Art. I, Sec. 8.—Continued.

12.

13.

to provide for punishment of counterfeiting

securities and coin of U. S.

to establish post-offices and post-roads.

to promote progress of science and useful arts

securing to authors and inventors exclu-

De rights.

to constitute tribunals inferior to Supreme

Court.

to define and punish piracies and felonies on

high seas, and offenses against law of na-

tions.

to declare war,

grant letters of marque and reprisal,

and make rules concerning captures.

to raise and support armies.

appropriations to be limited to two years.

to provide and maintain a navy.

14. To make rules for government of land and naval forces.

15. To provide for calling forth the militia.

to execute laws, suppress insurrections, etc.

16. To provide for organizing and arming the militia.

and for governing them when in employ of

Government.

authority of States as to appointment of offi-

cers reserved.

also as to disciplining militia.

17. To exercise exclusive legislation over seat of government.

and over sites of public works or buildings.

18. To make all laws necessary and proper to carry out its

powers.

SEC. 9.-1. Migration or importation of slaves, restriction of.

tax or duty may be imposed.

2. Habeas corpus not to be suspended except.

3. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law to be passed.
4. No direct tax unless in proportion to census.

5. No tax or duty on exports from any State.

6. No preference to be given in commerce or revenue to

ports of any State.

no entry, clearance, or duties on vessels

bound to or from States.

7. Money to be drawn only on appropriations made by law.

statements of receipts and expenditures to be pub

lished.

8. No title of nobility to be granted.

no officer to accept presents from foreign powers.

SEO. 10.-1. No State to enter into any treaty, alliance, or confedera

tion.

or grant letters of marque and reprisal.

or coin money.

or emit bills of credit.

or make anything but gold and silver a legal

tender.

or pass any bill of attainder.

or ex post facto law.

or law impairing obligation of contract.

or grant any title of nobility.

2. No State, without consent of Congress, shall lay any

imposts or duties.

except absolutely necessary.

and the net produce to be for use of Gov.

ernment.

and the laws subject to revision of Congress.

Art. I, Sec. 10.-Continued.

3. No State, without consent of Congress, to lay duty on

tonnage.

or keep troops or ships of war in time of

peace.

or enter into any agreement or compact with

other States, or with a foreign power.

unless actually invaded or in imminent dan-

ger.

ARTICLE II.

SEC. 1.-1. The executive power is vested in a President.

his term of office shall be four years.

the term of office of Vice-President shall

be the same.

they shall be elected together.

2. Each State shall appoint Presidential electors.

to be in number equal to the whole number of

their Senators and Representatives.

no Senator or Representative or public U. S.

officer shall be an elector.

3. Manner of voting by electors.

REPEALED. See XIIth Amendment.

4. Congress may determine time of choosing electors.

and the day of their meeting to elect.

to be the same throughout the U. S.

5. Natural-born citizens alone eligible for President.

to have attained the age of thirty-five, and

been fourteen years a resident.

6. The Vice-President to assume the duties of President in

case of his death, resignation, etc.

Congress may by law provide for the case of death, resig.

nation, etc., of the President.

and declare what officer shall then act.

7. The compensation of the President shall not be increase

or diminished during his term of

office.

and he shall not receive during that pe-

riod any other emolument.

8. Oath or affirmation of President.

SEC. 2.-1. President shall be Commander in Chief of Army and Navy.

and of the Militia of the several States, when

in service of the U. S.

may require written opinions of executive of-
ficers.

may grant reprieves and pardons, except in im-

peachments.

2. By and with consent of Congress, may make treaties.

and shall nominate and appoint Ambassadors, etc.

and all other officers whose appointments are not

otherwise provided for.

Congress may vest appointment of inferior officers

as they think proper.

3. President may fill vacancies during recess of Senate.

SEC. 3.-President to give information of state of the Union.

to recommend measures to Congress.

on extraordinary occasions may convene Congress.

in case of disagreement may adjourn Congress.

to receive Ambassadors and Ministers.

to take care that the laws are administered.

to commission all officers of the U. S.

Art. II.-Continued.

SEC. 4.-President and Vice-President to be removed on impeach-
ment for treason, bribery, or high crimes.

ARTICLE III.

SEC. 1.-Judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court and inferior

Courts, to be established by Congress.

Judges to hold office during good behavior.

compensation not to be diminished during

continuance in office.

SEC. 2.-1. Jurisdiction to extend to all cases arising under the Con-

stitution, laws, and treaties.

to all cases affecting Ambassadors, Ministers,

and Consuls.

to all cases of admiralty and maritime juris-

diction.

to controversies to which the U. S. is a party.

to controversies between two or more States.

between a State and citizens of another State.

between citizens of different States.

between citizens of the same State claiming

lands under grants of different States.

and between a State, or its citizens, and for-

eign States, citizens, or subjects.

2. Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction

in all cases affecting Ambassadors, Ministers, or

Consuls.

and cases in which a State is a party.

and appellate jurisdiction both as to law and

fact, under regulations to be made by Con-

gress.

3. Trials of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, to be

by jury.

to be had in State where crime has been committed.
when not committed within a State, to be where
Congress may direct.

SEO. 8.-1. Treason consists in levying war against, or adhering to

enemies of the U. S., giving them aid and

comfort.

no conviction unless on testimony of two wit-

nesses.

or on confession in open Court.

2. Congress may declare the punishment for treason.

no attainder shall work corruption of blood or

forfeiture beyond the life of the party at-

tainted.

ARTICLE IV.

SEC. 1.-Full faith and credit to be given to public acts, records, and

judicial proceedings of States.

Congress may prescribe the manner of their proof,

and the effect thereof.

SEC. 2.-1. Citizens of each State are entitled to the privileges and

immunities of citizens in the several States.

2. Fugitives from justice to be delivered up to State having

jurisdiction of the crime.

3. Fugitives from service or labor to be delivered up.

SEC. 8.-1. New States may be admitted by Congress, but they can-
not be formed within the jurisdiction of a State without
consent of its Legislature.

Art. IV, Sec. 3.-Continued.

nor by the junction of two or more States without consent

of States concerned and of Congress.

2. Congress may dispose of and make rules and regulations
for territories or other property belonging to the U. S.
Claims of the U. S. or of a State not to be prejudiced.

SEC. 4.-A republican form of government guaranteed to each State,

and protection of each against invasion,

and against domestic violence.

ARTICLE V.

Congress may propose amendments, when deemed neces-

sary.

or on application of two-thirds of the State Legis-

latures.

convention to be called.

to be ratified by Legislatures or conventions of

three-fourths of the States.

no State, without its consent, can be deprived of

its equal suffrage in the Senate.

ARTICLE VI.

1. All existing liabilities are valid against the U. S.

2. The Constitution, laws, and treaties are the supreme law

of the land,

judges in every State bound thereby.

3. All officers, executive, legislative, and judicial, both Fed-

eral and State, to be bound by oath or affir-

mation to support the Constitution.

no religious test shall be required as a qualifi

cation to any office.

Congress can make no law respecting religion.

or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press.

or the right to peaceably assemble and petition for

redress.

ARTICLE II.

The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be

infringed.

ARTICLE III.

No soldier to be quartered in any house without the consent

of the owner.

nor in time of war but in a manner prescribed by

law.

ARTICLE IV.

The right of security against searches and seizures shall not

be violated.

warrants on probable cause to be supported by

oath or affirmation.

the place, person, and thing to be described in the

warrant.

ARTICLE V.

Presentment or indictment before grand jury essential to

trial for crime.

except as to land or naval forces or militia in

time of war.

no person to be put twice in jeopardy.

nor be compelled to be witness against himself.

nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property

without due process of law.

nor shall private property be taken for public

use without compensation.

ARTICLE VI.

In criminal trials, accused shall have the right to a speedy

and public trial.

by a jury, of State and district where crime was

committed.

and to be informed of the nature and cause of

accusation.

and to be confronted with witnesses against him.

and to have compulsory process for witnesses in

his favor.

and to have the assistance of counsel for his de-

fense.

ARTICLE VII.

In civil actions, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved
where the value in controversy exceeds twenty dol-
lars.

facts tried by jury are re-examinable only according
to the rules of common law.

ARTICLE VIII.

Excessive bail shall not be required.

nor excessive fines imposed.

nor cruel nor unusual punishments inflicted.

ARTICLE IX.

The enumeration of rights not to disparage others retained

by the people.

ARTICLE X.

Powers not delegated nor prohibited to the States are re-
served to the States or to the people.