SYLLABUS OF THE FEDERALIST. xlv 4. Judicial power, representatives of the people indirectly chosen during good behavior. 5. All officers indirect choice of the people. Constitution revocable and alterable by the people. C. I. This representative democracy, as far as is consistent with its genius, has all the features of good government. These features: 1. An immediate and operative representation of the people, which is found in the House of Representatives. 2. Stability and wisdom, which is found in the Senate. 3. A vigorous executive, which is found in the President. 4. An independent judiciary, which is found. in the Supreme Court, etc. II. b. A separation of the essential powers of gov ernment. Ascertain the sense of the maxim. 1. One department must not wholly possess the powers of another. III. Departments of power must be separated, yet so as to check each other. 1. Legislative. 2. Legislative executive. 3. Judicial legislative. 4. Legislative judicial. All this is done in the proposed constitution. 1. Legislative in the Congress, yet checked by negative of the Executive. 2. Executive in the President, yet checked by impeachment of Congress. 3. Judicial check upon legislative, or interpretation of laws. 4. And checked by legislative through impeachment. D. I. Can such a government apply to so extensive a II. Despotic government for a large country to be examined. REVIEW. I. Full House of Representatives chosen every second year, etc. II. Senate for six years by Legislatures. Rotation every two years. Probable increase. III. Executive. Manner of appointment. Compensation. Negotiation of treaties. Nomination of officers. IV. Judicial power. Constitution of judges. Extent of powers. Inferior courts. Trial by jury. Criminal cases. POWERS. I. To provide revenue for the common defense. II. To regulate commerce. III. To declare war. SYLLABUS OF THE FEDERALIST. xlvii IV. To raise and support armies. V. Admission of new states. VI. Disposal of property. MISCELLANEOUS ADVANTAGES. I. To prohibit importation of slaves after 1808. II. Account to be rendered of expenditure of moneys. III. No state shall emit bills of credit [pass no bill of at]tainder, ex-post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant title of nobility. IV. Definition of treason. V. Guarantee of Republican government. MADISON'S ACCOUNT OF "THE FEDERALIST." THE following memorandum complies with Mr. Paulding's request of the 16th instant.' The papers under the Title of "Federalist " and signature of "publius" were written by A. H. J. M. and J. J. in the latter part of the year 1787-and the former part of the year 1788. The immediate object of them was to vindicate and recommend the new Constitution to the State of N. Y. whose ratification of the instrument, was doubtful as well as important. The undertaking was proposed by A. H. (who had probably consulted with Mr. Jay and others) to J. M. who agreed to take a part in it. The papers were originally addressed to the people of N. Y. under the signature of a "Citizen of N. Y." This was changed for that of "Publius," the first name of Valerius Publicola. A reason for the change was that one of the Writers was not a citizen of that State: another that the publication had diffused itself among most of the other States. The papers were first published at N. Y. in a Newspaper printed by Francis Childs at the rate during great part of the time at least of four numbers a week; and notwithstanding this exertion, they were not compleated till a large proportion of the States had decided on the Constitution. They were edited as soon as possible in two small vols. the preface to the 1st vol: drawn up by Mr. H bearing date N. York Mar 1788-In a publication at N. Y. in 1810 entitled 'Sent by Madison to Paulding with the following letter: "DB SIR I return your copy of Gideon's Edition of the Federalist, with the memorandum requested in your note of the 16th. I shall take a pleasure in adding any other circumstances which you may wish to know, and I may be able to communicate. . ."-EDITOR. |