CHAPTER V.

PAGE

Canada and Lord Dufferin-Australia-Queensland-New Zealand-New

South Wales-Convention with Egypt-Treaty with Dahomey-Trade-

Review of the Year-Church and State-Political History of the autumn

-Mr. Gladstone in Ireland-Lord Hartington in Scotland-Liberalism

of the Scotch Universities-Mr. Bright and Mr. Chamberlain-Speeches

of Ministers-The Queen's visit to Lord Beaconsfield-Summoning of

Parliament-Opinions of the Press

. [107

FOREIGN HISTORY.

CHAPTER I.

FRANCE.-Position of France-Threatened Conflict between the Chambers-

M. Jules Simon's Measures-Census of the Population of Paris-Difficul-

ties of Parliamentary Government in France-Death of General Chan-

garnier-M. Jules Simon's Policy-The President's Letter to the Prime

Minister, May 16-M. Jules Simon resigns-The New Ministry-Marshal

MacMahon's position-Meeting of Republican Deputies-Their Declara-

tion-M. Gambetta's Speech in the Chamber of Deputies-The President's

Message Prorogation of the Chambers-Republican Manifesto-Govern-

ment Measures-Marshal MacMahon's Declaration .

CHAPTER II.

Reopening of the Chambers-The President's Message-Debate upon the

Ministry-Dissolution of the Chamber-Death of M. Thiers-Its Political

Importance-M. Thiers' Funeral-Marshal MacMahon's Tour-His Mani-

festo Official Decrees-Death of M. Le Verrier

CHAPTER III.

M. Thiers' Posthumous Address-The Elections-Marshal MacMahon's

Second Manifesto-Electoral Addresses-Result of the Elections-

Opening of the New Chamber-M. Albert Grévy's Resolution-Debate

on the Resolution-The Resolution carried-The Senate interpellate

the Government-Government Triumph in the Senate-The De Broglie

Ministry resign the New Ministry-The Chamber will hold no relations

with them-The Duc d'Audiffret Pasquier warns the President-Submis-

sion of Marshal MacMahon-He takes a Moderate Republican Ministry—

Marshal MacMahon's Message-Termination of the Crisis

CHAPTER IV.

TURKEY AND THE RUSSO-TURKISH WAR.-The latter sittings of the Con-

ference Policy of the European Plenipotentiaries-Policy of the Turkish

Ministers The Turkish Grand Council-Its rejection of the policy pro-

posed by the Conference-Breaking up of the Conference--The Turkish

Circular Note-Fall of Midhat Pasha-New Turkish Ministry-Opening

of the Ottoman Parliament-New phase of the Eastern Question-Russian

Circular Note-Final Protocol presented by the Powers to Turkey-

Turkey's Refusal to accede to the Demands of Europe-Ottoman Circular

Note

[129

[139

[153

[167

CHAPTER V.

TURKEY AND THE RUSSO-TURKISH WAR (continued).-Russia's View of

her Mission-Imperial Manifesto, April 24-Prince Gortschakoff's Note

-Invasion of Turkey by Russia, April 24-Protest of the Ottoman Go-

vernment-Lord Derby's Despatch-The Ottoman Empire - Russian

Army of the Caucasus Turkish Army on the Asiatic frontier-Salient

Events of the commencement of the Campaign in Asia-In Europe the

Russians cross the Pruth, April 24-The Rival Forces-Blowing up of

Turkish Monitors-The Russians cross the Danube-The Emperor's Procla-

mation-Capture of Tirnova and Nicopolis-Reception of the Grand

Duke Nicholas at Tirnova-General Gourko crosses the Balkans into

Roumelia Collapse of the Russian Campaign in Armenia-The Campaign

in Bulgaria-Disastrous Actions before Plevna-Repulse of General

Gourko's Force at Eski-Sagra-Conflicts in the Shipka Pass-The Capture

of Loftcha-Osman Pasha's attack on the Russian left centre-His Defeat

-Desperate assaults on the Turkish positions at Plevna by the Russian

and Roumanian forces-Suleiman Pasha's renewed assault on Mount St.

Nicholas Shipka Pass-Battles on the Lom-Great Russian Victory in

Armenia - Mukhtar Pasha's Army defeated-Battle of Kupri Koi-Col-

lapse of Turkish defence in Asia-Fall of Kars-Investment of Plevna-

Battle of Dolmy Dubnik-Other Russian successes-Favourable turn to

the Turkish defence of Europe-Turkish Victory of Elena-Fall of

Plevna-Development of Russia's strength in Bulgaria-Exhaustion of

Turkey Turkey's Circular Note inviting the Mediation of the European

Powers-Opening of the Second Session of the Turkish Parliament-

Atrocities

PAGE

. [185

CHAPTER VI.

GERMANY.-Military Anniversary-Opening of the Prussian Diet-Finan-

cial Statements-The Krupp gun-Elections for the German Parliament

-Catholic Decisions- Opening of the German Parliament-Speech

from the Throne Prince Bismarck's Speeches-M. Besançon's Speech

-Anniversary of the Emperor's Birthday-The Chancellor Crisis-The

Emperor's Visit to Alsace-Lorraine-Old Catholic Synod-Growth of

Socialism-The Autumn Manoeuvres-The 'Kaiser Week' at Düsseldorf

-Population and Religious Statistics-Opening of the Prussian Diet,

Oct. 21-Speech from the Throne-Budget Debate upon Municipal Re-

form-Ministerial Explanations-Loan Bill-The Emperor's Visit to

Silesia-Death of F.-M. Count Wrangel-His Funeral-Death of General

Canstein Debate on Worship and Education-A Second Chancellor

Crisis-Dr. Petri's Speech-Germany as a Naval Power. AUSTRIA.-Aus-

tria's Policy on the Eastern Question-Feeling amongst the People-The

Magyars-The People of the South-West-Demonstrations and Addresses

-Kossuth on the Eastern Question-Statements of the Ministers-Presi-

dents-Position and Policy of Austro-Hungary-Public Feeling-Austria

decides on Mobilisation-Meeting of the Emperors-Herr Tisza on Aus-

tria's Eastern Policy-Status of the Old Catholics-Financial Position

of Hungary-Count Andrassy on Austria's Eastern Policy-Debate on

Foreign Affairs .
. [205

CHAPTER VII.

ITALY.-Roman Catholicism and the Eastern Question-The Health of the

Pope-Clerical Abuses Bill-The Papal Allocution-Ministerial Reply-

The Financial Statement-Papal Rejoinder to the Ministerial Reply-

The Pope's epileptoid fits-Clerical Abuses Bill rejected by the Senate

-Election of a Pope-Jubilee of Pius IX.-Anniversary of the Italian

Constitution-Antonelli Lawsuit-The Lancet on the Pope's health-

Ministerial Crisis-The New Cabinet. SPAIN.-Political Prospect-Royal

Journey-The King on board the English Fleet-The Budget-A Bull

Fight The Cuban Insurrection-The Basque Provinces-The King's En-

gagement to the Princess Mercèdes

[228

CHAPTER VIII.

RUSSIA. Condition of Russia during 1877-Old and New Règime-Indus-

trial and Financial History-The Budget-Russia makes the Protocol an

Ultimatum-The Czar at Kischeneff-Russia's Policy-The Army and

Navy-Military System Remodelled-The Grand Duke Nicholas Russian

Officers-Skobeleff-Todleben-Gourko-The Metropolitan of Kischeneff

and the Czar-Addresses to the Czar-Popular Sentiment in Russia-A

War Party and a Peace Party-The Emperor's return to St. Petersburg.

SERVIA and the Porte.-Peace of March 1877-Prince Milan's Proclama-

tion-Servia's Policy-Servia and the War-Servia declares War, De-

cember 1877-Movements of the Servian troops

CHAPTER IX.

GREECE.-Excitement in Greece-The Government and the People-Greek

Provinces of Turkey-Change of Ministers-A Coalition Cabinet-Its

Policy-Lord Derby and the Greek Government-Death of Canaris-His

Character. EGYPT.-Interests and Policy of the Viceroy-Its Relations

with Turkey-Colonel Gordon-His Policy-Employment of Foreigners-

Egypt and Abyssinia-The Egyptian Contingent-Its Departure-Its

Unfair Treatment-The Suez Canal-Prince Hassan-Report of the Public

Debt Commissioners. HOLLAND.-Funeral of the Queen-The Budget-

The New Cabinet. BELGIUM.-The Rubens' Festival-Congress of So-

cialists-Opening of the Chambers. DENMARK.-The Crown and the

Folkething-Temporary Finance Law-Autumn Races-State Trial-

Battle of the Budget-Termination of the Crisis. NORWAY.-Its Mer-

cantile Fleet

PAGE

[244

[263

CHAPTER X.

UNITED STATES.-Disputed Presidential Election-Electoral Commission-

Hayes declared President-Inauguration of the President-His Address-

Policy of Conciliation - The Cabinet-Federal Troops withdrawn from

the South-Conflicts with the Indians-Negro Population of the Southern

States Commercial and Industrial Depression-Railway Strikes and

Riots-Civil Service Reform-President Hayes in Vermont-Mr. Sher-

man's Speech-President Hayes in the South-United States' Embassy to

the Sioux Chief-Remonetisation of the Silver Bill-Repeal of the

Resumption Act-Anomalies of Presidential Government-The Presi-

dent's National Policy-President Hayes' First Annual Message-Award

of Fishery Commission-The Mormons-Execution of Lee-Death of

Brigham Young-United States and Mexico. SOUTH AMERICA.-Earth-

quakes, Floods, and Famine. MADAGASCAR.-Abolition of Slavery.

CHINA. Foreign Trade with the Treaty Ports-Opening of three more

Towns to Foreign Commerce-Famine in the Northern Provinces-Floods

in the South of China. JAPAN.-Imperial Government and the Daimios

-The Prince of Satsuma-Retrospect of Japanese History-Clan of Sat-

suma-Insurrection in Satsuma-Causes of Complaint-The Budget-

Army and Navy of Japan

[278

RETROSPECT OF LITERATURE, ART, AND SCIENCE

[303

PART II.

CHRONICLE OF REMARKABLE OCCURRENCES.

January.

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October .

November

December

OBITUARY OF EMINENT PERSONS.

Mr. A. Bain-Rev. R. Cobbold-Captain J. E. Davis-Right Hon. P. Erle-

Viscount Gage-Commander J. Hall-Mr. R. Landels-Mr. T. Lewin-

Lord Milton-Admiral Sir Fairfax Moresby-Capt. W. J. Scudamore-

Mr. A. Smee-Sir R. Wesley-Sir H. W. Baker-Earl of Bandon—Admiral

Sir Augus. Clifford-Sir Wm. Fergusson-Sir John Fordyce-Sir Wm.

Hamilton-Mr. John Lakin-Mr. Macnamara-Mr. James Merry-Mr. J.

Oxenford-Lady Smith-Mr. W. Bagehot-Admiral Sir E. Belcher-Mr.

John S. Bowerbank-Mrs. Chisholm-Mr. Cowden Clarke-Colonel Digby

-Sir David Dundas-Field-Marshal Sir J. F. Fitzgerald-Dr. Michell-

Mr. George Odger-General Juan Manuel de Rosas-Mrs. Nassau Senior-

Hon. W. Ashley-Mr. V. Bromley-Lieut.-Colonel C. H. Spencer-Churchill

Mrs. Cobden-Lieut.-General Sir B. Cuppage-Mr. Halliday-Countess

of Lucan-Sir D. Monro-Major-General J. Pottinger-Lord Sudeley-

Thomas L. Smith, C.B.-Mr. F. W. Topham-General W. Wylde-Mr. T.

J. Arnold-Marshal Cabrera-Mr. W. Coulson- Lord Erskine - Mr.

Hoare Lady Lothian-Admiral Sir S. Lushington-Mr. Motley-Earl of

Orkney-Rev. Dr. Horatio Powys-Sir J. P. Kay-Shuttleworth Sir John

S. C. Stepney-Earl of Shrewsbury-Mr. David Urquhart-Mr. Morgan

Vane Mr. Weekes, R.A.-Sir W. L. Griffies-Williams-Sir Digby Wyatt

-Mr. Charles S. Whitmore-Mr. W. E. L. Bulwer-Mr. John Bailey-

Miss Mary Carpenter-Mr. George Cooper-Mr. W. E. Frost-Queen of

Holland Viscount Canterbury-Louis III., Grand Duke of Hesse Darm-

stadt-Lieut.-General Sir H. James-Mr. G. C. Legh--Major-General

Le Fleming-Major-General Lake-Sir George Mellish-Right Hon. R.

A. Christopher-Nisbet-Hamilton-Admiral Rous-Lady Stirling-Maxwell

--Professor Tholuck-Mr. H. Wilson, F.R.C.S.-General Sir George Bell-

Lord de Clifford-Sir F. F. Echlin-Lord Grantley-Lord Headley-Right

Hon. George Ward Hunt-Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy-Mr. H. Merritt-

Mr. D. R. Morier-Mr. J. C. Marshman-Mr. J. L. Sandford-Major-General

R. N. Tinley Mr. S. Warren, Q.C.-Dr. Conneau-Major A. Chisholm-

Admiral Sir H. J. Codrington--Mr. George Loch, Q.C.-Mr. William Long-

man-Mr. W. Lovett-Mr. G. Marsh (Virginia Gabriel)-Mr. R. D. Mangles

-Mr. Danby Seymour, Q.C.-Brigham Young--Admiral Canaris-Mr.

Henry Compton-Colonel R. P. Dawson-Count D'Alton-Major-General

F. M. Eardley-Wilmot-Rev. Dr. T. Geldart-Countess of Oxford and

Mortimer Queen Pomaré-Countess Spencer-Mr. Fox Talbot-M. Thiers

-M. le Verrier-Mr. W. Willis-Colonel A. Anson-Major-General Barrow

-Mr. Durham-Mr. R. S. Ellis-Hon. Mrs. Greville-Howard-Earl of St.

Germans-Miss J. Kavanagh-Bishop Moriarty-Mdlle. Theresa Titiens

a

OBITUARY-continued.

-M. Laufrey-General Lord H. H. M. Percy-General Field-Marshal

Count von Wrangel-Lieut.-General A. C. Bentinck-Archdeacon Clarke

-Mr. F. Hawkins, M.D.-Lord Middleton-Rev. Capel Molyneux-Rev.

Canon Mozley-Marchioness of Northampton-Mr. Sydney Smirke-Mr.

Edward Weld-Mr. R. N. Wornum

PAGE

133

CIRCULAR OF PRINCE GORTCHAKOW, AND CORRESPONDENCE

RESPECTING THE PROTOCOL ON THE AFFAIRS OF TURKEY.

PROTOCOL RELATIVE TO THE AFFAIRS OF TURKEY.

DESPATCH FROM THE TURKISH GOVERNMENT ON THE PROTO-

COL OF MARCH 31, 1877

CIRCULAR FROM PRINCE GORTCHAKOW, AND REPLY OF HER

MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT

NAVAL ENGAGEMENT BETWEEN H.M.S. SHAH' AND

THYST AND THE 'HUASCAR'

'AME-

207

210

212

216

REPORT FROM THE SELECT COMMITTEE APPOINTED TO INQUIRE

AND REPORT UPON THE PETITION OF LORD COCHRANE TO

HER MAJESTY

.

224

CODE (1878) OF MINUTES OF THE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FINANCE ACCOUNTS:

228