international aspects. While it will frequently study data of individual businesses, it will do this not in order to serve as a business adviser, but primarily in order to discover principles of general importance.

The precise program of the institute will be developed gradually. Its exact form will be determined partly by the readiness with which essential data on particular subjects can be assembled, and by the work which is already in progress elsewhere. In the course of its activity the institute will concern itself with such subjects as the food elements in actual and normal standards of living, and the physiological and social aspects of sub-nutrition; the sources, production, marketing, and utilization of important staple foodstuffs, such as wheat; the financing of farm operations and the manufacture and marketing of food products; the analysis of important food industries and the problems which they present; the technology of food manufacture, and the desirable scope of public control thereof; and the elements in a sound national policy with respect to food production, internal distribution, and international trade.

Numerous existing organizations are already conducting research into food problems, from one angle or another, notably the Department of Agriculture, state bureaus of markets, agricultural colleges and experiment stations; research organizations of banks, business houses, trade and marketing associations; and university departments, committees, or individuals. It will be the policy of the institute to avoid, so far as possible, any serious overlapping of the work of established research organizations, public or private. It will endeavor rather to enlist the aid of existing organizations in the prosecution of researches in which there is a common interest, in which essential data are already collected or in process of collection, or in which another organization is in a better position to perform a portion of the research. Moreover, in numerous instances the institute will consider its purpose accomplished if methods which it may develop, or sample studies which it may make, can be utilized by public or private agencies in undertaking similar investigations on a far more extended scale.

The research work will be done, for the most part, at Stanford University. In general, subjects for investigation will be selected which do not necessitate extensive field work, or in which the results of field investigations conducted by other competent organizations can be utilized. It is recognized, however, that certain investigations which the institute can undertake will require more or less field work by the directors, fellows, or assistants, and for these necessary provision will be made.

The institute is organized as an integral part of Stanford University, with the status of a department for the purpose of directing research and recommending degrees. For the year 1922-23 it has established four fellowships for graduate study in the field of food research. The directors will guide the work of these fellows, and occasionally a few other well-qualified graduate students, in studies which fall within the scope outlined above and which will frequently constitute a specific part of a piece of research which the institute has in process. Such individual research will ordinarily form a part of the work toward a higher degree at Stanford University, and will be supplemented by such work in other departments of the university as may be necessary to fulfill the usual requirements for degrees.

While the institute does not contemplate undertaking extensive experimental work on its own account, the university's established facilities for experimental research on foods, nutrition, etc., are available to graduate students, and to a limited extent the directors of the institute will cooperate in the direction of research in these fields. In addition, the directors will occasionally offer courses of instruction in other deparments of the university.

In part the results of researches will be published through established technical journals. Where circumstances render this undesirable, the results will usually appear in a series of publications to be issued by the Food Research Institute. In cases where certain lines of research are of interest to specific groups of readers, other or additional channels of publication will be sought in order to reach those concerned.

The first year of the institute has been

largely occupied with the establishment at Stanford, the determination of general policies, the organization of a small staff, enlarging the collection of data which will be required for research, and making certain preliminary surveys and investigations designed to furnish the basis for more intensive studies. The work will be fully under way by the autumn of 1922.

SCIENTIFIC EVENTS
CANADIAN SOCIETY OF TECHNICAL
AGRICULTURISTS

THE Canadian Society of Technical Agriculturists held its second annual convention at Macdonald College, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Que., in the week of June 26 to July 1. In addition to the business sessions, a number of advanced lectures were given, the expense of which was borne by the Dominion Department of Agriculture. Professors W. T. Jackman, of the University of Toronto, and A. Leitch, of the Ontario Agricultural College, discussed topics appertaining to rural economics. Professor L. J. Cole, of the University of Wisconsin, spoke on "Genetics"; Dr. A. Bruce Macallum, of the Synthetic Drug Company, Toronto, on "Vitamins"; and Dr. M. O. Malte, National Herbarium, Ottawa, and Professor R. G. Stapledon, director of the Plant Breeding Station, Aberystwyth, Wales, on "Plant Breeding." President L. S. Klinck, of the University of British Columbia, delivered the presidential address and was succeeded in the chair by President J. B. Reynolds, of the Ontario Agricultural College. An interesting feature of the convention was an excursion to the Oka Agricultural Institute, La Trappe, Que., where the members of the society were very hospitably entertained by the staff of the institute under the Reverend Father Leopold. Speakers at the luncheons and banquets included the Honorable J. E. Caron, minister of agriculture, Quebec; Dr. J. H. Grisdale, federal deputy minister of agriculture; Dr. Jas. W. Robertson, Ottawa; the Reverend Father Leopold, principal of the Oka Agricultural Institute, and Principal F. C. Harrison, of Macdonald College. Professor W. H. Brit

tain, of the Nova Scotia Agricultural Society, was appointed representative of the society on the council of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The society maintains a Bureau of Records of its members, which serves as an employment agency, and a bilingual journal, Scientific Agriculture (La Revue Agronomique Canadienne), both of which are conducted by the general secretarytreasurer, Mr. F. H. Grindley, B.S.A., Gardenvale, Que.

BISHOP MUSEUM FELLOWSHIPS FROM the list of applicants for the Bishop Museum fellowships Yale University announces the selection of the following fellows for the year 1922-23:

Henry W. Fowler, ichthyologist, Philadelphia Academy of Science.

N. E. A. Hinds, instructor in geology, Harvard University.

Carl Skottsberg, director of the Botanical Garden, Gotenberg, Sweden.

Dr. Fowler will devote his attention to a study of the fish of Hawaiian waters; Dr. Hinds will continue his investigations of the geology of the island of Kauai; Dr. Skottsberg plans to make a study of the flora of Hawaii with particular reference to comparison with the plant life of Juan Fernandez and other islands of the southeast Pacific.

The four Bishop Museum fellowships yielding $1,000 each were established in 1920 by a cooperative agreement between Yale University and the Bernice P. Bishop Museum of Honolulu. They are designed primarily for aid in research on problems in ethnology and natural history which involve field studies in the Pacific region.

The Bishop Museum fellows for 1921-22 were Dr. F. L. Stevens, professor of botany in the University of Illinois; Dr. Stephen S. Visher, professor of geography in the University of Indiana, and Ruth H. Greiner, graduate student in ethnology in the University of California. The results of Professor Stevens' work on Hawaiian fungi and of Miss Greiner's study of Polynesian art have been submitted to Bishop Museum for publication.

THE HULL MEETING OF THE BRITISH

ASSOCIATION

THE association meets from September 6 to 13 under the presidency of Sir C. S. Sherrington, Waynflete professor of physiology at Oxford, who will succeed Sir Edward Thorpe.

The London Times states that the presidential address will be on "Some aspects of animal mechanism." In the course of the meeting there will also be two evening discourses, the first by Professor W. Garstang on "Fishing: old ways and new," and the second, which will raise a question that created great interest at the last meeting in Edinburgh, by Dr. F. W. Aston, F.R.S., on "The atoms of matter: their size, number and construction." An interesting part of the proceedings will be the series of Citizens' Lectures, in development of the movement started by Huxley in the "sixties." These lectures will be four in number. Dr. E. H. Griffiths, F.R.S., will speak on "The conservation and dissipation of energy," Sir Westcott Abell, of Lloyd's Register, on the "Story of the ship"; Dr. Smith Woodward, of the Natural History Museum, on the "Ancestors of man"; and Professor A. P. Coleman, Toronto, on "Labrador." There will also be special lectures for children, at which Professor H. H. Turner, F.R.S., will speak on "The telescope and what it tells us," Professor J. Arthur Thomson on "Creatures of the sea," and Mr. F. Debenham on "The Antarctic."

Since the program was first arranged Dr. W. H. R. Rivers, F.R.S., president-elect of the Psychology Section, who was to have spoken on “The herd instinct and human society," has died, and his place will be taken by Dr. C. S. Myers, F.R.S., who will speak on the influence of the late Dr. Rivers on the development of psychology in Great Britain. The following are the titles of the other addresses to be given by sectional presidents:

Mathematics and Physics: Professor G. H. Hardy, F.R.S., "The theory of numbers.'' Chemistry: Principal J. C. Irvine, F.R.S., "Research problems in the sugar group.' Geology: Professor P. F. Kendall, "The physical geography of the coal swamps.''

Zoology: Dr. E. J. Allen, F.R.S., "The progression of life in the sea.'

Geography: Dr. Marion Newbigin, "Human geography: first principles and some applications.''

Economics: Professor F. Y. Edgeworth, "Equal pay to men and women for equal work."' Engineering: Professor T. Hudson Beare, "Railway problems in Australia."

Anthropology: Mr. H. J. E. Peake, "The study of man."

Physiology: Professor E. P. Cathcart, F.R.S., "The efficiency of man and the factors which influence it."

Botany: Professor H. H. Dixon, F.R.S., "The transport of organic substances in plants. Education: Sir R. Gregory, "Educational and school science.''

Agriculture: Lord Bledisloe, "The proper position of the landowner in relation to the agricultural industry."

The special interest of Hull as a fishing center will receive prominent attention in a series of sectional discussions dealing with the North Sea. On the more technical side, a discussion of intense interest will be that on "The origin of magnetism," which will be opened by Professor P. Langevin, Paris, and in which Professor P. Weiss, Strasbourg, will also take part. Another subject to be discussed is that "Economic periodicity," which arises out of the theory expressed by Sir William Beveridge that there is a bad time coming in a few years. Lord Haldane will lecture on "The ideal of our national education," and, among the other topics which will be dealt with are "Training in citizenship," "Psycho-analysis and the school," "Vitamins," "The present position of Darwinism," "The possibility of increasing the food supply of Great Britain," and "Our bones and teeth" (the latter, a lecture by Professor W. D. Halliburton, F.R.S.).

A special effort is being made this year to attract the younger generation of students. Thanks to the beneficent gift of £10,000 of War Stock recently handed over to the association by Sir Charles A. Parsons, the association has offered a certain number of exhibitions to universities and university colleges in Great Britain.

SCIENTIFIC NOTES AND NEWS PROFESSOR EDWARD SYLVESTER MORSE, of the Peabody Museum of Salem, Massachusetts, and the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, an authority on Japan and the Nipponese people, their habits, customs and arts, was in 1898 decorated by the Japanese government with the Order of the Rising Sun. He has now received through the Imperial University of Tokio, from the department of foreign affairs, Japan, the second class of the Order of the Sacred Treasure, "in recognition of merito

rious services rendered to the cause of learning

and culture" in Japan.

A COMPLIMENTARY dinner was tendered to Professor and Mrs. G. F. Hull, of Dartmouth College, on July 15, by the departments of physics, astronomy and physiological optics, in celebration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of Professor Hull's doctorate. Professor Hull received the degree of Ph.D. from the University of Chicago on July 1, 1897. Later the party was entertained at the home of Professor and Mrs. A. B. Meservey. Congratulatory letters were read from Dr. E. F. Nichols, formerly of the department of physics of Dartmouth, from Sir J. J. Thomson, of Trinity College, Cambridge, with whom Professor Hull has studied, and from others with whom he has been associated.

A COMPLIMENTARY dinner was recently given to Dr. Henry Head, F.R.S., on his retirement, in recognition of his services as editor of Brain for seventeen years. The chair was taken by Sir Charles Sherrington, F.R.S., professor of physiology at the University of Oxford and president of the Royal Society and of the British Association.

THE James Scott Prize of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, established in 1918 for a lecture or essay on the fundamental concepts of natural philosophy, was presented on June 5 to Professor A. N. Whitehead for his lecture entitled "The Relatedness of Nature."

HONORARY degrees have been conferred by the University of Sheffield on Sir Charles Parsons for his work on the turbine engine, and on Mr. T. W. Hall for researches in paleography and archeology.

M. AMÉ PICTET, professor of chemistry at the University of Geneva, has been elected a corresponding member by the French Academy of Sciences.

PROFESSOR GEORGE H. F. NUTTALL, of the University of Cambridge, has been elected a corresponding member of the Société de Biologie, Paris, and of the Society of American Bacteriologists.

THE Swedish Medical Association at a recent meeting voted to commemorate the sixtieth

birthday of Professor A. Gullstrand, in June, with a special gold medal and the foundation of a fund in his honor. He was given the Nobel prize in medicine in 1911 for his contributions to the science of ophthalmology.

PROFESSOR T. PETRINA, of Prague, professor emeritus of internal diseases and president of the German section of the Bohemian Medical Society, retired from this and other positions on reaching his eightieth birthday recently. The German-Bohemian members of the society have founded the Petrina Endowment in his honor.

MR. V. H. GOTTSCHALK, of the technical branch of the Western Electric Company, at Hawthorne, Ill., has joined the research staff of the Society of Automotive Engineers, New York City.

THE following men have accepted temporary appointments at the Japanese Beetle Laboratory, Riverton, N. J., for this summer and have reported for duty: Professor W. A. Price, of Purdue University; Dr. Henry Fox, of Mercer University; H. H. Pratt, a graduate of Rutgers College, and J. H. Painter, a graduate of the University of Maryland. There was received at the Japanese Beetle Laboratory earlier in the spring what is believed to have been one of the largest shipments of imported parasite material ever brought into this country from abroad. Something over a hundred thousand cocoons of a tachinid known to be parasitic on the Japanese beetle in Japan were sent to the laboratory by C. P. Clausen and J. L. King, who are stationed in Japan and working upon Japanese beetle parasites there. A fairly large proportion of these cocoons

were apparently in good condition upon their arrival at the laboratory and emergence has just commenced.

THE British Commissioners of 1851 announce the following appointments to science research scholarships (overseas):

Canada: J. M. Luck, University of Toronto, biology; W. H. McCurdy, Dalhousie University, physics; D. F. Stedman, University of British Columbia, physical chemistry.

Australia: Miss M. Bentivoglio, University of Sydney, crystallography; J. S. Rogers, University of Melbourne, physics.

New Zealand: J. C. Smith, University of New Zealand, chemistry.

South Africa: I. Low, University of Stellenbosch, meteorology.

DR. T. T. READ, chief of the information service of the United States Bureau of Mines, has been appointed by the president of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers as the official representative of the institute to attend the International Congress of Engineering to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in September. Dr. Read expects to leave for Rio de Janeiro about August 15.

DR. A. B. STOUT, of the New York Botanical Garden, will be in residence as professor at Pomona College during the year 1922-23, being on leave of absence for one year.

A PARTY in charge of Dr. C. H. Edmondson and Dr. Stanley C. Ball, of the Bishop Museum staff, sailed on July 10 for Fanning Island. They plan to make a study of the bird life and marine fauna and to procure representative collections.

PROFESSOR ARTHUR JOHN HOPKINS, of the department of chemistry of Amherst College,. has started on a tour of eleven months through Spain, Italy and Egypt. He will search for traces of alchemy.

DR. W. B. CANNON, professor of physiology at the Harvard Medical School, gave a Mayo Foundation lecture at the Mayo Clinic on June 20. His subject was "The effects of the emotions on the body."

J. D. SISLER, of the Pennsylvania Geological Survey, is spending the summer mapping the

geology of the Myersdale quadrangle in the southwestern part of the state, and M. E. Johnson visited the Tidioute oil pool in the northwest part of the state a few days ago and will shortly resume geologic mapping of the Pittsburgh quadrangle.

THE name of Dr. Keating Hart, who lived in Paris, is gazetted in the Journal Officiel on June 16 as having "deserved well of France and humanity." The order points out that he had specialized for twenty-five years in electrical and X-ray therapy, and had rendered great service in research work. During the war he showed the utmost contempt of danger while attending to the wounded under bombardment. Injured by exposure to X-rays he underwent two operations on his right hand, but nevertheless he continued his work until his death on January 25 of this year.

THE French Senate has unanimously voted 2,000,000 francs to observe the hundredth anniversary of the birth of Louis Pasteur, which will take place this year. The Senate in voting the appropriation described Pasteur as the "symbol of French science."

MORIZ WEINRICH, sugar expert, well-known in the beet, cane and refining industry throughout the world, died on July 15 in Rosendale, New York, after a brief illness, at the age of seventy-six years.

MR. ERNEST WILLIAM LYONS HOLT, chief inspector of Irish fisheries, died on June 10, at the age of fifty-seven years.

DR. JACQUES BERTILLON, who had charge of the bureau of statistics at Paris, in which position his father and grandfather had preceded him, has died at the age of seventy-five years.

A RECENT exploration of Palmyra Island, lying about 1,000 miles south of Hawaii, has resulted in a map and a large collection of zoological material, especially mollusca and crustacea, which go to enrich the collections of the Bishop Museum.

It is announced by Professor E. Perroncito, president of the Second International Congress of Comparative Pathology, that this congress, which was to have convened at Rome on September 20, 1922, has been postponed until