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THE

ANNUAL REGISTER,

For the YEAR 1793.

THE

HISTORY

OF

EUROPE.

С НА Р. І.

Dia

Conduct of France. Opening of the Scheldt. The French Decree of Fraternity. Clubs and Societies of Republicans and Levellers. Affociations form ed to counteract them in London and every part of the Kingdom. Militia Embodied. Parliament fummoned. Internal condition of France. minution of the Party in Oppofition. Speech from the Throne. The Address moved. Debate on the Addrefs, in the House of Commons and Houfe of Lords. Debate in the House of Commons on bringing up the Report of the Addrefs. The Motion of Mr. Fox for fending a Minifter to negociate with France. Debate on that Motion. General Reflections.

WE

E now approach the period when Great-Britain relinquished its neutral character, and became a party in the war that had traversed the Auftrian Netherlands, and threatened the dominions of the United Provinces.

The zeal with which the French Convention propagated revolution

ary principles; the emiffaries which it encouraged in this country; the connection it had formed with certain political focieties established in London; and the manner in which deputies from them had been received at their bar, had already, it was alleged, excited the vigilance of the British government, B

and

1

ple, and to defend fuch citizens as have fuffered, or are now fuffering, in the caufe of liberty." This decree, which was ordered to be printed and tranflated in all the languages of Europe, contained a formal declaration to extend univerfally the new and destructive principles of government adopted in France, and to encourage revolt in all other countries; even in those which poffeffed the exclufive fanctions of a neutral character.

and compelledit to employ fuch mea- ty; and they charged their genefures as the important and extraor-rals to give affiftance to fuch peodinary circumftances of the country appeared to demand: that, at length, however, France, difdaining to continue its bafe and artful designs against the conftitution and government of Great-Britain, or defpairing of any final advantage being reaped from them, had rifen at once into an avowed intention of provoking it to war, and that in this view, among others, it was determined, by the executive power of France, to fet afide the law of nations, and to trample on treaties, by declaring not only its defign, but its right, to open the navigation of the Scheldt. It was added, that the French had already obtained poffeffion of the Belgic Provinces by force of arms, and were impelled by their mad ambition to encroach on Holland, with a view to a fimilar fubjugation of that country: that the Convention, therefore, as a preparatory ftep to this continuation of their aggrandizing project, had made known,inNovember 1792, their defign of opening the Scheldt, in direct oppofition to treaties of which England was a guarantee, and to the manifeft difadvantage of the commerce of the United Provinces, who were the allies of England, to whom they naturally looked for that protection, which they had a right to de'mand.

It was further declared, that the French Convention alfo, as a kind of general declaration against all fubfifting governments, bad, on the roth of November, iffued a decree in the name of the French Republic, "that they would grant fraternity and affiftance to all thofe people who wish to procure liber

The alarm of danger which had been spread throughout this kingdom, not only to the public peace, but the conftitution itself, began to yield to the means which were now employed to unfold and controul thofe practices by which it had been produced. It was faid to have arifen from the pernicious principles of the rights of man, firft propagated by the French, and fince diffeminated through this country: that under various pretences, but particularly that of parliamentary reform, clubs and focieties were established, which met in various parts of the kingdom, and circulated the abominable doctrines of the French Convention, among the middle and lower claffes of the people, to make them difcontented with the government beneath which they lived, and thofe who administered it: that thus they hoped to prepare their minds for any attempt that might be hereafter made to overturn the government of the country: that in fome of thefe works, which traiterous artifice contrived to convey into the loweft cottage, the conftitution was mentioned with fome degree of diftant refpect, but reprefented as loft