My father required it. I would like to see my children doing the same darn thing. Mr. SHRIVER. There is nothing to stop your children from doing it. Your children can still go out and get a job and work. There is nothing to stop that. This is an effort to create opportunities for kids who would not get jobs unless there was some special effort made to put them together with the job. You say, "Is that discrimination?" I think it might be appropriate to remind ourselves this is a bill for poor people. When we pick out poor people, we are discriminating against people who are not poor. There is no question about that. If we go into a community action program in Peoria, all the people in Peoria are not going to benefit equitably from that community action program, it is only going to be those people in Peoria who live in the part of Peoria that is poor, or have a low income themselves. That is discrimination. The alternative to that is just to spew money out for everyone, which is ridiculous. This is not a general welfare bill, not at all. Mr. MICHEL. I appreciate that. Mr. SHRIVER. That is why it is discriminatory. I like to think of it as selective rather than discriminatory. Mr. WEEKS. In terms of whether you can determine whether a job opening displaces or does not displace someone, first, no one could get a job in a private profitmaking concern under this program. These jobs can only be had through private nonprofit organizations and public agencies. The jobs are not being arranged for singly, by and large. The private nonprofit organization or the public agency must come forward with a plan which shows what it is they are planning to do, and this must relate to the history of what has been done in this particular area. I think through this mechanism you can show in fact this is work which is being carried out which would not otherwise be carried out by that particular agency or organization. Mr. HOWARD. These jobs are created for a purpose, and that is, to help the children of poverty through paid work experience. They are not created for general job opportunities. Therefore, it is not competition or discrimination. OUT-OF-SCHOOL YOUTH PROGRAM Mr. MICHEL. Which leads me to this area of out-of-school youth program on page 10 and the statement there are many possibilities for out-of-school youth projects. For example, a project under this program might be sponsored by a hospital and involve jobs such as nurse's aids, orderlies, psychiatric aids, laboratory assistants, X-ray technicians, and so on and so forth. Why would those be singled out? Is there an indication there is a shortage in those areas? Mr. SHRIVER. There is a shortage in those areas. There is a shortage in many other areas. It happens there is a shortage in those areas, too. Those are not the only areas. Mr. HOWARD. These are merely cited as potential examples in the nonprofit community service kind of activities that we are limited to. There must be jobs not being performed if it were not for this program, and they must be useful to the community. It is that kind of job. Mr. SHRIVER. Those happen to be in the health area, but there is the whole area of recreation where there is a shortage. Probation, there is a shortage there. Work with juveniles, there is a tremendous shortage. How many people do you need is this business? Dr. WINSTON. For example, 200,000 homemakers. Mr. FOGARTY. Do you have the estimate as to how much money it would take, and how long it would take to get these 200,000 homemakers? Dr. WINSTON. We anticipate stepping up through various programs the training of homemakers. Our big problem really is not the recruitment and the training of homemakers; it is developing enough job openings to employ the homemakers once we have them trained. We have a number of new homemaker projects which are opening up in various parts of the country, and we hope to accelerate this important service. To train a homemaker only costs a few hundred dollars because you start out with a woman who already has basic knowledge of homemaking skills. Mr. MICHEL. My questions in the agricultural field have been answered, particularly so far as the Farm Credit Administration is concerned. MIGRATORY LABOR One other area that we discussed earlier in the day had to do with migratory labor. Do the people in this planning area perceive that there can be a time when the migratory labor force can be eliminated, or are you going on the assumption we are always going to have to have a certain body of migratory labor in this country unless we get some radical changes in harvesting? Mr. CONWAY. You have to assume the problem will be with us in the foreseeable future. There are certainly revolutionary changes taking place in the whole marketing and harvesting of crops, especially on the larger tracts of farming. We would have to be anticipating these and study this as we develop the programs. Mr. MICHEL. We utilize some of these in our area. I have gone out to see some of the new housing that has been built for some of these migratory workers. It is a sizable investment on the part of an asparagus grower to provide these facilities for these people. It would be understood this would not be a 1-year proposition, but for a number of years in the future? Mr. GANZ. This is like talking about what the long-range effects on manpower and employment will be of automation and technological change. You do need to worry about the unemployment and income of people in the poverty cycle now and all the problems of the immediat present, whatever the longer range effects may be. Both types of problems require action programs. We have had some success in the Southwest teaching migrants to run tractors and to be tractor mechanics, so you can accommodate your training in these kinds of situations to anticipate the new technological changes and not necessarily just keep them for hand-picking or stoop labor. Mr. MICHEL. That is all. Mr. FOGARTY. Is there anything else you would like to say? Mr. SHRIVER. No, sir: except thank you. Mr. FOGARTY. I think you have done a good job today in justifying this appropriation. I wish you a lot of luck. You will need it. Mr. SHRIVER. I think we will. (The justification material submitted to the committee follows:) 21 23 23 24 28 29 31 32 35 35 36 36 38 38 41 43 43 44 Program Direction Work-Study Program Program Expense . Program Direction Activity II. Community Action Programs Financial Assistance. Program Development Conduct and Administration of CAP Training, Demonstration and Research Technical Assistance Migrant Agricultural Employees Activity III. Rural Areas Program. Activity VII. General Direction and Administration. 52 60 Economic Opportunity Fund. . 180555 R-1 EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT OFFICE OF ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY Economic Opportunity Program DRAFT 8/6/64 For expenses necessary to carry out the provisions of the Economic approved August 1964), 2 $947,500,000, of which $412,500,000, plus reimbursements, shall be available for youth programs under Title I; $300,000,000 for community action programs under Title II; $35,000,000 for special programs to combat poverty in rural areas under Title III, Part A (which shall be available for transfer to the Economic Opportunity Fund and shall remain available until expended); $150,000,000 for work experience programs under Title V; and $50,000,000 for (1) adult basic education programs under Title II, (2) volunteer programs under section 603, (3) expenses of administration and coordination of anti-poverty programs under Title VI, and (4) migrant agricultural employees programs under Title III, Part B (including transfers to the Economic Opportunity Fund for loans under section 311, and amounts so transferred shall remain available until expended): Provided, that this appropriation shall be available for the purchase and hire of passenger motor vehicles, and for construction, alteration, and repair of buildings and other facilities, as authorized by section 601 of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964; Provided further, That this appropriation shall not be available for contracts under Titles I, II, V and VI extending for more than twentyfour months: Provided further, That this paragraph shall be effective only upon the enactment into law of H.R. 11377 or S. 2642, Eighty-eighth Congress. 36-723 064-pt. 1-27 |