these persons to the great Mark Lemon? Is 63, Fellows Road, N.W. Mark Lemon was a man of note in his day, and no one who ever met him can forget his handsome, jovial face, and his portly, or even redundant, presence. Therefore, when his very name is called in question-when one correspondent says that "Mark Lemon's father was called Martin Lemon," and that "there was never any change in the family name," whilst another, in the very same column of N. & Q,' affirms it as no secret that "his original name was Lemon Marks"-it seems time to ask for an authoritative statement on the subject, especially as 'N. & Q' is a work of reference, and Mr. Leslie Stephen is "within measurable distance" of the letter L. friend and Reynolds's sitter), and the Duke of This magazine commenced in 1769. There were thirty-two volumes. I purchased them many years ago from one of the Kelly family, of theatrical celebrity, then eighty years of age. He assured me they were a complete set. J. B. MORRIS. Eastbourne. ROWLANDSON (7th S. v. 487).—If this matter is sifted, it will probably be found that the publishers who issued Mr. Grego's book on Rowlandson are the sinners, as the original print of the 'Staircase' is sans drawers, which, by the way, appear to have been unknown until some time in the second decade of the present century; and inasas the inventor-probably a lady-would hardly have courted publicity, it is extremely much difficult to fix the exact date of their introduction. I have an original engraving, in which the stood this appendage was added in late editions. females are without drawers. I always under HENRY SAXBY. TÊTE-A-TÊTE PORTRAITS OF THE TOWN AND COUNTRY MAGAZINE' (7th S. v. 488).--Having the fear of the tax-gatherers and rate-collectors before my eyes, and being bound to provide the proletariat with free roads, free bridges, free schools, free parks, free libraries, free hospitals for the sane and insane, free breakfast tables, and, probably, free dinners and teas, with ultimately free burial, OSBORNE will excuse me when I say that, having identified nearly all these likenesses, and, with every wish to oblige a fellow student, I cannot spare time to do more than tell him that in the Catalogue of Satirical Prints in the British Museum' he will find the MOON-LORE (7th S. v. 248, 394).—A little-read names of many of the portraits he inquires poet of the fifth century, whom I have just been about. As to those dated after 1770, where perusing with pleasure, Blossius Emilius Dracontius, this Catalogue' stops, I can probably, if Os- of Carthage, repeating, no doubt, the belief of his BORNE tells me which portrait of the series he time, attributes to the moon an influence not only desires to identify, give him its name. Thus, the over the tides, but also over springs and rivers, tête-à-tête portraits facing p. 13, vol. i., of the maga- which, as I have paid no special attention to folkzine, are distinguished as L-W-" and "D-lore, is new to me. How far the poet's statements of G-" for Lady Waldegrave (Walpole's beautiful may accord with modern scientific observation I Lewes. do not know. The passage may be worth noting. Tempore, luna suo crescit uel deficit orbe, Obseruant lunæ tecta cerebra globos. wanes, : With the lapse of time the moon in her orb waxes or For, as the moon waxes, so again the sea takes increase, JOHN W. BONE. 'SPRIG OF SHILLELAH' OR 'DONNYBROOK FAIR' (7th S. v. 446).-Regarding this wellknown song, for which there seem conflicting claims of authorship, your correspondents may care to know, on better authority than " tradition," that Sir Jonah Barrington ('Personal Sketches,' vol. ii. p. 231) states that Lysaght wrote it, and Samuel Lover, in Lyrics of Ireland' (p. 139), awards it the same paternity, as do T. C. Croker, M. J. Barry, and Alfred Webb. Mr. Halliday Sparling, in his 'Irish Minstrelsy,' probably gave it to Lysaght on the authority of Lover, and Lover was doubtless led by the testimony of Barrington. The "fact" now announced, that this song is Code's, because it has been found in his play of "The Burning of Moscow,' may not be, after all, conclusive of Mr. Sillard's contention. It might as well be said that Curran's song 'The Monks of the Screw,' which appears at full length in 'Jack Hinton,' was written by Lever. "Dead men tell no tales," neither do they make complaints. Lysaght died in 1809; and Code's Burning of Moscow,' in the first act of which The Sprig of Shillelagh' is introduced, did not appear until 1813. to Lysaght (vol. iii. p. 320) "Green were the fields Garrick Club. THE BOOTED MISSION (7th S. v. 368).—This is better known as the dragonnade of Louis XIV. against the Reformed Huguenots. Bp. Burnet, his Own Time,' vol. iii. p. 68, Ox., 1823), is an who went over to see the effects of it ('Hist. of original authority as to its results. He describes its origin by saying, proposed to him a method, which he believed would "Mr. de Louvoy, seeing the King so set on the matter, shorten the work, and do it effectually; which was, to let loose some bodies of dragoons to live upon the Protestants at discretion."-Ibid., p. 73. It follows: "This was begun in Bearn. And the people were so struck with it, that, seeing they were to be eat up first, and, if that prevailed not, to be cast into prison, when being required only to promise to reunite themselves to all was taken from them, till they should change, and the Church, they, overcome with fear, and having no time for consulting together, did universally comply." I connect this verbally with the "booted mission" by the following reference to Archbishop Trench, who, in speaking of the Ephesian Church, refers to "the French Protestant refugees, who had found shelter from the dragonnades, the mission bottée,' as it is so facetiously called by some Roman Catholic writers, of Louis XIV." (Commentary on the Epistles to the Seven Churches of Asia,' p. 73, Lond., 1861). So in Smedley's History of the Reformed Religion in France' there is: this Mission bottée (as the rude and fierce Body of In"None of the infinite abuses which might arise from structors were called, either in bitter sportiveness or contempt), was likely to be diminished by the temper of the officer to whom its direction was intrusted; and accordingly every Huguenot family in Poitou was exVol. iii. p. 250, ch. xxiv., of A.D. 1681, Lond., 1834, in posed to the unbridled license of a brutal soldiery."Rivington's "Theological Library." ED. MARSHALL. UP-HELLY-A (7th S. v. 307).-Jamieson, in his 'Scotch Dictionary,' has, " Uphalie Day, Uphaly Day. The first day after the termination of the Christmas holidays. It is written Ouphalliday, Aberd. Reg." Under "Girth ": The late Dr. Madden (United Irishmen,' vol. i. p. 385) exhibits this identical Code (Cody was his original name) as an informer, and recipient of secret-service money. The late Michael Staunton ―a very old press-man-told me in 1855 that Cody reported Emmet's last speech, omitted its best parts, and interpolated a spurious passage, embodying a charge against Plunket, which Emmet never uttered. I do not myself believe that Cody did this. He was quite capable of writing the 'Sprig of Shillelagh,' as a clever impromptu from his pen now before me shows. Sir Jonah Barrington no doubt pronounces Lysaght to be the writer; but Barrington is not infallible, for he also attributes.e., it does not now sit." "3. The privilege granted to criminals during Christclamit, quhill efter the halie dayis, viz. fra the sevint mas, and at certain other times, fra Yule girth be proday befoir Yule unto uphalie day.' Balfour's Pract. This time being viewed as halie, carried with it the privilege of protection from prosecution in a court of law. The first day succeeding this privileged season seems to have been denominated uphalie day, because the holidays were then up, or terminated; as we say, The court is up, The old festival at Lerwick this year was cele-churches in Berks, 3 in Bucks, 8 in Dorsetshire, 25 brated on Jan. 30, so that the Christmas holidays in Hants, 4 in Hunts, 2 in Middlesex, 1 in Northmust be about six weeks long. There is an article umberland, 25 in Oxon, 2 in Shropshire, 3 in Somerof twelve columns in quarto upon "Yule" in Jamie-set, 4 in Warwickshire, 12 in Worcestershire, 10 in son's 'Dictionary,' which seems to contain all that is Yorkshire, 1 in Ireland, 3 in Scotland, 5 in Wales, known on the subject. W. E. BUCKLEY. 10 in the Channel Isles, and 6 in France. There is a short but valuable paper on Welsh campanology, by Dr. Raven, in Suffolk Archaeological Proceedings for 1880; and Mr. Ellacombe's Bells of the Church,' 1872, a supplement to his Bells of Devon, may well close this list, which proves that, though much remains to be done, the materials for a comparative study of the bells of England have accumulated to a very considerable degree. But at present we know very little of the northern counties, and still less of Scotland, Ireland, and Wales. English travellers on the Continent who can obtain leave to inspect the church and cathedral bells will find them, in point of artistic decoration, very far superior to our own; yet on the Continent this science seems as yet to have but few students. "Up-Helly-A" I understand to mean the last of the Yule, or Christmas, festivities, and is probably, I fancy, the remains of some old Norse festival. It is sometimes called here "The last day of Yule." The "Helly," not "Helly-day," but simply the Helly," is an old Shetland name for Sunday: "Up-Helly-A" is an old festival here, whereof I suppose the memory of man goeth not to the contrary. When the Duke of Edinburgh was here, in 1882, it was held on Jan. 24, in his honour. I should now like to be informed if any festival of the same or similar name is held outside of Shetland. J. B. L. Lerwick, Shetland. I cannot be sure that the above list is com CHURCH BELLS (7th S. v. 446).—The following counties have been treated in separate volumes, plete. Mr. Stahlschmidt proposes to undertake each complete in itself, though, of course, the methods of treatment vary considerably :— Bedfordshire, T. North, F.S.A. 1883. Cambridgeshire. J. J. Raven, D.D. Second edition, 1881. Supplement, 1882. Cornwall. E. H. W. Dunkin. 1878. 1886. Norfolk. J. L'Estrange. 1874. Northamptonshire. T. North. 1878. Somersetshire. H. T. Ellacombe. 1875. Surrey (London Founders). J. C. L. Stahlschmidt. 1884. Sussex. A. Daniel-Tyssen. 1864. Besides the above, Derbyshire was printed by the late Mr. Jewitt in successive numbers of the Reliquary, but I do not know if it is complete. Suffolk, by Dr. Raven, is all but ready for publication, and will go to press before the close of this year. Essex, by Mr. Stahlschmidt, will probably see the light next year. The Rev. H. Whitehead is gradually bringing out Cumberland in the pages of a local newspaper, and partial collections have been made, and are now being made, for several of the missing counties. With respect to these counties, Mr. Lukis, to whom campanologists owe so much as the pioneer in this study, includes in his 'Account of Church Bells,' besides Wilts, which seems to be complete, 10 Hunts next. CECIL DEEDES. [Many contributors mention the same works.] CATSUP KETCHUP (7th S. v. 308, 475).—It will be observed that the answers hitherto given to the question as to the derivation of ketchup are all useless. To derive it from the "Eastern word kitjap" is ridiculous, for there is no such language as Eastern." DR. CHARNOCK tells us it is Hindustani; to which I have only to say that I wish he would prove his point by telling us in what Hindustani dictionary it can be found. I have been looking for this word these six years, and am as far off as ever from finding it; simply because no one condescends to mention the dictionary that contains it. I would earnestly commend to the consideration of all contributors to N. & Q.' that they should give their references. In philology especially, it is worse than useless to quote words as belonging to "an Eastern language"; we want to know the precise name of the language. Again, it is useless to say that a word is French, or Spanish, or what else, unless it can be found in any common dictionary. Unfortunately, it is precisely when a word is rare, and only to be found in works of great research, that the language to which it belongs is most airily cited. All inexact knowledge is distressing rather than helpful. WALTER W. SKEAT. REFERENCE WANTED (7th S. v. 347).-The passage, "possibly from St. Ambrose," for which MR. LACH-SZYRMA asks, is, "All Christians ought to * Published in the Transactions of the Exeter Dio-work in which it occurs is placed, since the Beneoffer and communicate every Lord's Day." The cesan Architectural Society, but sometimes to be pur- dictine edition of St. Ambrose, in the appendix. chased separately. Mr. Scudamore, from whom I borrow here, refers to it as Serm. xxv. § 6, S. Ambr., Opp., t. viii. p. 129, without specifying the edition. Another, and a more familiar reference, to the same effect very nearly, is, "Quotidie eucharistiæ communionem percipere nec laudo nec reprehendo omnibus tamen Dominicis diebus communicandum suadeo et hortor, si tamen mens sine affectu peccandi sit" (De Ecclesiasticis Dogmatibus,' cap. liii., S. Aug., 'Opp.,' t. iii. col. 205 A, Basil., 1569; and so Gratian, De Cons.,' Dist. ii. c. xiii.). But this treatise is now assigned to Gennadius of Marseilles (Gennad., 'De Eccl. Dogm., p. 31, Hamb., 1614). St. Chrysostom speaks of the poopopà Kal EKάστην KUρLaký," Hom. in Acta Apostt.," xviii., 'Opp.,' t. iv. p. 716, Eton., 1612. ED. MARSHALL. CARADOC, OR CARACTACUS (7th S. v. 387).— This query seems to be one of those which, from want of positive evidence, must remain unanswered. Dr. Leonhard Schmitz, in Smith's 'Dict. of Gr. and Rom. Biography,' contents himself with saying that "Claudius pardoned him and his friends" ("ad ea Cæsar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit," Tacitus, ' Ann.,' xii. 37), "but that they appear, however, not to have returned to Britain, but to have spent the remainder of their life in Italy." There is a paper in the Philosophical Transactions, 356, on the expeditions of the Romans into Britain, which may contain some conjectures on the subject. W. E. BUCKLEY. the nave by a stone screen? I believe I am right CANON VENABLES has overlooked the fact, I think, that in three of these-Canterbury, Winchester, and Rochester-the elevation of the choir level above that of the nave is too great to admit of throwing both together as one auditorium. His list of English minsters, or cruciform churches, not ruined or reduced in length, seems far from complete, as it omits Southwark and the three (out of four) in Hampshire, namely Christchurch, Romsey, and St. Cross (the latter the first in Britain to be completely vaulted), and all of which were exceptions, I think, to the rule that fifty years ago all were divided by an organ screen. E. L. G. BERTHOLD'S 'POLITICAL HANDKERCHIEF' (7th S. v. 387).-I possess a similar publication, "The Untaxed General Almanac for 1832. Printed and Sold by John Smith, 1, Bouverie St., Fleet St. Price 7d." It is printed on linen. My copy has been cut up and mounted on twenty leaves of blank paper, to form a diary for the original owner in 1832, who also writes on it as follows: "Carlile Stamp and found guilty on four inditements [sic] in January, 1832." The British Museum Catalogue has been searched, but no such almanacs appear. NE QUID NIMIS. PRIVATELY PRINTED BOOK BY GENERAL OUTRAM (7th S. v. 388).-I think this is the book about which MR. GREEN desires information :— "Lieut.-General Sir James Outram's Persian Cam-Tried at the Old Bailey for selling them without the paign in 1857, comprising general orders and despatches relating to the military operations in Persia, from the landing at Bushire to the Treaty of Peace; also selections from his Correspondence as Commander-in-Chief and Plenipotentiary during the war in Persia. Printed for Presentation to Personal Friends of Sir James Outram, who begs that it may be regarded as a Private Communication, and not a Publication. London: Printed for Private Circulation only by Smith, Elder & Co., 65, Cornhill, 1860." General Outram published several other privately Henry Berthold also published "The Regenerator; or, Guide to Happiness. Edited by Henry Berthold." No. 1 appeared in August, 1832. G. F. R. B. LAPP FOLK TALES (7th S. v. 381).-The Lapp folk-tale entitled 'Cacce-Haldek; or, the Sea People from Næsseby,' contributed by MR. W. HENRY JONES, is both interesting and important. from which he obtained it. May I be allowed to But MR. JONES does not mention the source urge the importance, for scientific purposes, of found? When this is omitted the authenticity of always indicating where the original is to be the story is difficult to verify, and its value is in consequence greatly diminished. The story in question is No. 8 in Poestion's 'Lappländische Märchen' (Vienna, 1886, p. 46), but MR. JONES seems to have translated from Poestion's original, or at least to have compared his translation with it. Now, inasmuch as Poestion omits to specify SNEAD (7th S. v. 347).—The arms of Sneyd, of Keele, co. Staffordshire, are a good example of old canting arms, and show the meaning of the above word: Argent, a scythe, the blade in chief, the sneyd (or handle) in bend sinister sable, &c. B. F. SCARLETT. The word is, I imagine, in general use in this part of Hertfordshire. My gardener habitually employs it, and only a few days ago I paid a bill to a local tradesman in which the handle of a scythe was called a sneath. H. DELEVINgne. Castle Hill, Berkhampstead. In Scotland and the north of Ireland snead is the name given to the handle of a scythe. The word is also used in the same sense in Cumberland, and probably in several other of the northern counties. W. GILMORE. 112, Gower Street. PAUL SCARRON IN LONDON (7th S. v. 405).— Paul Hentzner who visited London in 1598, describes it as "magnificently ornamented with public buildings and churches, of which there are above 120 Parochial." He refers to Paulus Jovius, the well-known Italian historian, whose panegyric of the city he quotes. My edition is the Aungrivyle Society's reprint of Horace Walpole's translation. Hentzner's description of the wonders and beauties of London is most interesting. C. DEEDES. See an account of an embassy from the Emperor of Constantinople to King Henry IV., in a letter from Manuel Chrysoloras, edited by Codinus, in one of the volumes of the "Byzantine Historians.” Snathe, the handle of a scythe" (Ray's 'South See also 'N. & Q.,' 6th S. vi. 31. and East Country Words'). JOHN P. HAWORTH. ST. MALAN (7th S. v. 427).—St. Malan was born in the diocese of Vannes in 442 or 456, at Platz, on the bank of the river Vilaine, and died 530. He was called by the Bretons St. Malani, by the French St. Malaine. His life was written by Dom Lobineau. He was bishop of Rennes. See St. Aug., Serm. 108. His day is January 6. The following are extracts from his life: One day he raised a dead man to life by laying a crucifix on him, and by this miracle he converted all the inhabitants of Vannes. At Angers one Lent he gave what is called the "eulogie" (sacred bread) to four bishops. St. Mars of Nantes, instead of eating it, let it fall into his bosom, where it turned into an adder. Returning to St. Malan, he obtained absolution, and was healed of his wounds. He cured with holy oil Eusebius, King of Vannes, and by prayer the Princess Aspasia, the king's daughter, whose convulsions were attributed to Satanic influence. Wynfrid, Clevedon, THOMAS KERSLAKE. VERNON (7th S. v. 487).-PROF. BUTLER asks for the etymology of Vernon, a hamlet in the Department of the Eure, which has given its name to several English families, as well as to Mount Vernon, the plantation of George Washington. Cocheris, in his useful little book 'Origine et Formation des Noms de Lieu,' enumerates Vernon among the sixty-four places whose names are derived from the Armorican gwern, the alder tree, which appears as vernus in Medieval Latin, and as verne in Modern French. The suffix -on is not, as might be supposed, a corruption of -etum, as this, owing to the accent, becomes -ay in Modern French names, e. g., Vernay from Vernetum, Chatenay from Castanetum, or Rouvray from Roboretum. The suffix seems to be merely the usual Kymric plural in -on. Vernon would, therefore, mean the alders," just as Rouvron means "the oaks and Fousson" the beeches." ISAAC TAYLOR. " NORFOLK SONG (7th S. v. 488).—The ballad of At his funeral, November 6, 530, four prisoners' Arthur of Bradley' is printed in 'An Antidote confined in a strong tower at Rennes, hearing the against Melancholy,' 1661, and in Ritson's 'Robin chant, joined in the singing, and immediately the Hood,' ii. 210. There are two other ballads of tower fell with a crash, and the prisoners were re-Arthur-a-Bradley,' one commencing "All in the leased. A blind woman kissed the feet of the dead body, and instantly received her sight. St. Gregory of Tours tells us that a shrine of prodigious height was raised over the tomb of St. Malan. One day it caught fire, and though burnt to the ground, neither the body of the saint nor merry month of May" (vol. iii. of Roxburghe Ballads'), and the second, "Come neighbours, and listen awhile," reprinted in 'Ancient Poems, Ballads, and Songs of the Peasantry of England,' by J. H. Dixon. These are evidently of later date (see 'The Ballad Literature and Popular Music of |