CHAPTER VIII. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. § 3209. The standard of weights and measures. § 3210. The unit of extension. 3217. § 3218. § 3219. § 3220. §3221. Heap measure. 3222. The barrel, the hogshead. Unit of solid measure. Division of the half bushel. Division of capacity for commodities. Contracts construed accordingly. § 3223. Weights of bushels of various products. § 3209. The standard weights and measures now in charge of the Secretary of State being the same that were furnished to this State by the Government of the United States, and consisting of ore standard yard measure; one set of standard weights, comprising one troy pound, and nine avoirdupois weights of one, two, three, four, five, ten, twenty, twenty-five, and fifty pounds, respectively; one set of standard troy ounce weights, divided decimally from ten ounces to the one ten thousandths of an ounce; one set of standard liquid capacity measures, consisting of one wine gallon of two hundred and thirty-one cubic inches, one half-gallon, one quart, one pint, and one half pint measure; and one standard half bushel, containing one thousand and seventy-five cubic inches and twenty-one hundredths of a cubic inch, according to the inch hereby adopted as the standard, are the standards of weights and throughout the State. Basis of section: Stats. 1861, p. 86. measures Sealers of Weights and Measures: Penal Code, secs. 561-567. False weights and measures: Penal Code, secs. 552-555. $ 3210. The standard yard is the unit or standard measure of length and surface from which all other measures of extension, whether lineal, superficial, or solid, are derived and ascertained. § 3211. The yard is divided into three equal parts, called feet, and each foot into twelve equal parts, called inches; for measures of cloths and other commodities commonly sold by the yard, it may be divided into halves, quarters, eighths, and sixteenths. $3212. The rod, pole, or perch, contains five and a half yards, and the mile one thousand seven hundred and sixty yards; the chain for measuring land is twenty-two yards long, and divided into one hundred equal parts, called links. § 3213. The acre for land measure must be measured horizontally, and contains ten square chains, and is equivalent in area to a rectangle sixteen rods in length and ten in breadth; six hundred and forty acres being contained in a square mile. § 3214. The standard avoirdupois and troy weights are the units or standards of weight from which all other weights are derived and ascertained. § 3215. The avoirdupois pound, which bears to the troy pound the ratio of seven thousand to five thousand seven hundred and sixty, is divided into sixteen equal parts, called ounces; the hundred weight consists of one hundred avoirdupois pounds, and twenty hundred weight constitute a ton. The troy ounce is equal to the twelfth part of the troy pound. Basis of section: Stats. 1861, p. 86. $ 3216. The standard gallon and its parts are the units or standards of measure of capacity for liquids, from which all other measures of liquids are derived and ascertained. $ 3217. The barrel is equal to thirty-one and a half gallons, and two barrels constitute a hogshead. § 3218. The standard half bushel is the unit or standard measure of capacity for substances other than liquids, from which all other measures of such substances are derived and ascertained. § 3219. The peck, half peck, quarter peck, quart, and pint measures for measuring commodities other than liquid are derived from the half bushel by successively dividing that measure by two. § 3220. The measures of capacity for coal, ashes, marl, manure, Indian corn in the ear, fruit, and roots of every kind, and for all other commodities commonly sold by heap measure, are the half bushel and its multiples and subdivisions; and the measures used to measure such commodities must be made cylindrical, with plane and even bottom, and must be of the following diameters from outside to outside: the bushel, nineteen and a half inches; half bushel, fifteen and a half inches, and the peck, twelve and a third inches. § 3221. All commodities sold by heap measure must be duly heaped up in the form of a cone; the outside of the measure, by which the same are measured, to be the limit of the base of the cone, and such cone to be as high as the article will admit. § 3222. Contracts made within this State for work to be done, or for anything to be sold or delivered by weight or measure, must be construed according to the foregoing standards. Basis of section-and of next: Stats. 1861, p. 86. or § 3223. Whenever wheat, rye, Indian corn, barley, buckwheat, or oats, are sold by the bushel, and no special agreement as to the weight measurement is made by the parties, the bushof consists of sixty pounds of wheat, of fifty-four pounds of rye, of fifty-two pounds of Indian corn, of fifty pounds of barley, of forty pounds of buckwheat, and of thirty-two pounds of oats. Pol. Code 55. CHAPTER IX. LABOR AND MATERIAL ON PUBLIC BUILDINGS. § 3233. Labor must be done by day's work. § 3233. All work done upon the public buildings of this State must be done under the supervision of a Superintendent, or State officer or officers having charge of the work; and all labor employed on such buildings, whether skilled or unskilled, must be employed by the day, and no work upon any of such buildings must be done by contract. Acts relating to public works: See General Laws, title "Public Works." § 3234. All materials to be used on any of the public buildings must be furnished by contract, in accordance with the plans and specifications and proposals therefor. Basis of section: Stats. 1870, p. 777. Erection of public buildings and structures by contract-plans, specifications and proposals: Stats. 1872, p. 925; but see later act to regulate such contracts, in Stats. 1876, p. 427, and repealing clause of same. See also General Laws, title "Public Works." § 3235. No supplies of any kind or character, "for the benefit of the State, or to be paid for by any moneys appropriated or to be appropriated by the State," manufactured or grown in this State, which are in whole or in part the product of Mongolian labor, shall be purchased by the officials for the State having the control of any public institution under the control of the State, or of any county, city and county, city, or town thereof. [In effect March 17, 1887.] § 3247. § 3248. Preference in purchase of supplies. §3249. Preference in purchase of supplies. § 3244. Eight hours of labor constitutes a day's work, unless it is otherwise expressly stipulated by the parties to a contract, except those contracts within the provisions of sections three thousand two hundred and forty-six, three thousand two hundred and forty-seven, and three thousand two hundred and forty-eight of this Code. [In effect March 11, 1887.] Basis of chapter: Stats. 1863, p. 63. Requiring wards or apprentices to work more than eight hours-is misdemeanor: Penal Code, sec. 651. Act regulating minimum compensation on public works: See General Laws, title "Public Works." § 3245. Eight hours' labor constitute a legal day's work in all cases where the same is performed under the authority of any law of this State, or under the direction, control, or by the authority of any officer of this State acting in his official capacity, or under the direction, control, or by the authority of any municipal corporation within this State, or of any officer thereof acting as such; and a stipulation to that effect must be made a part of all contracts to which the State or any municipal corporation therein is a party. Eight hours' labor a legal day's work-on all public works: Const. Cal., 1879, art. 20, sec. 17. a § 3246. Twelve hours' labor constitutes day's work on the part of drivers and conductors. and gripmen of street cars for the carriage of passengers. Any contract for a greater number of hours' labor in one day shall be and is void, at |