss McReynolds.

STATEMENT OF MISS FRANCES MCREYNOLDS, DESK OFFICER, AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, AND PACIFIC ISLANDS AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Miss McREYNOLDS. I would appreciate it if the two Governors and the High Commissioner would stay with me for they are all associated with the Commission.

I have a statement covering about a page and a quarter. Should I read that?

Mr. O'BRIEN. Yes.

Miss MCREYNOLDS. The U.S. Government cooperates with the other four governments administering territories in the South Pacific region-Australia, France, New Zealand, and the United Kingdomin the work of the South Pacific Commission.

The independent state of Western Samoa, formerly a trust territory under New Zealand, became a fully participating government of the Commission in 1964 upon invitation of the other member governments. The 15 or so territories, falling within the scope of the Commission, are scattered over an ocean area comprising about one-fifth of the earth's surface and stretch from the small island of Pitcairn in the east to the very large islands of Papua and New Guinea in the west. American Samoa, Guam, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands are included within its scope.

About three and a half million people, speaking hundreds of different languages and dialects, live in the area covered by the Commission's activities.

Established in 1948 as a consultative and advisory body, the Commission deals with economic and social development. Its current work program includes projects in community and health education, library development and reading aids, eradication of plant diseases and pests, economic incentives and cooperatives, and methods of teaching English.

The Commission carries out its work largely through three methods-one, research; two, technical training and assistance, and, three, collection, publication, and distribution of scientific and technical information.

For example, it conducts training courses, seminars, technical conferences, surveys; issues technical and general publications; and at the village level works directly with the peoples on such matters as village sanitation, maternal and child care and nutrition.

It has a small internship and exchange program for technical personnel.

The Commission cooperates with the United Nations and the specialized agencies, especially in agriculture, health, and education, but as was stated it has no organic connections with the United Nations.

As the only international body concerned solely with the Pacific, the Commission is uniquely qualified to assist in the economic and social development of the South Pacific peoples. It supplements and complements the programs of territorial and metropolitan governments and has proven itself to be an economical and effective method of mobilizing resources of these governments in a common effort.

At the same time it provides a forum for the Pacific peoples to voice their views on the economic and social development of the region. An auxiliary body to the Commission, the South Pacific Conference, is composed of representatives of the territories who meet every 2 or 4 years. Delegates to this Conference participate in the work of the Commission by advising on the social, health, and economic activities which they consider most necessary and by establishing priorities among them.

The U.S. Government participates in the Commission by signature of an international agreement between the United States and the other governments and by authority of the enabling legislation passed by resolution of both Houses of the Congress.