a new fo form of government have, ment. dt 30 ஊடகம் bobust long since, been proclaimed; that 9. But, though your Petitioner awar, extensive e and sanguinary, places, in relation to the state of has, for years, been going on the Revolution, great reliance on that the Patriots have commanders the particular information which regularly appointed and commis- he has, from most respectable and sioned; that they have a Repre- authentic sources received, he sentative Assembly, officers of places much greater reliance upon state, a national flag,, and, in the natural and inevitable tendency short, that they exercise the pow- of the existence, throughout the ers of sovereignty over a large afore-mentioned countries, of a portion of this extensive, fertile, general spirit of revolt against oprich and important territory. Here, pression and insult exercised by as in the case of case of Mexico, arms imbecility, and which spirit of reonly and a trifling maritime force volt, together with which oppresare wanted to put an end to the sion, insult and imbecility are nocontest, and, as your Petitioner torious to all the world. The hisDESIN humbly hopes that he shall be tory of nations, as your Petitioner able to show, to open to England humbly ventures to believe, furthe fairesto prospect of immensenishes no instar instance of the re-subadvantagesis bus 991 h i jugation of a people, once in arms of That, in Peru, which forms for their rights and perfectly enthe Third Division, and which is lightened as to the nature of those bounded to the North by the last-rights unless such people were Imentioned Territory, to the, East overwhelmed by 19989do doun & is blow 1812 JOSH mat boilque ad the st. 902 combination of foreign Powers, a and even two crops of maize, or | circumstance that cannot happen Indian corn, while one crop of to the Spanish Independents, un- this latter grain is the utmost that less through the consent, or the can, even with difficulty, be raised connivance, of England, acting, in the Northern part of the United as in such case she must, not only States. In the Division of New in violation of the dictates of jus- Grenada and Venezuela, which aptice and humanity, but, as your proaches more towards the South, Petitioner humbly hopes he shall all the products of Mexico abound. be able to show, m' direct oppos opposi- Here, as to the Mines, silver and tion to her own most important gold receive the addition of platina and most permanent interests. metal. Tobacco is here produced 10. In order to obtain ́an inin- long acknowledged to be the finest able conse-in the world. The vine and the sight as to to the probable the imate success of olive have been forbidden by quences the Revolution of Spanish Ame- Despotism to produce wine and rica, especially as those conse-oil in this their favourite climate, quences will affect, permanently lest these countries should, in this as well as for the present, the respect, injure Old Spain. At prosperity and power of England, Chili, where the people have been and that he might be able the bet- permitted to make wine for their ter to discharge his duty to your own use only, a proof has been Royal Highness and his country, afforded of the eminence to which your Petitioner has carefully at- almost every part of these territotended to the nature of the pro- ries would, if free and independducts throughout the territories ent, speedily arrive, to the great which are the subject of his peti- injury, no doubt, of France and tion. And, as to this matter, he Spain and some other of the nabegs leave humbly to beseech your tions of Europe, but to the incalRoyal Highness to bear in mind culable benefit of England. In that Mexico produces all those the Division of Buenos Ayres and articles of commerce, which are Chili; in that of Peru; in every produced in the United States, part of these territories, are prosuch as cotton, tobacco, ship-tim-duced all that the United States ber, and many others, and, be- produce, with a small portion of sides these, cochineal, indigo, dye- the labour required in the latter. woods, and mahogany, while it Hides and Tallow, from droves abounds in those mines of silver roaining at pleasure, unfed and ΟΙ Υ which the United unsheltered, are even an obStates city of ject of considerable traffic, and, Mexico, situated nearly about the under independent governments, centre of this Viceroyalty, and would naturally become such to which city contains a hundred an immense extent. Lumber and and eighty thousand inhabitants, all the articles in wood, together is blessed with a climate that with flour, rice, and all the articles knows no winter; a never-fading of food, occasionally necessary to verdure clothes the fields; two England or to her West India crops crops of any kind of European Colonies, and which articles are grain are, with facility, made, in now chiefly supplied by the United the same year, to succeed each States, would, at a much cheaper other on the same plot of ground, rate, all be supplied from Mexico H 1 and the other countries bordering the territories of Spanish America on the West India Seas, while were freed from the monopoly, the resources arising therefrom to the restrictions, and all the selfish these new nations could not pos- and oppressive shackles imposed sibly, at any period of time, be by Spain; if industry and enteremployed, like the resources of prise were left to take their nathe United States, in the forma- tural course, those countries would tion of a marine threatening to furnish the English manufactures. rival, sooner or later, the Navy of with the most essential article of England. raw material at a price greatly 11. But, amongst the articles, reduced, and the close friendship in which Mexico, and more espe- which must necessarily exist be cially New Grenada and Vene- tween England and those territozuela would supplant the United ries would prevent the supply States, there is one, which your from being interrupted by any of Petitioner humbly presumes to the clashings of interest or any of point out as worthy of the parti- the casualties of war. cular notice of your Royal High- 12. If your Royal Highness's ness. The articles of rice, flour Ministers, too busily engaged in and tobacco are, each of them, of the promoting of Holy Alliances great importance, but that of cot- abroad and in sacrificing the freeton far surpasses any description dom of the people to the interest within the humble powers of your of an usurping Borough faction Petitioner to give. The annual at home, have overlooked these amount of this article of raw ma- obvious commercial consequences terial, imported into England from of the success of the Revolution in the United States, great as that Spanish America, and have also amount is, bears no proportion in overlooked those still more impoint of consequence to the cir-portant consequences of a military cumstances of its being the mate- and naval character, of which your rial of one of the greatest English Petitioner will by-and-by beg to manufactures, giving employment be permitted to speak, the Rulers to a multitude of hands, causing of the United States, have, as he an immense capital to be produc- will now humbly proceed to show, tively employed, and the interrup- overlooked neither the one nor tion of a sufficient supply of which the other, but seem to have had raw material must of necessity be all those consequences clearly in attended with injuries too obvious their view, and to have done all to ho dicu and too great not that lay in their power to prevent to be, if possble, provided against. them accordingly. In the territories which are the 13. Your Petitioner will not so subject of this Petition, and espe- far presume the existence of percially in those which border on the fidy in your Royal Highness's Gulf of Mexico and on the West Envoys, or Ministers, as to supIndia Sea, cotton is not only na- pose your Royal Highness not to turally of a quality greatly supe- have been informed, that the Enrior to that of the United States, voys from the Patriot Governments but it is produced at a small por- have been refused to be received, tion of the expense demanded by in that capacity, by the Governthe cultivation of that of the last-ment of the United States; but mentioned country. So that, if he does presume, that perfidy, or, at least, criminal negligence, must " misdemeanor, and shall be puhave existed somewhere, because," nished and imprisoned at the otherwise, an' Act, which was discretion of the court in which passed by the Congress on the" the conviction shall be had, so third day of March last, would," as the fine to be imposed shall with all possible speed, have been "in no case be more than ten laid before your Royal Highness," thousand dollars, and the term and in which case your Petitioner" of imprisonment shall not exis sure that the said Act would" ceed ten years; and every such have been, by your Royal High-"ship or vessel, with her tackle, ness's order, communicated to the" apparel and furniture, together two Houses of Parliament. This" with all materials, arms, ammubeing the firm conviction of your "nition and stores, which may Petitioner, he deems it his duty to" have been procured for the recite here the words of this Act," building and equipment thereof, and to subjoin to the recital such" shall be forfeited, one half to matter as appears to him neces-" the use of any person who shall sary to exhibit a clear view of all" give information, and the other the bearings and intentions this "half to the use of the United singular and most important docu-" States. ment. "An Act more effectually to pre66 serve the neutral relations of "the United States. 66 arm, "Section 2. And be it further "enacted, That the owners of all "armed ships, sailing out of the ports of the United States, and "Section 1. Be it enacted by" owned wholly or in part by... the Senate and House of Re"citizens thereof, shall enter into "presentatives of the United" bond to the United States, with "States of America, in Congress "sufficient sureties, prior to clear"assembled, That if any person ing out the same, in double the "amount of the value of the ves "shall, within the limits of the United States, fit out and "sel and cargo on board, includher 66 or attempt to fit out and arm, ing armament, that the said. ship or vessel shall not be em→ or procure to be fitted out and “armed, or shall knowingly be❝ployed by such owners, in cruis "concerned in the furnishing, "ing or committing hostilities, or "fitting out or arming of any "in aiding or co-operating in any "warlike ship or vessel, with intent that measure against the "such ship shall be employed in subjects, citizens, or property "the service of any foreign prince "of any prince or start, of any colony, district, or people, with or state, or of any colony, dis"whom the United States are at "trict, or people, to cruise or com"mit hostilities, or to aid or co-" peace. operate in any warlike measure "whatever against the subjects, 66 66 66 66 ។ $ 66 "Section 3. And be it further enacted, That the collectors of "citizens, or property of any "the customs be, and they are "prince or state, or of any co-hereby respectively authorized "Tony, district, or people, with" and required to detain any ves 66 whom the United States are at "sel manifestly built for warlike such peace, every person so purposes, and about to depart "offending shall, upon conviction," from the United States, of which " be adjudged guilty of a high" the cargo shall principally con 66 66 66 "sist of arms and munitions of" with whom the United States ፡፡ war, when the number of men are at peace, by adding to the shipped on board, or other cir-"number or size of the guns of cumstances, shall render it pro- such vessels prepared for use, "bable that such vessel is intended" or by the addition thereto of any "to be employed by the owner or" equipment, solely applicable to 66 owners to cruise or commit hos- " war, every such person so offend"tilities upon the subjects, citi-"ing shall, upon conviction, be 66 zens, or property of any prince" adjudged guilty of a misdeor state, or of any colony, dis-" meanor, and shall be fined and "trict, or people, with whom the " imprisoned, at the discretion of "United States are at peace, "the court in which the conviction "until the decision of the Pre-" shall be had, so as that such "sident be had thereupon, or "fines shall not exceed one thou"until the owner enters into bond," sand dollars, nor the term of "and sureties to the United States" imprisonment be more than one prior to clearing out the same, year. "in double the amount of the "Section 5. And be it further "value of the vessel and cargo on "enacted, That this Act shall "board, including her armament, continue in force for the term of "that the said ship or vessel shall "two years. "not be employed by the owner or owners, in cruising or com"mitting hostilities, or in aiding "or co-operating in any warlike. measure against the subjects, citizens, or property of any prince or state, or of any colony, district, or people, with "whom the United States are at "peace. 66 "Section 4. And be it further "enccted, That if any person shall, within the territory or ju"risdiction of the United States, "increase or augment, or procure "to be increased or augmented, "or shall be knowingly concerned "in increasing augmenting the u any ship of war, cruiser, "or other armed vessel, which at "the time of her arrival within the "United States, was a ship of war, "cruiser, or other armed vessel, in "the service of a foreign prince, or state, or of any colony, district, or people, or belonging to the subjects, or citizens of any such prince, state, colony, district, or people, the same being at war "with any foreign prince or state, 66 66 86 86 66 14. With regard to the Title of this Act, your Petitioner begs leave humbly to represent to your Royal Highness, that it is a perfect novelty, in the history of nations, for any Government to pass laws to punish its citizens or subjects for violating the public laws of neutrality; that the law of nations provides the punishment which, upon this score, nations have deemed to be amply sufficient; that, in virtue of this law, every citizen, or subject, of a neutral State is, if he trade to a belligerent State in articles contraband of war and such as are enumerated in this Act, liable to have those articles seized and condemned by the belligerent with whose enemy he so trades; that this general law of nations has |