Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events: Embracing ...

Armenian Churches.-See Eastern Churches. Army of the United States.-Troops in service, 30; progress of disbanding, 30; measures of Congress regulating the military establishment, 30; letter of General Grant relative to the army bills before Congress, 30; action of Congress, 31; the military establishment of the country as reorganized, 82; commanding officers of the new regiments of cavalry, infantry, and reserve corps, 32; designations of regiments, 32;- military departments of the country, 83; assignment of the military bands, 34; lieutenant-generalship, 34; movements of troops, 34; estimates of expenditures, 34; appropriations, 35; bounty to volunteers, 35; grand aggregate of individuals on the pension roll, 85; report of Commissioner of Pensions, 35; Bureau of Military Justice, 36; Quartermaster's Department, 36; Subsistence Department, 36; Medical Department, 36; distribution of artificial limbs, 37; cemeteries, 87; sanitary measures, 37; engineer corps, 37; ordnance department, 87; supplies during the war, 37; breechloading muskets, 38; cannon, endurance of, 38; stock of war equipage, 38; West Point Academy, 39; a board to report on infantry tactics, 39; system of General Upton, 89.

SHLEY, JAMES M.-Representative from Ohio, 124; offers a bill, 143; offers a resolution on protecting freedmen, 182. Asia.-Progress of the Russians in Central Asia, 39; movements in China, 39; relations of Japan to foreigners, 40; British India, 40; area and population of countries in Asia, 40.

Astronomical Phenomena and Progress.-Progress in 1866, 40; the temporary or variable star in Corona, 40; eccentricity of the earth's orbit and its relations to glacial epochs, 42; sun-spots, 42; spectra of some of the fixed stars, the moon, and the planets, 43; comets, 43; influence of the tidal wave on the moon's motion, 44; zodiacal light, 44; nebulæ, 44; the force which prolongs the heat and light of the sun and other fixed stars, 45; asteroids, 46; astro-photometer, 46; works and memoirs, 46.

Austria.-Government, 46; loss of territory, 46; population, 46; receipts, 46; army, 47; navy, 47; relations with Prussia, 47; correspondence, 47; negotiations, 47; excitement in the German provinces, 47; relations with Italy, 48; new ministry, 48; its aim, 45; speech of the foreign minister, 48; reorganization of the army needed, 48; attempt to assassinate the emperor, 48; difficulties with Hungary, 48; Poles of Galicia, 49. AZEGLIO, MASSIMO T.-Birth, 49; career, 49; death, 49.

Baden.-Government, 50; area, 50; population, 50; finances,

50.

BADGER, GEORGE E.-Birth, 50; career, 50; death, 50. BAKER, JOHN.-Representative from Illinois, 124; offers a resolution, 141.

BALL, DYER.-Birth, 51; pursuits, 51; death, 51. BANCROFT, GEORGE.-Delivers an oration on the anniversary of Lincoln's death, 237.

Banks. The new system, 51; number of banks, 51; increase of circulation, 51; liabilities, 52; assets, 53; national banks and State banks, 54; quarterly reports of associations, 54; European bank movement, 55; bank of France, liabilities and assets of, 55.

Baptists.-Regular Baptists, 56; numbers, 56; Missionary Union, 56; Publication Society, 56; Home Mission So

ciety, 56; American and Foreign Bible Society, 57; Free Mission Society, 57: Historical Society, 57; Frenca Missionary Society, 57; Southern Baptist Connection, 57; Campbellites, 57; Free-Will Baptists, 57; SeventhDay Baptists, 58; Tunkers, 58; other denominations, 58; churches in Great Britain, 58; do. on the Continent, 59; do. in Asia, 59. Bavaria-Government, 59; area, 59; army, 59; war in Germany, 59.

BEAUMONT, DE LA BONNIERE.-Birth, 59; career, 59; death,

59.

BECK, CHARLES.-Birth, 59; pursuits, 59; death, 60. Belgium.-Government, 60; area, 60; finances, 60; com

merce, 00; action of Legislative Chambers, 60; difficulty with Holland, 60.

BINGHAM, JOHN A.-Representative from Ohio, 124; ofers joint resolutions for an amendment of the Constitution, 131; on representation and taxation, 147; reports from joint committee, 182; offers a resolution, etc., 185; en admission of Tennessee members, 223.

BLUNT, EDMUND.-Birth, 60; pursuits, 60; death, 60. Bolivia.-Population, 61; army, 61; civil war, 61; protests against the alliance of Brazil, Uruguay, etc., 61; dispute with Chili, 61. Bone-Black-Nature, 62; modes of reburning, 62; Leplay and Cuisinier's process with steam, 63; Beane's process, 6; disposition of refuse bone-black, 64. BOURBON, MARIE AMÉLIE-Birth, 64; career, 64; death, 65, BOUTWELL, GEORGE G.-Representative from Massachusetts, 124; against admission of Tennessee members, 223 BOYNTON, C. B.-Elected chaplain of the House, 180, BRAINARD, THOMAS.-Birth, 65; pursuits, 65; death, 65, BRANDE, WILLIAM T.—Birth, 65; pursuits, 66; death, 66 Brazil-Government, 66; ministry, 66; American minister,

66; army, 66; navy, 66; commerce, 66; area, 66; popalation, 66; libcration of slaves, 66; decree opening the Amazon River to foreign bottoms, 66; the Amaszon country, 67; proceedings of Parliament, 67; imm'gration, CT.

Bremen.-City, 68; area, 68; population, 68; commerce, 65. Bridges.-Hudson River at Albany, 68; Cincinnati suspen

sion, 69; Connecticut River, 69; Susquehanna tridge, 70; illustrations, 71, 72.

British North America.-Government, 73; Cabinet, 79; reciprocity treaty with the United States, 3; confer ence, 73; American propositions, 73; fisheries, 74; memorandum of delegates, 74; report to the British minister, 74; Canadian trade with the West Indies and Brazil, 73; negotiations, 75; Fenian disturbances, 75; Canadian Parliament, 76; address of the Governor-General, 76: speech of Lord Monck, 76; confederation, 77; annexation to the United States, 77; action of the United States Congress on relations with Canada, 77; Red River settlement, S; copper mines, 78; gold mines, 79; coal-fields, 50; com merce, 80; imports into Canada for the fiscal year ead. ing June, 1866, 81; exports do., 81; imports and exports of eastern provinces, 82; product of the fisheries, 5; act for the union of, 657.

BROOKS, JAMES.-Representative from New York, 124; on admission of representatives of Southern States, 126; d representation and taxation, 146.

BROOMALL, JOHN M.-Representative from Pennsylvan 124; offers a resolution to change the basis of repre sentation in Congress, 130; offers a resolution on reconstruction, 144.

BROWN, B. GRATZ.-Senator from Missouri, 124; offers reso lution relative to equal suffrage, etc., 140. BUCKALEW, CHARLES R.-Senator from Pennsylvanis, 194; on the basis of representation, 152; offers an amendment to committee's proposition, 189.

BURGESS, GEORGE.-Birth, 82; education, 82; pursuits, 82; death, 82. Burmah.-Situation, 83; population, 83; composed of kingdoms, 83; government, 83; wild tribes, 83; assassinations, 83; proceedings of conspirators, 83; revolution suppressed, 83.

BURTON, WARNER.-Birth, $4; pursuits, 84; death, 84.

California.-Area, 84; population, 84; Government, 84; mining product, 84; exportation of copper ores, 84; quicksilver mines, 84; product and export of, 85; agriculture, $5; culture of the vine, 85; wheat product, 85; silk culture, 85; manufactures, 85; commerce of the State, 86; Central Pacific Railroad, 86; educational system, 86.

CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER.-Birth, 87; pursuits, 87; death, 87. Candia (or Crete).-Area, 87; population, 87; insurrection,

87; its causes, 87; proceedings, 87; proclamation of the governor, 87; reply of the Cretan Assembly, 87; charac ter of the contest now assumed, 88; appeals to foreign Governments for intercession, 88; declaration of independence, SS; military movements of the Turkish Government, 88; proclamations, 89; capture of the monastery of Arkadi, 89; details, 89; losses, 89; another proclamation of the Cretan Assembly, 90; action of Turkish Government, 90; sympathy of Greece, 90; ditto Russia, 90.

CASS, LEWIS.-Birth, 90; public career, 91; death, 92. Cattle Plague.-Its appearance in Europe, 93; extent of its ravages in Great Britain, 93; discases in the Western States, 93.

Central America.-How composed, 93. Guatemala: gov.. ernment of, 93; arca, 93; divisions of the country, 93;

Costa

debt, 93; commerce, 93. San Salvador: government, 93; area and population, 94; receipts and expenditures, 94; commerce, 91. Honduras: government, 94; area and population, 94; commerce, 94. Nicaragua: government, 94; area and population, 94; departments, 94. Rica: area and population, 94; increase, 94. CESARINI, SFORZA.-Birth, 94; pursuits, 94; death, 94. CHANLER, JOHN W.-Representative from New York, 124; offers a resolution, 238.

CHASE, S. P.-Chief Justice United States, 514; on the trial of Jefferson Davis, 514. Chemistry.-Progress of the year, 94; new elements. 94; a single primary element, 95; new class of compound metallic radicals, 95; a new alcohol, 95; ozone, 96; isomerism, 96; source of muscular power, 96; the sulphides, 97; some properties of the chloride of sulphur, 98; bichloride of carbon, 98; new variety of phosphorus, 98; natural and artificial production of the diamond, 98; ammonium amalgam, 99; new aniline colors, 99; detection of chloride, etc., by means of the spectroscope, 99; lime crucibles for great heats, 100; works and papers on chemical subjects, 100. Thili.-Government, 100; finances, 100; army, 100; debt,

100; fleet, 100; population, 100; blockade of the Spaniards, 100; treaty with Peru, 101; bombardment of Valparaiso threatened, 101; negotiations, 101; manifesto of the Spanish admiral, 102; action of foreign residents, 102; failure of efforts for peaceful adjustment, 103; protest, 103; the bombardment, 104; report of Com. Rodgers, 104; losses, 104; manifesto of the consuls, 104; blockade raised, 105; Spanish subjects ordered to leave, 105; election of President, 105.

China.-Aroa, 105; population, 105; army, 105; relations with

foreign countries, 105; imports and exports, 106; treaty

with Belgium, 106; convention with British and French ministers, 106; steamship line from San Francisco, 106; trade, 106; native traders, 106; piracy in Chinese waters, 106; progress of missions in China, 107.

Cholera, Asiatic.-Appearance in the United States, 107; rẻsults of the International Cholera Conference at Constantinople, 107-108; results on the subject of quarantine, 109; the epidemic in Europe, 109; fatal results, 109; and cases in New York, 109; arrival of vessels with cholera cases, 110; its course in New York, 111; ditto Brooklyn and other cities, 111; knowledge of the treatment not greatly advanced, 111.

Christian Connection.-Numbers, 111; Convention, 111; conferences represented, 111; report on the state of the country, 112; platform of the denomination, 112; Southern Christian Convention, 112.

Church of God.-A denomination, when organized, 112; their belief, 112; the church, how divided, 112; meeting of delegates, 112; letter from Texas, 112; Periodicals, 113. CLARK, DANIEL.-Senator from New Hampshire, 124; offers amendments, 189; on the bill to relieve officers, 219;

on Stockton's right to his seat, 227; on the bill for the election of Senators, 231.

CLAY, CLEMENT C.-Birth, 118; pursuits, 113; death, 113. CLEVELAND, ELISHA LORD.-Birth, 113; pursuits, 113; death, 113.

COLFAX, SCHUYLER.-Representative from Indiana, 124; chosen Speaker, 127; address, 127; oath, 127. Colombia, United States of-Government, 114; finances, 114; claims of territory, 114; commerce, 114; resignation of the President, 114; difficulty with the United States Minister, 114; decree concerning the Panama Railroad, 114; Colombian Congress, 114. Colorado.-Failure of the bill for admission to pass Con

gress, 114; objection, 114; veto, 115; election for delegate, 115; capital, 115; mining interests, 115; views of the Governor, 115; population, 115; activity of its friends for admission as a State, 116; area of the State, 116; mining product, 116; copper and silver, 116; iron, 117; specimens of silver ore, 117; agriculture, 117; Memorial relative to the admission of, 281.

Commerce of the United States.-Errors in statement of imports, 117; bonds held in Europe, 117; imports of 1866, 118; exports from New York during each month of the year, 118; do. for six years, 118; exports of spe cie, 118; balance of trade against us, 118; cause of large importations, 118; exports from New York, exclusive of specie, 119; foreign imports, 119; do. at New York for a series of years, 119; receipts for customs at New York, 119; arrivals of vessels, 120; do. coastwise, 120; tonnage of the New York canals, 120; value, 120; movement of freight, 120; tonnage arriving at tide-water, 120; specie value of imports and exports in the last six months of 1866, 120; results, 121; specie value of exports and imports for a series of years, 122; value of produce received at New Orleans for a series of years,

122.

Congregationalists.-Number of churches, 122; location, 122; pastors in British America, 123; total membership of the churches, 128; benevolent contributions, 123; Southern missions, 123; Congregationalism in England, 123.

Congress, U. S.-When convened, 124; in the Senate, credentials of John P. Stockton presented, 124; protest made, 124; resolutions declaratory of the adoption of the Constitutional Amendment, 125; resolutions declar atory of the duty of Congress in respect to the guaran ties of the national security and the national faith in the Southern States, 125; do. declaratory of the duty o

Congress in respect to the loyal citizens in Southern States, 125.

In the House, motion to elect a Speaker, 126; first settle who are members of the House, 126; if Tennessee is not in the Union and its people aliens, by what right does the President hold his seat? 126; reasons of the Clerk for omitting certain States, 126; Louisiana representatives, 126; Schuyler Colfax chosen Speaker, 127; his speech, 127; takes the oath, 127.

Motion for a joint committee of fifteen, 123; adopted, 128.

In the Senate, credentials of Mississippi Senators presented, 128; resolutions of the Vermont Legislature on reconstruction of Southern States, 123.

In the House, election of Chaplain, 128; C. B. Boynton nominated, 128; his qualifications, 128; Thos. H. Stockton nominated, 128; his qualifications, 128; Chas. B. Parsons nominated, 129; his qualifications, 129; L. C. Matlock nominated, 129; his qualifications, 129; Thos. H. Stockton's nomination seconded, 129; James Presley nominated, 129; his qualifications, 129; James G. Butler nominated, 129; his qualifications, 129; J. II. C. Bouté nominated, 129; his qualifications, 129; B. H. Nadal nominated, 129; his qualifications, 129; John W. Jackson nominated, 129; his qualifications, 129; John Chambers nominated, 130; his qualifications, 180; Gen. Grant suggested, 130; election of C. B. Boynton, 130.

Resolution relative to repudiation of the public debt, 130; adopted, 130.

Resolutions on amendments to the Constitution, 130; read and referred, 130; resolution to base representation on the number of electors instead of population, 130.

Resolutions relative to amendments of the Constitution, 131; do. on the origin of powers of government, taxation, color, and mercy to enemies, 131.

In the Senate, resolution calling upon the President for information respecting the Southern States, 131; his reply, 181; report of Gen. Grant, 132; call for Gen. Schurz's report, 133; discussion, 133.

In the House, resolution to admit Southern representatives to the floor pending the question of their admission, 183; do. calling for information relative to a decree of peonage in Mexico, 133.

In the Senate, a resolution for a joint committee of fifteen on reconstruction, 133; amendment to refer all papers to said committee, 133; the House resolution is a pledge to each House not to readmit Southern States until a report has been made, 134; present position of those States, 134; not to-day loyal States, 134; the purpose for both Houses, 184; construction of the resolution, 134; all these questions should be referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, 135; it is constituted to consider such questions, 135; the Senate does not stand on an equality with the House in the proposed committee, 135; the resolution reaches beyond the power of the present Congress, 135; suppose this provision had been in the resolution to raise the Committee on the Conduct of the War, 135; the two Houses under the Constitution, 185; the resolution takes from the Senate all power to act until a report is made, 136; it excludes eleven States of the Union, 136; status of the States, 186; the disorganization did not destroy States, 186; important to have a committee, 136; the committee could accomplish all with reference of credentials or change in the order of business, 137; the admission of Senators is not involved in this question, 137; many things been done for which there was no authority, 137; what determines the rights of States to be represented here, 138; resolution adopted after the battle of Manassas, 133; shall a report of a joint committee of the two Houses override a fundamental

law of the land? 138; this subject belongs exclusively to the Senate, 188; what is the resolution? 188; State organizations in certain States of the Union have been usurped and overthrown, 183; amendment offered, 189; the committee can give us no information which we do not now possess, 139; duty of the President, 139; what has he done? 189; amendment rejected, 139; resolution adopted, 139; the resolution, 139; considered in the House, 189; does it not conflict with the seventh section of the first article of the Constitution, 140; committee appointed, 140; reference of all papers to committee, 140; authority to send for persons and papers granted,

140.

In the Senate, instructions to the reconstruction committee, 140.

In the House, resolutions relative to class rule sai aristocracy as a privileged power, 141.

In the House, reference of President's message, 141; first duty of Congress to pass a law declaring the condition of these outside or defunct States, and providing proper civil governments for them, 141; never should be reorganized as in the Union until the Constitution has been so amended as to secure perpetual ascendency to the Union party, 141; representation from these States, 141; duty on exports, 141; Congress is bound to provide for the emancipated slaves until they can take care of themselves, 142; two things of vital importance, 142; a white man's government, 142; this Congress should set the scal of reprobation upon such a doctrine, 142; this is not a white man's government, 142.

In the House, a resolution relative to the debt of the late Confederacy, 143.

Do. for an equitable division of arms among the Northern States, 148.

Do, relative to the extension of the elective franchise in States, 143.

A bill to enable yal citizens in Southern States to form a constitution and State government, 143.

Amendment to the Constitution relative to the Cofederate debt, reported from the Judiciary Committee, 143; action of the House, 143–144.

Resolution relative to retaining the military force of the Government in the Southern States, 144; passed, 141.

Do. on the legitimate consequences of the war, 144. Do. on the President's Message, and the principles therein advocated, 144; referred to the Joint Committee, 145.

Do. on the support of the measures of the President by the House, 145.

Do. on the proper requirements to be secured from the Southern States on establishing Federal relations with them, 145.

Do. on the grants of powers under the Constitution, etc., 145,

A joint resolution from the Reconstruction Committee relative to representation and taxation, 146; purposes to change the basis of representation to a representation upon all persons, provided where a State excludes a particular class, it shall not be entitled to representation for that class, 146; its adoption would prevent qualified suffrage to colored people, 146; many reasons for its commendation, 146; these propositions introduced only for the purpose of agitation, 146; objections to the resolution, 146; am.ndment offered, 147; the question towers above all party consideration, 147; this action is proposed on the pris ciple that the Southern States are subjugated, 147; the principle examined, 147; resolution recommitted, 147; reported back amended, 147; adopted, 145,

Resolutions on the right of secession, powers of Congress, and the separation of the black race from the whites, 148.

Resolution on secession, rights of blacks, and recognition of the Confederate debt, 148.

Resolutions on the object of the war, the necessity of maintaining the suspension of the habeas corpus, and the military occupation of the Southern States, 149; adopted, 149.

In the Senate, amendment of the Constitution relative to the apportionment of representation considered, 149; nothing less than another compromise of human rights, 149; counter proposition offered, 149; in vain to expect the return of the Southern States to the Union until that security for the future found in the equal rights of all, whether in the court-room or ballot-box, was ob tained, 149; necessity and duty of exercising the jurisdiction of Congress, 149; impartial suffrage asked, 150; the ballot equally necessary to the freedmen and to the Republic, 150; amendment proposed, 150; views of the committee in recommending the joint resolution, 150; various plans of reconstruction considered, 151; upon what principle does this proposition rest, 151; on a political policy, 151; the amendment presents an alternative to each State, 152; negro and Asiatic suffrage must be adopted, or a State will be stripped of a portion of its power under the Constitution, 152; a question of incalculable importance, 152; opens the whole vast subject of reconstruction, 152; most important proposition ever brought before Congress, 153; eloquence of Chatham and Brougham, 153; argument for rejection examined, 153; what shall be done, 154; reply to objections, 154; amendments offered, 154; adopted, 154.

In the House, concurrent resolution from reconstruction committee to admit no Senator or Representative until Congress declares the right of the State to representa tion, 155; minority report, 155; resolution adopted, 155.

In the Senate, concurrent resolution received from the House, 155; explanation, 155; further explanation, 156; statements of the President relative to an irresponsible directory, 156; further examination of the President's remarks, 157; legislative power granted to the committee, 157; nobody but Congress the right to settle the preliminary question whether the States are entitled to have representatives here or not, 157; reason why committee proposed this proposition, 158; resolution important, in order that Congress may assert distinctly its own rights and its own powers, 158; where are we? 158; are we confined merely to a question of papers? 159; the President has spoken unguardedly, 159; what are the consequences of successful war? 159; Vattel, 159; the consequences of civil war precisely the same, 159; does our form of government change in any way the nature and inevitable legal consequences of a civil war? 160; the Constitution has not specifically provided for a civil war, 160; it never contemplated civil war, 160; a State may be utterly extinguished and swept out of existence by civil war, 160; a State may forfeit its status, 160; the great abuse that these States were not admitted to representation while the Government was going on to tax them, 161; not been together ninety days when we are called upon to admit Senators and Representatives, 161; by civil war they lost all rights, 161; as soon as it can be done safely, these States should be reestablished in the Union, 162; meaning of the resolution, 162; it asserts that with Congress alone rests the. duty of defining when a State once declared to be in insurrection, shall be admitted to representation, 162; the Wade-Davis bill, 162; other propositions, 163; test the

proposition by the simplest principles of constitutional law, 168; the power must vest in Congress, 163; the bare assertion of this power does not tend to promote the object stated in the resolution, 164; the real difficulty in this whole matter has been the unfortunate failure of the executive and legislative branches of the Government to agree upon some plan of reconstruction, 164; a proper law passed at the end of the last session would have prevented all controversy, 164; Lincoln regretted he had not accepted the Wade-Davis bill, 165; having failed to do our constitutional duty, have we a right now to arraign Andrew Johnson for following out a plan which in his judgment he deemed best? 165; what is the condition of these States? 165; what is the legal result of a State being in insurrection? 165; the steps adopted by President Johnson in his plan of reconstruction, 166; with a single stroke he swept away the whole superstructure of the rebellion, 166; the first element of his plan, 166; agencies and organs which the plan was to go on, 166; full and ample protection to the freedmen enforced, 167; what are the objections to this policy? 167; the principal, that he did not extend his invitation to all the loyal men of the Southern States, including the colored as well as the white, 167; the prejudice of the army was against negro suffrage, 167; we complain that the President has not exercised the power to extend to freedmen the right of suffrage, when Congress never has done it, 168; we have never conferred the right to vote on negroes in Territories, 168; what are the two great systems of.policy with regard to reconstruction and reunion on which the minds of the people are now divided? 168; one or the other must be adopted, 169; impossible that the public mind can be diverted by any other question, 169; what is the present condition of the Southern States? 169; the character of the Government under which we live, 169; is the Government created by the Constitution a national Government? 170; not only is the power of the Government limited in its legislative department, but it is equally limited in its judicial department, 171; the Constitution never contemplated that the States should cease to exist, 171; it is asserted that their relations as States to the Government have terminated, 171: the resolution of 1862, 171; what provision is there in the Constitution which puts it in the authority of this body to deny to any State an equal representation with the other States, 172; a cardinal principle that each State should be entitled to equal suffrage in the Senate, 172; what are we doing? 172; it is said to be an error to suppose that the insurrection was put down by using that clause of the Constitution, "to suppress insurrection," 172; decision in prize cases, 178; what was the question before the court? 173; blot out the States, and the Government is ended, 178; case in point, 173; why are these courts in these States? 174; the right of war, 174; what, the Government conquer States, and by virtue of that conquest extingnish States? 174; rights of conquest, 174; a great many thought the insurrection had a just foundation, 175; meaning of this resolution, 175; two purposes intended by the resolution, 175; it undertakes to establish the idea that these States have to be brought back into the Union by act of Congress, 176; all abolitionists now, 176; who dare say he is not an abolitionist? 176; we shall prevail, 176; in one month, every man here who claims he is not a Radical, will wish he had been, 177; let us for a minute contemplate this most extraordinary proposition, 177; a setting aside of the Constitution itself, 177; the whole is monstrous, no matter in what light it may be viewed, 177; we have no right to do this, 178; the action of the two Houces should be kept

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