46 RELATIVE POPULATION IN HOT AND COLD DISTRICTS. TABLE OF POPULATION IN VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS IN DIFFERENT - BIRTHS AND DEATHS. YEARS-RELATIVE EXCEESS Males. Females. Excess Excess males. females. 21,799 21,640 159 10,979 9,107 1,872 It may, generally, be said that the excess of one sex over the other is in inverse proportion to the latitude; or, in other words, that, as we advance from the equator, the excess of females over 1 The cholera ravaged Mexico this year, and consequently it would be unfair to use the deaths as a basis of calculation at that period. RELATIVE POPULATION IN HOT AND COLD DISTRICTS. 47 males decreases, until the reverse occurs as the degrees of latitude augment. We must, however, except from this rule the department or state of Tamaulipas, in which the constancy with which nature sustains the excess of males, is somewhat extraordinary. The most ancient document possessed upon the subject, relative to this State, is of the year 1793, and from this we discover that, from that year until 1807, 124 more males than females were born therein, and that 30 more females than men died during the period More females than males are born in the following States, in the order in which they are placed: 1. Vera Cruz-greatest number. 2. Oajaca. 3. Puebla. 4. Michoacan. 5. Guanajuato. 6. Jalisco. More males than females are borr in the following States, according to the order in which they are placed: 1. Alta California-greatest No. 2. New Mexico. 3. Sonora. 4. Chihuahua. 5. Coahuila. 6. New Leon.' 1 See Boletin No. 1, del Instituto Nacional de Geografia y Estadistica, Mejico, 1839. CHAPTER IV. AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURE DRY AND RAINY SEASONS. OF CORN LANDS. PENDENCE CORN MODE OF BAD INTERCOMMUNICATION ARRIEROS. Sun, seasons, temperature, soils and moisture are the chief elements of agricultural success or failure, according as they are beneficially harmonized or unfortunately disunited. In our geological and geographical descriptions we have already indicated the rapid changes of temperature in Mexico experienced by rising gradually from the sea shore to the summit of the table land, and passing through the tierras calientes, templadas and frias. This is the origin of the variety of Mexican productions and the reason why the pine and the palm are encountered upon the same parallel of latitude; but the fertility of Mexico is very much governed by the moisture with which it is annually favored, and for which it is obliged to rely chiefly on the clouds. The Mexicans are not accustomed to separate the year as we do into the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter, for the variation of temperature scarcely authorizes such marked distinctions of climate; yet they divide the twelve months into two grand divisions of El Estio or the dry season, and La Estacion de las aguas, or the rainy season. The latter commences about May and lasts usually four months, whilst the dry season comprises the remainder of the year. The curving shores of Mexico along the gulf and interior highlands gather and hem in an immense body of vapor, which is carried on by the trade winds and condensed against the cold and lofty inland mountain peaks which rise above the limit of perpetual congealation. This occurs during the dry season whilst the sun is at the south. But when the power of that luminary increases as it advances northward, and until it has long turned back again on its southern course, these vapors are dissolved by the hot intertropical air and descend, almost daily, in fertilizing showers. The forma |