of officers, of members of Standing Committees, and of all members of the Association.

No other address made, nor paper read or submitted, shall be published in the "TRANSACTIONS," except by order of the Committee on Publications.

Exchanges.

BY-LAW XIX. The Secretary shall endeavor to arrange a system of exchanges by which the "TRANSACTIONS" can be annually exchanged with those of the American Bar Association, the Bar Associations in other States, and other Associations in foreign countries interested in jurisprudence or affairs of government; and all books thus acquired shall be bound and deposited in the Library of the Supreme Court of this State, subject to the call of the Association.

The Secretary shall annually send a copy of the "TRANSACTIONS" to the Congressional Library.

Publications.

BY-LAW XX. Members desiring extra copies of the "TRANSACTIONS," shall obtain them at their estimated cost, on giving reasonable notice of their desire before publication to the Committee on Publications.

Assessment for Dinner.

BY-LAW XXI. The Executive Committee shall have power to assess the members present at the Annual Dinner, should the funds in the Treasurer's hands fail to defray the cost of said Dinner.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY

GENTLEMEN: Pursuant to the By-Laws of the Association, the Secretary makes the following report:

At the close of the eleventh annual meeting of the Association there were on our rolls the names of 308 members. 285 active, and 23 honorary. Since then 20 new active members have been elected, so that now the total membership is 328.

The transactions of the eleventh annual meeting of Association were printed during the past year and distributed among the members. Copies were also sent to nearly all the various State Bar Associations throughout the country, and to many public libraries.

The Secretary has in his possession a large number of copies of the printed proceedings of the Bar Associations of other States, which have been sent to the Association from time to time during the past few years. These publications may be of use as reference books, and it is desirable that they be conveniently accessible to the members of the Association. The Committee on Publications has recommended that these reports be placed in the Supreme Court Library with the permission of the Librarian, who should preserve them for the use of the Bar of the State. The Secretary endorses this recommendation and asks that he be authorized to carry it into effect; and that he be also authorized to provide and place in the Supreme Court Library from time to time bound. volumes of the TRANSACTIONS of this Association.

Several of the standing committees of the Association have failed to make written reports at the present meeting. The Secretary ventures to suggest that these committees be asked to furnish him with their reports after the adjournment of the present meeting, and that the same be published among the transactions of the Association.

Respectfully submitted,

January 20, 1905.

HUNTER A. GIBBES,

Secretary.

Report of Committee on Grievances

The Committee on Grievances beg leave to report:

Under the By-Laws this Committee is charged with the hearing of all complaints against members of the Association and also all complaints which may be made in matters affecting the interest of the Bar, the practice of the law, and the administration of justice, and they shall report thereon to the Association, with such recommendations as they may deem advisable.”

No complaint having been made to the Committee on any matter of grievance, whether as against individuals or as affecting the practice of law or the administration of justice, the Committee has no report, as such, to submit. It is gratifying to the Committee to note the condition which this absence of complaints must be taken to indicate.

The Committee would suggest, however, that the interests of the profession and the usefulness of the Association might be advanced if the members would use the Committee as the medium by which to communicate their views or wishes upon matters affecting the interests of the Bar, matters having no relation to the conduct of particular attorneys but affecting the usefulness of the profession in aiding the orderly, expeditious and impartial administration of justice. Such matters, if brought to the notice of the Committee, might by them be submitted to the Association for its consideration and action. Evils, if any there be, might thus be cured, and improvements, if any might be needed, could be effected through the action of a body representing the profession at large. Upon any matter thus considered the judgment of the Association would be valuable in strengthening a proper professional pride, in enforcing high standards of ethics and in procuring from the Courts or the Legislature remedies for any evils shown to exist.

Individual action in the matter referred to is usually attended with embarrassments, due to personal relations, and,

most especially, to the general disinclination of the individuals to act in any proceeding which looks to the redress of any individual grievance or the punishment of an individual wrong. This difficulty would be removed by having all suggestions come from this Committee and all action taken by the Association. In the absence of complaint or information, action, in either case, is impracticable.

RALPH K. CARSON, Chairman, for Committee.

Report of Committee on Education and Admission to the Bar

To the South Carolina Bar Association.

Gentlemen: Your Committee charged with the duty of suggesting such improvements and changes in the requirements for admission to the Bar as they may think proper, ask leave to report as follows:

The present statute on the subject provides for the admission of "Any citizen of this State who has attained the full age of twenty-one years, and who may pass a written examination upon the course of study prescribed by the Supreme Court, or has graduated at the Law School of the State University, and can produce evidence satisfactory to the Supreme Court, of good moral character."

This opens an easy door to the ranks of a "learned" profession that has for ages been a great constructive agency in the progress and development of civilization. A course of study is intended for the average student. And, while it is impossible to fix an arbitrary requirement that will not operate harshly in individual cases, it should be the aim of this Association to maintain the highest practicable requirements for admission to the Bar. It is hoped that the agitation in favor of a State University will bring to our Law School adequate equipment for its increasingly important work.

It is difficult to point out changes that seem to have practical value, but the following suggestions are worthy of consideration. And it is proper to say that nothing in this report is intended to discredit those who, without the advantages of a liberal preliminary education, have won success and achieved distinction in the profession.

1. The Bar should discourage the notion that the office of a busy lawyer is a fit substitute for the law school. The student who is trying to do the work of office clerk and law student at the same time has little time for study, and no time for methodical study. Two years in a law office should be reckoned as not more than equivalent to one year in a law school.

2. No one should be admitted to the law school who has not at least a good high school education; and for students of this class a course of at least three years should be required in the law school.

3. The course of study for those who hold diplomas from reputable colleges should cover at least two years. We are aware that diplomas issued by different colleges, and those issued to different men in the same college, are of unequal significance, and that, unfortunately, some of them have no significance of real value; but it is highly desirable that a liberal education should precede the law course. If the end

of education is efficiency, the end of professional education is technical efficiency; and it follows that the primary aim of the law school is the making of successful practitioners. But the lawyer should be much more than merely a successful practitioner; and in order that he may render the high service that the general community may justly claim, he should bring to his professional study such preliminary liberal culture as shall give him skill and force in the use of language; a clear and just historical perspective and sense of proportion; a firm grasp of the essentials of moral, social, and political science; and an acquaintance with the historical setting