LONDON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 27, 1888. CONTENTS.-N° 148. NOTES:-The Vine in England, 321-Scotch Mining Terms, 322-Yorkshire Field-names, 323-Charles I.-Milton-Oral Tradition-The Plague of London, 324-Aerolite-Letter of Hook-Coin of Charles X.-Robert Wyer, 325-Scotch Superstition-Turtle for Tortoise-Wooden Walls-Chaucer's 'Balade of Gentilnesse'-"To Malinger," 326. QUERIES:-Names in De Banco Roll-Englefield Baronetcy -Sailors-Poison-Genealogical-Oil Painting, 327-Name Wanted-"A standing joke"-Tailed Africans-Don Saltero's Coffee-House-Metz-Dicey-Defender of the FaithSaunder Family-Stars and Stripes-Yorkshire Expressions, 328-Indian Pale Ale-Brewe, a Bird-Charles Blair-The Hunt is Up-Inscription in a Scotch (?) Abbot's House Elsibeth Players-Authors Wanted, 329. REPLIES:-The Great Cryptogram, 329-Old Ships-Walpole Collection-Parliament of 1571-England reproduced "Cousin" for "Niece" Roke-Heraldic-Rutland House in America, 330-Worsen-Cromwell and Carlisle Cathedral -Earldom of Carrick, 331-Railway Tickets - Wild "Familiarity breeds contempt "-Wallace's 'Shakespearean Sketches American Notes and Queries-Ritson-Damant Family, 332-Greenhay - Cerago: Ceramic: Cerberus Epitaph-Employ-English and Scottish Correspondence, 333-Arms of Cities and Towns-A Highlander's PromiseEdward Williams-Rowlandson, 334-Ancient Toilet Table -Piastre-Portraits of Penn, 335-Eclipses-Dorchester Will-Fufty-Belgian Custom-Idiot, 336-Posts at Cross Roads-Diversions of Bruxelles-Sully-Champaigne Miss Foote-William Pitt, 337-Lord Archibald HamiltonDollars-Friar's Lanthorn, 338-Authors Wanted, 339. NOTES ON BOOKS:-'Byegones relating to Wales and the Border Counties-Brierley's Cymru Fu'-Rye's L'Estrange's Calendar of the Freemen of Norwich'-Wotton's Word Portraits of Famous Writers'-Buckley and Madan's 'Brasenose Calendar.' Notes. THE VINE IN ENGLAND. In the interesting tract entitled 'Oxoniensis in Anglia Descriptio,' by N. Fitzherbert, chaplain to Cardinal Allen, published at Rome in 1602 and recently reprinted for the Oxford Historical Society, I find the following: "Solum ipsum multis olim in locis vineis abundabat; nunc vite, nisi umbræ et delectationis gratia (rarò enim neglecta maturescit), penitus caret; olea itidem et similibus, quæ sunt regionibus calidis, et magis tranquillis propria." assertion; and in a more recent and eminently In the valuable work by Sir Henry Ellis on the Domesday Survey there are several pages respecting the culture of the vine in this country at the Conquest (vol. i. pp. 116-121). The conclusion drawn is that wine of native growth was formerly used in England, but could not have been produced in quantities sufficient for the consumption of the inhabitants; and "its inferiority was probably the reason for its having been supplanted by foreign produce." Sir H. Ellis brings together nearly all the authorities for the existence of vineyards in early England. But he omits some, e. g.:— of Manorbeer, the place of his birth, that it posGiraldus Cambrensis, who asserts of the castle sessed a "pomerium quoque perpulchrum ab eodem latere, hinc vivario, inde nemore conclusum." The English translation (Hoare and also Wright) renders vivario by vineyard, which will hardly bear that meaning. Perhaps the real word is vitiario; but it is noticeable that in a subsequent sentence Giraldus implies that wine came from abroad, "Terra triticea, piscibus marinis, vinoque venali copiose referta." In the appendix to the same author's 'Vita S. of S. Hugo is given, in which he provides out of Hugonis Lincoln.' (Dimock's edition, 1877), the will his vineyards for the settlement of his debts. would seem to be in Vopiscus (Vita Probi Emp. The earliest reference to vineyards in England tannis ut vites haberent vinumque conficerent." XVIII."), "Gallis Omnibus et Hispanis ac Bri It is worthy of remark that the emperors of Italian birth discouraged the cultivation of the vine out of Italy. Probus was a Pannonian, and to Vopiscus, quoted above. This would be about after his conquests he issued the edict, according A.D. 280. Bede ('H. E.,' i. 1) refers to the culture of the vine in England thus: "Vineas quibusdam in locis germinans." This occurs in a general description of English productions. Is there any sufficient evidence of the cultivation of the vine and of wine-making in this country? Would the decline of the vine be due to the destruction of the monasteries? The Abbot of Westminster must have possessed a vineyard, which has left its name in Vine Street, just as his orchard A vineyard at Smithfield is mentioned in Rymer's has left its name in Orchard Street in my neigh-Foedera, vol. i. p. 17; and in the 'Historia' of Henry of Huntingdon, i. 6, we read, "Vineæ fertilis est sed raro." bourhood. In the valuable treatise of Clement Hoare, 'On the Cultivation of the Vine on Open Walls,' it is asserted that "history amply proves that, for a long series of ages, vineyards were very common in the southern parts of England, and that the quantity of wine produced from them was so great as to be considered one of the staple products of the land."-P. 4. No evidence, however, is given to support this It is open to question, however, whether some of these "vineyards" were not orchards, and whether when vinum is mentioned in old writers it may not have a wider sense than the true juice of the grape, as oivos had in Greek. That our Anglo-Saxon ancestors drank but little wine is clear from Elfric's 'Colloquy' (Mayer's edition), written in the tenth century: "Quis bibis? Cervisiam, si habes, vel aquam si non habeo cervisiam. Nonne bibis vinum? Non sum tam dives ut possim emere mihi vinum; el vinum not est potus puerorum sive stultorum, sed senum et sapientum." A writer in the Quarterly Review, vol. lxvi. p. 50, declares that "the Normans called the Isle of Ely the Isle of Vines; and its bishop soon after the Conquest appears to have received tithe of wine to the amount of three or four tuns annually." No authorities are given. I should much like to know the sources of these statements. The vineyard attached to the Bishop of Ely's London house is thus referred to in Betham's "History of Ely Cathedral,' vol. i. p. 157. In 1327 "It is probable that the summer of the thirteenth century, and for some generations later, was better than that of modern experience. Wheat was grown much farther north than in the eighteenth century. Vineyards are found in Norfolk, and wine made from English grapes is sold at a price not much less than that given for ordinary Bordeaux. There are traditions of similar plantations over many of the southern counties. In the fifteenth century wine was made in Devonshire, and in the sixteenth, after the dissolution of the monasteries, a vineyard of five acres scheduled as part of the possessions of Barking nunnery." This subject is partially discussed in Archaologia, vol. iii.; and in 'N. & Q.,' 5th S. xi. 185, 256; xii. 55, 172, 397; 6th S. i. 45; vi. 389; vii. 56. Emanuel Hospital, Westminster. J. MASKELL. SCOTCH MINING TERMS. (Concluded from p. 265.) This closing instalment deals with certain words which are chiefly modern, but are metaphorically applied. Banjo, an iron frame for carrying a false clack or fixed valve. Term suggested, no doubt, by resemblance to the musical instrument which is the Christy Minstrel's joy. Billy Fairplay, a machine which weighs dross passing through a scree. "Billy" has often been haled before the court for alleged unjust weighing, but his reputation for fair play has been vindicated. Blinded, not opposite. Ends from opposite sides of a plane, and not opposite, but nearly so, are said to be blinded. "Blind pit" or "blind shaft" is an analogue to "blind alley." It is a shaft which ends in a kind of cul de sac, because it does not reach the surface. Butterfly valve, a kind of check valve. It is so called from its shape. It is in two parts, working fashion of the wings of a butterfly, the body of on each side of a pivot between them, after the which would represent the pivot. Deil, a tool for unscrewing broken rods in a bore hole. Maybe this is a taking of Old Nick's name in vain. Harp, a sparred shovel for filling coal. The spars suggest the strings, and the framework the outline of a harp. Hedgehog, a broken strand or wire of a rope torn That, as ane hyrchoune, all his rout Like sharpe urchons his haire was grow. Hamlet's "quills upon the fretful porpentine" are a variant of this expressive figure. Jigger, an apparatus for attaching hutches to a haulage rope, which holds by twisting or biting the rope. Lately I read an article beginning with "I'm jiggered if I don't love Jane," the words of, I think it said, a West Indian song. In that locality the jigger is an insect of mosquito propensities, and to be jiggered would seem to be no joke. But the West Indian jigger obviously can have nothing to do with the Scotch miner. To jick is an old Scotch word meaning te jerk. Jicker is a noun of kindred significance, and jicker and jigger may be the same. Perhaps this is the origin of the miner's jigger, but its position, standing upright at the end of the hutch, may have suggested a resemblance to the nautical jigger, which is used to steady a cable in heaving it aboard ship. Hence there is a strong chance that the term is borrowed from the sea. Kirning, boring with a hand jumper or kirner. As kirn=churn, it is plain that the action of the old-fashioned vertical churn has given name to the boring process, which is not unlike it. Monkey, an appliance for mechanically gripping or letting go the rope in rope haulage. Perhaps the quasi-human character of the gripping and letting go explains this term. Policeman, a movable guard over or round a pit mouth or at mid-workings. It may be constructed of either wood or iron. The fame of the active and intelligent officer has penetrated so far that his name has become an allegory in the very bowels of the earth. Proud, not cohesive. Coal is said to be "proud" when it bursts off the working face. Here, again, the metaphor has been made poet's property. In Burns's Hallowe'en,' when Willie and Mary burnt their nuts, Mall's nit lap out, wi' pridefu' fling An' her ain fit, it brunt it. White horse, intruded white trap in a coal "The white horses of the Solway" are its foam-topped waves riding in with the tide. How elastic words are! seam. tract. Their former connexion with colliers opens In conclusion, I note Mr. Barrowman's definition of "Arles," 99.66 Money given in former times to the colliers at the baptism of their children as a token of the children being attached, like their parents, to the coal-pit." Arles are still well enough known in the hiring of farm servants, but in no other conup an interesting subject. The condition of villenage adhered longer to colliers and salters in Scotland than to any other class. In other cases it died out, apparently considerably earlier than in England, but colliers and salters continued to be astricti gleba-they passed as a pertinent of the ground when it was sold, and the right to their labour was an implied fundo annexum until very nearly the present century. The first step towards their enfranchisement was taken by the Act 15 George III., c. 28. On the preamble that many Colliers and Coal-bearers and Salters are in a State of Slavery or Bondage, bound to the Collieries and Salt-works where they work for Life, YORKSHIRE FIELD-NAMES AND OLD MANORIAL MAPS. There is preserved at the Kirkleatham Estate Office a very interesting map of the manor of Kirkleatham, in Yorkshire, belonging to Chomley Turner, who was in possession from 1719 to 1757. The map is undated, but I think from internal evidence that it was probably made for him soon fields are named, and these names seem worthy after his succession to the property. Most of the of record in N. & Q.' I therefore send a list of them, and in a few instances I have been so rash as to venture on a possible explanation of a name. Old manorial maps of this kind are, I am told, not uncommon. If they are at all like that of the Kirkleatham manor they deserve more care and attention than they seem to have received. In the present instance the map is carefully drawn on a scale of twelve inches to the mile, and it shows even the relative sizes and character of the houses and buildings. It is, in fact, a twelve-inch "Ordnance map" of the parish of Kirkleatham of the early part of last century. My thanks are due to Mr. J. Rutherford, the agent of the estate, for an opportunity afforded me of carefully noting it. Subjoined is a list of the field-names : Kirkleatham field-names. Hall Close. Duckett Butts.-Qy. dovecot butts? Frample.-Cp. "Frampole fences" Blakelands.-Qy. bare lands? transferable with the Collieries and Salt-works,' cree "under the earlier statute. So died out the last lingering trace of actual villenage in our midst. GEO. NEILSON. Glasgow. Stythe. This is a word in common use in Northumberland. I find myself frequently using it. No other word expresses the same meaning. It is the sulphurous fumes of half-burnt coal. E. LEATON BLENKINSOPP. Wath Close (a beck flows by the close). in Halliwell's Beck Botton Swang: Wilson Swang: Jackson Swang.swampy ground. Swang an Walls Closes. Eight Lands Close. Cross Lands. Matthew Leys.-This is perhaps not a field-name, but indication of the owner. Ox Close. Upper Ox Close. Moorland Close. Coatham Acres Flatt. Coatham Upper Half Acres. The Croft Flatt. Mocus Flats. Sea Furland's Flats. Great Ox Close. Near Ox Close. Lower Ox Close. Turnpoke. Little Turnpoke. Turnpoke Close. Wandales. Prince [Charles I.], et comme s'ils eussent eu peur qu'il fût eschappé imperceptiblement des prisons, comme le Prince des apostres, ils couchoient dans sa chambre, et s'enyuroient, et crioient de sorte, qu'il luy estoit impossible de reposer. Et comme il auoit vne aduersion extrême pour le tabac, et qu'il les prioit de n'en point prendre, ces infames luy répondirent, qu'ils n'estoient pas là pour luy obeir et pour luy accorder ses plaisirs ; ils tiroient les rideaux de son lict; ils luy crachoient au visage; ils le decouuroient: bref, imaginez-vous vne troupe de demons dans la cellule de Sainct Antoine. Ainsi ce Prince passa toute la nuict entre les mains de la plus sordide et la plus enragée canaille que l'Enfer ait iamais vomy." Wandale Close,-Qy. originally marked out by wands And at p. 530 the author says, speaking of what or poles? Ingland Close. Oxgange. Flashwood, or Felbriggs, Beryl. Cock Close, Notes on or explanation of any of the names will Coatham, Yorkshire. occurred when Charles was on the scaffold : "Il parut d'abord deux bourreaux masquez, qu'on croit estre Fairfax et Cromwell, parce qu'ils ne parurent point de tout le jour, soit qu'ils se defiassent de toute autre personne, ou qu'ils voulussent eux-mêmes gouster ce detestable plaisir, de tremper leurs mains sacrileges dans le sang Royal; car vous sçauez que les bourreaux ordinaire, quoy qu'accoustumez au carnage, eurent horreur de prester leurs mains à cet horrible parricide et s'enfuirent ou se cachèrent." The book must, I imagine, be very scarce, for it is not mentioned in any of the books of reference. RALPH N. JAMES. MILTON.-The font at which Milton was baptized in the church of All Hallows, London, about the end of 1608 or the beginning of 1609, is now a portion of the fittings of an obscure mission church at Plaistow, in Essex, one of the eastern suburbs of the metropolis. J. W. ALLISON. Stratford, E. ORAL TRADITIOn, a Fact for THE CONSIDERATION OF MYTH-MONGERS.-While hunting up something else in my common-place book the other day I came upon the following note, which, as of sufficient importance, I now beg leave to transfer for perpetual preservation to the pages of 'N. & Q.': "Dean Ramsay used often to remark that he was execution of Charles I. as he himself had received it from brought up by an uncle, who gave him an account of the an eye-witness."-Scotsman, Dec. 28, 1872. Brief though human life is, the successive generations of men intercommunicate too closely to permit facts to grow into fables so very rapidly as those ingenious gentlemen, the myth-mongers, imagine to be possible. R. M. SPENCE, M.A. Manse of Arbuthnott, N.B. Charles I. was executed on Jan. 30, 1649; Dean CHARLES I.—The "Abrégé de l'Histoire d'Angle- event, which had happened 223 years before, thus Ramsay died on Dec. 27, 1872. An historic terre, d'Escosse, et d'Irlande. Par Mr M., Historio-needed a chain of only three lives to hand it down. graphe de France. Paris, 1652," affords a singular example of how history has been written. It is stated in the book that the printing of it was finished on Dec. 23, 1651, and that Charles II. had arrived in France, after the battle of Worcester, in October of the same year. As much of the information in the volume relative to events which were then recent is correct, it might readily be believed that the author learned what he relates from persons who were eyewitnesses of the scenes he describes, or at least knew to a certainty what had occurred in 1649. Yet at p. 528 he writes : "J'ai horreur de vous rapporter les indignitez que les satelites insolens commettoient en la presence de Ce THE PLAGUE OF LONDON IN 1625.-Following close upon the accession of the unfortunate Charles I. and his marriage with Henrietta of France, a fearful pestilence swept over London and carried off about 35,000 of the inhabitants. Within the limits of the one parish of St. Dunstan-in-the-West, out of 847 who died during this disastrous year no fewer than 667 were marked in the register with a P., showing that they had fallen victims to the pest. How swiftly and completely this terrible scourge did its deadly work in this portion of the City may be seen in the following extract from certain Chancery proceedings preserved in the Record Office : "About the xxvth or xxvith of July, 1625, it pleased Almightie God to visite the sayde Leake's howse with the plague, where, w'hin the space of tenne dayes, the sayde Michaell Leake, his wife, three children, all they had, his apprentice, and his mayde servaunte, all died of the said plague." Michael Leake, thus referred to, was a tailor, who for a brief period occupied a tenement near the Fleet Street end of Chancery Lane, and here it was that he and the other inmates met their sudden doom. After the removal of the bodies the constable of St. Dunstan's parish locked up the house, which for a time remained closed in silent desolation, Then the brother of Leake, who was likewise his administrator, entered and took possession of the goods and effects. He also paid the rent at that time due, and arranged affairs generally, but declined to have anything to do with the lease of the premises-the associations were probably too painWM. UNDERHILL. ful. 57, Hollydale Road, S.E. LETTER OF THEODORE HOOK.-To lovers of this brilliant genius the following fragment of an amusing letter in the British Museum may be interesting. It is indexed as follows: "Humorous letter to Thomas Aston Baylis in answer to a complaint of the destruction by his servant of a cat belonging to Mrs. Baylis. No date. Written on half a sheet of note-paper, with engraving in the corner of the Queen's coronation "The Viceroy acted, and I believe, from what I have heard since I have instituted an enquiry into the affair, that his vigilance was somewhat sharpened by the diffi culty he himself had in getting any rest pending the concerts at which, throughout the night, so many Cat alanis were performing. I have now issued an order to my Viceroy, which, not coming to him in the painful shape of a Bill of Indemnity... WALTER LOVELL. COIN OF CHARLES X.-A curious feature presents itself in connexion with a coin in my cabinet, which some of your readers may be able to elucidate. It reads: obverse, "Carolus X. D.G. Franc. Rex. 1597 +," surrounding two crossed Marshal or Constable of France's batons; reverse, crowned shield of France (usual three fleurs de lys type), having "II" on either side of the shield, and the motto "Sit Nomen Domini Benedictum"; mint mark letter T. The ordinary teston size, equal to two francs. The Cardinal of Bourbon was proclaimed Charles X. by the Guise faction in opposition to Henry IV., but he died in 1590. At the same time Charles II., Duke of Lorraine, brother-in-law of Henry IV., claimed the throne, but did not assume to be Charles X., though the cardinal did. Possibly after the death of the cardinal the Duke of Lorraine, not acknowledging the cardinal's pretensions, I's signify this?). But here another difficulty preadopted the title and issued coins (would the two sents itself. Henry IV. became de facto by coronation King of France in 1594, and had but one enemy or aspirant thereafter, the King of Spain, and therefore how comes it that the present coin (which is unquestionably genuine) was issued in 1597? Coins have often proved valuable correctors of history. Have we a case in point? GERALD E. HART. Montreal. ROBERT WYER, PRINTER.-Will you allow me to point out in 'N. & Q.' what I believe to be an omission from 'Old and New London'? In the early part of the sixteenth century there was living in the neighbourhood of Charing Cross Wyer. The position of his house, the sign of St. one of the busiest of the early printers, Robert John the Evangelist, is clearly established upon simply thus, "In Saint Martin's Parish beside his own authority. As a rule he gave his address Charing Cross"; but now and again a more lengthy colophon is met with that gives a clearer idea of its position. Here is one : "Imprynted by me Robert Wyre, dwellynge at the sygne of seynt Johan eva'gelyst, in seynt Martyns parysshe, in the felde besyde Charynge Crosse, in the bysshop of Norwytches rentys." Others run thus: "In the Duke of Sufolke's Rentys besyde Charynge Crosse," or "At Charynge Crosse......besyde the Duke of Sufolke's Place." Now the Bishop of Norwich's "rentys" spoken of by Wyer undoubtedly meant part of the land belonging to and adjoining Norwich House, the old inn of the Bishops of Norwich, known later as York House. In the year 1535 Norwich House passed by a special Act of Parliament into the hands of Charles Brandon, Earl of Suffolk. Its lands ran westward as far as Hungerford Market, and Robert Wyer's printing house probably faced the Strand on the northern side. He carried on business there from the year 1527 to 1560, when he was succeeded by Thomas Colwell, and during that time his press was never idle. More than one hundred books have been traced to it, and if none of those which made the presses of some of |