states or cities, as a pledge of Christian joy and hope of Heaven. Henry VI., Henry VIII., and Queen Mary his daughter, are among the crowned heads who have received it."Hettinger, Dante's Divina Commedia,

Bowden's translation, p. 220.

In the Tablet of Oct. 6, 1888, there is a learned and interesting paper on the golden rose. I have also a note that the golden rose is mentioned in Dr. Ludwig Pastor's Lives of Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages,' edited by F. J. Antrobus, vol. i. p. 220.

·

As I am writing concerning the symbolism of the rose, I am reminded to ask where the following passage occurs: "Quæ est ista, speciosa sicut columba quasi rosa plantata super rivos aquarum.' ASTARTE.

It should, in fairness, be mentioned that for most of her interesting antiquarian statements, MRS. C. A. WHITE is indebted to an article on the same subject by the learned and venerable founder of N. & Q.,' MR. W. J. THOMS, published in the first volume of the Shilling Magazine. E. WALFORD, M.A.

Ventnor. On Rose Sunday, it may be noted, in addition to the blessing of the golden rose by the Pope, vestments of a rose colour, or reddish brown, are worn by the officiants at high mass, instead of the purple vestments ordinarily used in Lent. The deacon and sub-deacon of the mass also wear dalmatics, flowers are allowed, and the organ may be played at mass and office, all of which are prohibited on other Lenten Sundays. The same relaxations are permitted on the third Sunday in Advent, sometimes called Rose Sunday in Advent.

St. Andrews, N.B.

GEORGE ANGUS.

ROBERT MONTGOMERY MARTIN (8th S. iii. 408). -There is an account of this author and his voluminous writings to be found in Allibone's 'Dictionary,' but neither the date of his birth or death is inserted. His first production is dated 1832. He wrote chiefly upon the colonies and colonial life, and very high praise is awarded to his writings in several leading periodicals which are mentioned. In the Cradle of the Twin Giants Science and History' (vol. ii. p. 117), by the Rev. Henry Christmas, M.A., a remarkable story is quoted of the discovery of a murder in New South Wales by a spectral appearance. This is said to be taken from the History of Australia,' p. 130, by Mr. Montgomery Martin, and Mr. Christmas calls it one of the latest and one of the best of stories concerning crimes discovered by apparitions. JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.

Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

19

I am surprised that it is not intended to include Martin's name in the 'Dict. of Nat. Biography' (see Athen., April, 1891, p. 536), considering that,

in addition to the two works named by the British Vice-consul at Ciaudad Bolivar, he was the author of Ireland Past and Present,' 'Statistics of the British Colonies,' Taxation of the British Empire,' China, Political, Commerical, &c.,' 2 vols., History of Eastern India,' 3 vols.,' Hudson's Bay Territories and Vancouver's Island,' 'State of the Tea Trade in England,' and many others. No notice of his death has appeared in the Athenæum.

71, Brecknock Road.

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

See 'Men of the Time,' ed. 1868. I fancy that his life was not prosperous. E. H. M. Hastings.

HOW TO REMOVE VARNISH (8th S. iii. 428).French polish is a kind of varnish, as it is shellac dissolved in spirits of wine; and all varnishes are solutions of resin of some kind in oil, turpentine kind of varnish; wood naphtha will do it more or alcohol. Hence spirits of wine will remove any readily, but its smell is very offensive. Methylated spirits of wine is spirits of wine with a little wood naphtha added, to make it undrinkable, to save duty. L. L. K.

H. M. LL. might try with chloroform. HAROLD MALET, Colonel.

THE CEPHISUS and the Ilissus (8th S. iii. 303, 396). It can scarcely be doubted that in the passage of The Excursion' Wordsworth meant the Athenian Cephisus. But MR. BOUCHIER may take comfort. It has but a short course. A walk of eight miles or so would take the votary and his father to the head waters; and there they might find a "crystal lymph," not yet vaseuse," to "refresh the lip." The Phocian Cephisus is largely most glorious springs of bursting pellucid water, fed by, if it may not be said to find its source in, two called now-a-days ano- and kato-Agoriani, which

66

come forth from the west side of Parnassus. How Wordsworth would have rejoiced in them! "Fies nobilium tu quoque fontium," he might have said, if he had seen them. However, the outlets of Parnassian water have been changed, I believe, in the course of time by the action of earthquakes. If Apollo were now to visit Delphi, so far from laving his loosened locks in the pure dew of Castalia, he would scarce find enough to wet his toothbrush. He would surely be off to the Agoriani springs. C. B. MOUNT.

VAUGHAN AND Dodwell (8th S. i. 209, 453).— Doubtless R. D. has seen the extracts from the parish registers of Shottesbrooke, in Berkshire, printed in the Genealogist, vol. vii., giving at least four generations of the Dod well family. Can R. D. say where Henry Dodwell was born in 1641? There appear to have been families of Dodwell in the county Roscommon, at Sevenhampton, Dowdes

early date. The oldest in the district_the_writer has undertaken to illustrate is that of John Huntington, Warden of Manchester, which yet exists in the cathedral. He is vested in his canon's robes, and this brass is, on that account, of especial interest, as it shows how secular canons were vested when in choir at a period (1458) nearly a hundred years before the Reformation.

The latest brass Mr. Thornely has figured is that of Ralph Assheton, of Middleton, dated 1650. He was an officer in the service of the Parliament during the Civil War, and is represented in his armour of plate and jackboots as he rode forth to battle. His commander's baton is in his hand and his sword supported by a very long belt. We should conjecture from the pose of the figure that it is an exact copy of a full-length portrait painted during life.

A History of Crustacea. By the Rev. Thomas R. R. Stebbing, M.A. (Kegan Paul & Co.) THE volume before us forms the seventy-fourth of the "International Scientific Series," with some of which it may safely be assumed that all readers interested in any part of natural science are well acquainted. The present (if we may be pardoned for a small pleasantry) is on rather a crabbed subject, but it is treated in a way which speaks well for the choice of the hand to which it has been entrusted. Probably none but adepts have much idea of how extensive the whole subject is, so that only a portion could be adequately discussed in a volume of the size of those in this series. Dr. Henry Woodward, of the British Museum, had intended to publish therein a history of recent and fossil crustacea, but has been compelled to postpone it from the continual pressure of other engagements. The results of his unrivalled knowledge of the extinct forms will probably at some future time be given to the public, and the materials which he had collected relating to the characters of the living organisms are in reserve for a future volume. Mean time, the portion of the subject dealt with in the present was by his express desire entrusted to Mr. Stebbing. It relates to the sub-class Malacostraca (a Greek word meaning soft-shelled animals), which includes those crustaceans which are highest in development and of most direct value to mankind. Their structure and habits are described in a way which cannot fail to inspire an interest in their study; and the value of the volume is greatly increased by the excellence of the illustrations.

Epochs of American History.-Division and_Reunion, 1829-1889. By Woodrow Wilson, Ph.D., LL.D. (Long. mans, Green & Co.)

THIS useful series of text-books, edited by Professor Hart of Harvard College, contains in brief compass an epitome of American history from 1492. The third and concluding volume, written by Dr. Woodrow Wilson, Professor of Jurisprudence in Princeton University, brings down the narrative to the end of President Cleve land's first administration in 1889. It is well printed and carefully indexed. To the student who desires to extend his inquiries on any particular topic the bibliographies which are attached to the several divisions of the book will be exceedingly useful. Though apparently intended for the use of American schools, the average Englishman, who has but a vague idea of American history, will learn much by perusing it.

Nevill Simmons, Bookseller and Publisher. With Notices of Literature connected with Old Sheffield. By George Hester. (Sheffield, Leader & Sons; London, Stock.)

MR. HESTER seems to demonstrate that there were two Nevill Simmonses who were publishers. There was one

at Kidderminster and another at Sheffield. As we can trace them for more than half a century, it is almost certain that they were not the same. We also meet with a printer of this name in 1670, whose place of business was the Three Crowns at Holborn Conduit. Mr. Hester gives several interesting bibliographical notices of these Puritan booksellers, who certainly knew Richard Baxter and who may well have come in contact with Milton. What we are about to say has little relation to the subject, but Mr. Hester's interesting pages have suggested to us how usefully some local antiquary would be employed who gave us a Sheffield bibliography. Most of the early Sheffield books are, we have been told, in the Hailstone collection in the library of York Minster.

WE have received the first volume of the Calendar of Letters and State Papers relating to English Affairs preserved in the great Spanish record repository_at Simancas, issued by Her Majesty's Stationery Office under the direction of the Master of the Rolls. Mr. Martin A. 8. Hume is the editor. Few volumes of this abstracts leave little or nothing to be desired; they are great series show more careful workmanship. The sufficiently full to satisfy the demands of all but the most exigent antiquaries. The period covered is a most important one (1558-1567). Religious hatred had then arisen to boiling point. There was not a Christian land in which torture and death were not dealt out with lavish prodigality to those who held forms of faith not accepted by the ruling powers. As has been remarked before, every one with serious convictions on matters of faith at once looked around to find some one whom he might burn for contradicting them. Few persons, we imagine, will read the volume through from cover to cover; but there is no one who takes serious interest in Elizabethan history who will not find therein much that will interest

him.

WE learn that Mr. de V. Payen-Payne is about to publish through Messrs. Nutt a work on French Idioms and Proverbs,' as a companion to Prof. Deshumbert's Dictionary of Difficulties.'

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