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OF TRIALS FOR CRIMES.

The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall have been committed; when not committed within any state, the trial shall be at such place or places as the congress may by law have directed.

OF TREASON.

SECTION 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort.

No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court.

The congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted.

ARTICLE IV.

SEC. 1. Credit in one state to the public acts, &c., of another.

2. Reciprocity of citizens.

Criminals flying from one state to another, to be delivered up on demand.
Fugitives to be delivered up.

3. New states may be admitted into the Union, &c.

Congress to have power over territory, &c.

4. Republican form of government guaranteed to each state, &c.

STATE ACTS.

SECTION 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings, of every other state. And the congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records and proceedings shall be proved, and the effects thereof.

PRIVILEGES OF CITIZENS.

SECTION 2. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states.

A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice and be found in another state, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the state having jurisdiction of the crime."

FUGITIVES TO BE DELIVERED UP.

No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due.

NEW STATES.

SECTION 3. New states may be admitted by the congress into the union; but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, or parts of states, without the consent of the legislatures of the states concerned as well as of the congress.

TERRITORIAL AND OTHER PROPERTY.

The congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular state.

SECTION. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and, on appplication of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened,) against domestic violence.

ARTICLE V.

Mode of amending this Constitution.

AMENDMENTS.

The congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this constitution, or, on the application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several states, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the congress; provided that

no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thou sand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article: and that no state, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the senate.

ARTICLE VI.

DEBTS.

Assumption of former debts.

This constitution, &c., the supreme law: the state judges bound thereby.
Certain officers to take oath to support constitution.

No religious test.

All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this constitution, as under the confederation.

SUPREME LAW OF THE LAND.

This constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding.

OATH.-NO RELIGIOUS TEST.

The senators and representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several state legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound, by oath or affirmation, to support this constitution: but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States.

ARTICLE VIL

RATIFICATION.

The ratification of the conventions of nine states shall be sufficient for the establishment of this constitution between the states so ratifying the same.

Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the states present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the independence of the United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed

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AMENDMENTS

TO THE

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.

ART. 1. Restriction on the power of congress. 2. Rights of the people to bear arms, &c.

3. Quartering of soldiers, &c.

4. Search warrants.

5. Proceedings against persons charged with crimes. Their rights.

6. Further rights.

7. Rights of trial by jury.

8. Excessive bail, &c.

9. Construction of constitution.

10. Powers reserved to the states.

11. Restriction of judicial powers.

12. Mode of electing the president and vice president of the United States.

FREE EXERCISE OF RELIGION.

ARTICLE I. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

RIGHT TO BEAR ARMS.

ARTICLE II. A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.

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