Canceler, 198. See chancellor.

Capellanus, 138. See priest.

Capetian court, 189.

Carolingian court, 187-88.
Carnifex. See butcher.

Cefi, ealdorbisceop at Edwin's court,

101-02.

Cellerarius, keeper of provisions, 132.
Chamberlain, an early Teutonic official,
124, 185; keeper of the king's
wardrobe, 128; terms used for, 128-
29; usually had colleagues, 129; or-
dinary functions of, 129-30; acted
as royal treasurer, 130, 132-33,
199; one of the chiefs of the house-
hold service, 136, 193-94; at the
Frankish court, 188, 189.
Chancellor, mentioned, 141, in the reign
of Edward the Confessor, 144; du-
ties of, 144; conclusions regarding,
145, 193-94, 196; at the Frankish
court, 188-89; at the Norse court,
192, 198.
Chancery, mentioned, 132; writs and
formulas of, 132, 198-99; uncer-
tainty as to first appearance of, in
England, 143; opinions of earlier
students regarding, 143-44; prob-
ably introduced from Normandy in
Ethelred's reign, 145, 196; at the
Frankish court, 187-90; at the
Norse court, 192, 198; at the Nor-
man-English court, 199.

Chapel, royal, reward for service in, 140-
42; developed into a chancery, 142-
43, 194; at the Carolingian court,
188; at the Norse court, 192, 198-
99.

Chaplain, king's, 137-43. See priest.
Charters, Old English, 64-65, 96, 109,
132, 142, 198-99; Norse, 198-99.
Christianity, effect of, on Old English
institutions, 94.

Classification of thegns in Cnut's laws,
102; of court servants in Eadred's
will, 125-184; of kingsmen in Nor-
way, 190.

Cnut's guard, 71, 159-71; thegns, 102;
priests, 139, 141; court, 146; in-
vading host, 156-58.

Comes, 77, 84-86. See gesith.

67, 77-78, 92; earliest princely
household among the Teutons, 76;
decline of, 81; nature of, 82-84;
members of, how rewarded, 86-87;
developed into a landed aristocracy,
87, 95-98; in its later form com-
posed of thegns, 89 ff; of Woden,
94; of Jom, 154-56; of house-
carles, 170.

Consiliarii, 183.
Conviva regis, 182-83.
Constable, Frankish, mentioned, 186; of-
fice of, suppressed, 189.
Constabularius, 151.
Continental influence on the Old English
court, 193-96.
Cook, king's, 181.
Councillors, king's, 183.
Count of the palace, at the Merovingian
court, 186; duties of, 187; disap-
pears from the Capetian court, 189;
no trace of, in the English sources,
194.

Dooms, Old English, 65–66.

187.

Drihten, warlord, 77.

Drott (drottinn, drottning), 76–77.

Drottseti, Norse seneschal, 191.

Duduc, king's priest, 141.

Falconer, king's, 176.

Familiares (famuli), 183.

Feorm, king's, 174.

eleventh centuries, 194-95.
Dysteyn, Welsh seneschal, 197.

Eadbald, king's prefect, 110.
Eadnoth, staller, 150, 151.
Eadred's will, 125.

Eadsie, king's priest, 141.
Eadsige, king's reeve, 114.
Eadwold, king's priest, 139.
Ealdorbisceop, chief priest at Edwin's
court, 101.

Ealdorman, not necessarily a shire-offi-
cial, 105-06; in the North-people's
Law, 114; mentioned in Eadred's
will, 125.

Ealdred, seneschal, 134.
Ealhstan, king's priest, 139.
Eastmund, pedisecus, 123.

Ecclesiastics at the Old English court,
137 ff.; at the Frankish court, 187-
89; at the imperial court, 190; at
the Norse court, 191-92.
Ecgulf, horse-thegn, 150, 176.
Eddas, 68, 153.

Fore-oath, employed at the gemot of

house-carles, 167.

Gazophylacium, king's treasury, 133.
Geneat, service owed by, 98; definition
of term, 182-83.

Gerefa, king's, 104 ff. See reeve.
Gesith, original meaning of term, 82;
a member of some comitatus,
82-84; becomes a land-owner, 85-
86; receives gifts from his lord, 86-
87; conclusions regarding, 87-88.
Gesiþcund, 85, 86, 90.
Gesi præden, 84.

Giso, king's priest, 141.

Godric, son of Godmannus, king's priest,

141.

Godwin's trial, 166-67.
Goldsmith, king's, 182.

Grimbald, king's priest, 138.

Grimkell, Norse court bishop, 148.

Guests (Gestir) of the Norse court, 173,
174, 190.

Gwesdva, food-rent, due to the Welsh
king, 174.

>

ing, 197.

Edmund Etheling, seneschals of, 118.
Edmund's household, members of, dwelt

in different shires, 99.

Ednod, dapifer, 135.

174.

Haligdom, king's treasures, 131, 133.
Hall-thegn, 3.

Heafod-weard, nature of, 98.

educated in

Normandy, 195-96;

court of, 196; festivities at court
of, 200; itinerary of, 200-01.
Edward the Elder's attitude toward ec-
clesiastics, 96, 138-39.

of 94-95.

High-reeve, earliest mention of, in the
sources, 113–14; significance of term
as used in the tenth century docu-
ments, 114-15; conclusions regard-
ing, 116.

Hird, term derived from Anglo-Saxon
hired, 197.

Hudbiskup, chief priest at the Norse

Norse king, 192.

Hirðskraa, Norse court law, 148.

Hirostefna, gemot of the hirdmenn, 165-

66.

Historians, modern, 73-75.

Histories, chronicles, and blographies,
70-73.

Hoard, king's, character of, 130-31;
guarded by the chamberlain, 133.
Hoarder (hordere), significance of the
term as used in the sources, 131-
32; not a court official, 132.
Homilies, Anglo-Saxon, 70.
Hornklofi, Harold Fairhair's minstrel,
157.

Horse-thegn, not the equivalent of stal-

ler, 146; one of the lesser court offi-
cials, 150; office of, 176, 178.
Horswealh, not of the royal stable serv-
ice, 176-77; conclusions regarding,
177-78.

Hospites, servants at the Welsh court,
175.

House-carle-gemot. See huskarle steffne.
House-carles, Cnut's guard of, 71, 152-

71, 196; earliest appearance of,
152; meaning of term, 153;
Munch's opinion regarding, 156; of
Norse origin, 157-58; guild of, when
established in England, 158-59;
laws governing, 159-63; were mer-
cenary troops, 163-64; gemot of,
165-67; number of, 16-68; final
fate of guild of, 168-69; summary
of conclusions regarding, 170-71; of
the Norse court, 190.
Hrægel-weard (rail-thegn). keeper of
the king's wardrobe, 128.
Hugelinus (Hugo), chamberlain, 129,
133.

Hundred, opinions of Adams, Hilde-

brand, and Steenstrup regarding
106-07; not the equivalent of re-
gio, 107.
Huskarlesteffne, gemot of house-carles

for settling disputes arising within
the guild, 159; evidence for, in the
Chronicle, 165-67; probably contin-
ued in the curia regis, 203.

Imperial household, 189-90.
Infertor, seneschal, 185-86, 188.
Influence of the Old English court on

the court of Wales, 196-97; of Nor-
way, 197-99; of the Norman Con-
queror, 199 fr.

01.

John, king's priest, 138.
Jomvikings, 154-57.

Kanceler, Norse, 198.

Kertisveinar, candle-bearers at the court
of Norway, 190.
King's council, 101-03.
agemot.

See witen-

King's daughters, position of, at court,
118.

King's household, 63, 70, 91-92, 94, 99,
100-103, 108, 125-27, 137, 139-40,
146, 165-66, 172-74, 186-88, 191
ff. et passim. See Alfred, Ethel-
stan, Anglo-Saxon, Capetian, Caro-
lingian, Cnut, Edmund, Edward the
Confessor, Edwin, Merovingian,
Norman-English, Northumbrian and
Saint Olaf.

King's vill, 108, 190.

Kola, king's high-reeve, 114-15.
Kynsige, king's priest, 141.

Land-dues of thegns and geneats, 98-
100.

Laws, Old English, 65-66, 69-70 ;,
Norse. 148, 162.
Lay of Righ, quoted, 77-78.
Lesser officials and servants of the

king's household, 172 ff.; steward,
172-75; huntsmen and falconers,
175-76; horse thegns and 'hors-
wealhs', 176-178; sword-bearers,
178-79 standard-bearers, 179-80;
preceptors, almoners, door-wards,
cooks, bakers, mead-makers, prae-
visores, butchers, physicians,
smiths, goldsmiths and wagon-mak-
ers, 181-82. See also p. 196.
Leofric, king's priest and chancellor,
141, 144.

Lifing (Leofing), staller, 135, 151.
Litsmen, naval troops, 168-69.
Liudhard, queen's chaplain, 137.

Magister calicum, chief butler, 126.
Major domus, Merovingian, 111, 112,
118-19, 186-88, 192; officer corre-
sponding most nearly to, in Eng-
land, 118-19, 149, 194.