Also, certain watchmen.

to.

By the act approved March 30, 1867, the Sergeants-atArms of the two houses are authorized to appoint the eight watchmen on the dome, at the stables, the gatekeeper, and watchmen of the grounds surrounding the Rules and reg. Capitol, also three additional watchmen. And said Serulations in regard geants-at-Arms are also authorized to uniform and arm the Capitol police and watchmen, and to make such rules and regulations as they may deem necessary to preserve the peace and secure the Capitol from defacement, and for the protection of the public property therein; and shall have power to arrest and detain any person violating said rules until such person can be brought before the proper authorities for trial, without further order of Congress. Stat. at Large, Vol. XV, pp. 11 & 12.

Police, by whom By the act of March 3, 1873, it is provided that the to be appointed and by whom appointment of the Capitol police shall hereafter be made suspended. by the Sergeants-at-Arms of the two houses, and the architect of the Capitol extension; and the captain of the Capitol force may suspend any member of said force, subject to the action of the officers above referred to.Stat. at Large, Vol. XVII, p. 488.

Police, when not reinstated.

No

statuary,

paintings, &c.,

vate individuals,

By the act of June 20, 1874, it is provided that whenever a member of the Capitol police or watch force is suspended from duty for cause, said policeman or watchman shall receive no compensation for the time of such suspension if he shall not be reinstated.--Sess. Laws, 1, 43, p. 86.

By the act of July 20, 1868, it is provided that no statbelonging to pri- uary, paintings, or other articles, the property of private to be exhibited in. individuals, shall thereafter be allowed to be exhibited in the rotunda, or any other portion of the Capitol building.-Ibid., p. 110.

Improvements, By act of the same date, it is provided that no improverepairs, &c., of, can only be made ments, alterations, or repairs of the Capitol building shall by direction of architect. be made, except by direction and under the supervision of the architect of the Capitol extension.-Ibid., p. 115. By the act of March 3, 1873, an appropriation is made for connecting the Capitol by telegraph, to be used solely for public business with all the Departments of Govern ment, and the Government Printing-Office in the city of

Telegraph from, to public offices.

Washington: Provided, That the immediate connection of the wires with any of the public buildings shall be made under ground, or in such manner as not to injure the appearance of the Capitol or other public buildings.Stat. at Large, Vol. XVII, p. 519.

CHAIR.

name person to

"The Speaker shall have a right to name any member Speaker may to perform the duties of the Chair, but such substitution fill for the day. shall not extend beyond an adjournment."-Rule 5.

(See SPEAKER PRO TEMPORE.)

CHAIRMAN OF A STANDING COMMITTEE.

(See COMMITTEES.)

CHAIRMAN OF COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE.

A chairman to preside in Committee of the Whole Appointed by the Speaker. shall be appointed by the Speaker.-Rule 105.

leries to be

The chairman of the Committee of the Whole shall. May cause galhave power to order the galleries or lobby to be cleared cleared. in case of any disturbance or disorderly conduct therein.-Rule 9.

oaths.

He is also authorized to administer oaths or affirma- May administer tions to witnesses.-Stat. at Large, Vol. I, p. 554. (See also COMMITTEES OF THE WHOLE.)

CHARGE UPON THE PEOPLE.

for, to be dismade, and must

"No motion or proposition for a tax or charge upon No proposition the people shall be discussed the day on which it is made cussed on the day or offered, and every such proposition shall receive its be committed. first discussion in a Committee of the Whole."-Rule 110.

CHAPLAINS.

chaplains dispensed with.

The practice, which had prevailed for several years, Election of of the election by each House of a chaplain, who should open their daily sessions with prayer, alternating weekly between the House and Senate, was suspended during the 35th Congress. At the first session of that Congress, a resolution was adopted by the House, which

erally invited to

act.

directed"that the daily sessions of that body be opened Clergymen gen with prayer, and requesting the ministers of the gospel in this city to attend and alternately perform this solemn duty."-Journal, 1, 35, p. 58. The clergymen of Washington generally responded to this request, and for the remainder of the Congress performed the duty of chapElection of, re- lains. At the first session of the 36th Congress, the old

vived.

House

em.

ployés shall not

be.

Stenographers

and reporters

from being.

practice of the election of a chaplain by each House was revived, and it was at that time decided that a proposition to proceed to such election presented a question of privilege.-Journal, 1, 36, pp. 442, 443.

CLAIM AGENTS.

"No person shall be an officer of the House, or continue in its employment, who shall be an agent for the prosecution of any claim against the Government, or be interested in such claim otherwise than as an original claimant."-Rule 140.

"No stenographer or reporter shall be admitted to the also prohibited reporters' gallery, or if admitted, be suffered to retain his seat, if he shall be or become an agent to prosecute any claim pending before Congress."-Rule 135.

Members and

employés prohib

acting as.

Members of Congress are prohibited from acting as ited by law from claim agents for compensation paid or to be paid; and officers and employés of the House are prohibited from acting as claim agents, either with or without compensation, under the penalty, in either case, of a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, or imprisonment in the penitentiary not exceeding one year, or both, in the discretion of the court.-Stat. at Large, Vol. X, p. 170.

When to be ap pointed, and of what number.

Duties of.

CLAIMS, COMMITTEE OF.

A Committee of Claims, to consist of eleven members, shall be appointed at the commencement of each Congress. Rule 74.

"It shall be the duty of the Committee of Claims to take into consideration all such petitions and matters or things touching claims and demands on the United States as shall be presented, or shall or may come in question,

and be referred to them by the House, and to report their opinion thereupon, together with such propositions for relief therein as to them shall seem expedient."-Rule 78. The Committee of Claims is authorized by resolution of February 18, 1843, to employ a clerk.-Journal, 3, 27, p. 399.

CLAIMS, COURT OF.

Authorized to employ a clerk.

By the act of 24th February, 1855, it was provided When report to that "the Court of Claims shall keep a record of their proceedings, and shall, at the commencement of each session of Congress, and at the commencement of each month during the session of Congress, report to Congress the cases upon which they shall have finally acted, stating in each the material facts which they find established by the evidence, with their opinion in the case, and the reasons upon which such opinion is founded.

ions.

their bills.

Any judge who may dissent from the opinion of the ma-Dissenting opin. jority shall append his reasons for such dissent to the report; and such report, together with the briefs of the solicitor and of the claimant, which shall accompany the report, upon being made to either House of Congress, shall be printed in the same manner as other public documents. And said court shall prepare a bill or bills in Court to prepare those cases which have received the favorable decision thereof, in such form as, if enacted, will carry the same into effect. And two or more cases may be embraced in the same bill, where the separate amount proposed to be allowed in each case shall be less than one thousand dollars. And the said court shall transmit with the said reports the testimony in each case, whether the same Testimony to be shall receive the favorable or adverse action of said court. "The said reports, and the bills reported as aforesaid, Reports and bills shall, if not finally acted upon during the session of Con- from session to gress to which the said reports are made, be continued gress to Congress. from session to session, and from Congress to Congress, until they shall be finally acted upon; and the consideration of said reports and bills shall, at the subsequent session of Congress, be resumed, and the said reports and bills be proceeded with in the same manner as though finally acted upon at the session when presented.

reported.

to be continued session and Con

Adverse reports.

Court-rooms to be provided.

clerks to be reported.

"The claims reported upon adversely shall be placed upon the calendar when reported, and if the decision of said court shall be confirmed by Congress, said decision shall be conclusive, and the said court shall not at any subsequent period consider said claims, unless such reasons shall be presented to said court as, by the rules of common law or chancery in suits between individuals, would furnish sufficient ground for granting a new trial."-Stat. at Large, Vol. X, pp. 613, 614.

It shall be the duty of the Speaker of the House, within a reasonable time after the passage of this act, to appropriate such rooms in the Capitol at Washington, for the use of said court, as may be necessary for their accommodation, unless it shall appear to the Speaker that such rooms cannot be appropriated without interfering with the business of Congress; and in that event the said court shall procure at the city of Washington such rooms as may be necessary for the convenient transaction of their business.-Ibid., p. 614.

Removal of The said court is required to make report in case of the removal of its clerks, with the cause of such removal, to Congress, if in session, or at the next session of Congress.-Ibid., p. 614.

preme Court.

Judgments of, By the act of March 3, 1863, it is provided that the final, subject to appeal to Sn-judgment of said court shall be final, with the right of appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States, and that in all cases of final judgments by said court, or on appeal by the Supreme Court where the same shall be affirmed in favor of the claimant, the sum due thereby shall be paid out of any general appropriation made by law for the payment and satisfaction of private claims.— Stat. at Large, Vol. XII, p. 766. [Since the passage of this act the monthly reports of cases, required by the act of February 24, 1855, have not been made to Congress.]

Petitions and bills to be transmitted to.

By the same act it is provided "that all petitions and bills praying or providing for the satisfaction of private claims against the Government, founded upon any law of Congress, or upon any regulation of an Executive Department, or upon any contract, express or implied, with the Government of the United States, shall, unless other