over in the foreign and coast wise trades; that including casuals, about 150,000 men are employed in handling, checking, and storing cargo; and that approximately 12,000 persons are employed in the larger shore establishments, exclusive of shipyards and longshore labor-a total of 266,000 persons. This number would be materially increased if ships of less than 1,000 gross tons, small boatbuilding and repair plants, and small shore establishments were included in the estimate. Mr. TABER. As to those 43 ships to which you are going to allocate the total and the cost of each, and the differential that the Fleet Corporation is to pay, I wonder if you could put that up in a table so that it would show pretty clearly all at one glance, with the totals following? Mr. KENNEDY. Yes, sir; we could do that. (The information desired has been furnished the committee.) SPECIAL NAVAL FEATURES FOR UNITED STATES SHIPS Mr. BACON. As I understand the law, in addition to the difference. in cost of production in building a ship, you are required to pay for any special naval features that go into that ship? Mr. KENNEDY. Yes, sir. Mr. BACON. Are any special naval features contemplated in this building program?. Admiral LAND. Yes, sir; there are. It is stated in the bill that any national-defense expense must be paid by the Government and not by the contractor. Each type of ship, dependent upon its size, will be given such structural foundations as are required to satisfy the desires of the Navy for the purpose of using these vessels in time cf emergency. The details, of course, will vary with the displacement of the ship, the speed of the ship, and the character of the ship; that is, a cargo ship would have very little, while in some of the large liners there would be many times as much in the way of foundations for such guns as the country desires to install in time of emergency. Mr. BOYLAN. Has the Commission formulated coordinated specifications for these ships? Admiral LAND. Tentatively we have scheduled the characteristics with the idea that such characteristics as we put out will do four things: (1) They will conform to the International Safety at Sea Convention, which is a convention approved by Congress. (2) They will conform to the American Bureau of Shipping classification. (3) They will conform to the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation. (4) They will be advantageous in time of emergency to the Navy Department, because the law again requires that we have them pass upon these plans. Mr. BOYLAN. Who will lay down the specifications? Admiral LAND. That will be done jointly; and with respect to what is in existence today, there are contract plans and specifications available for certain designs which we know are capable of rapid construction, and which are satisfactory to the Navy Department and are satisfactory to the Commission. Mr. BACON. With respect to the 43 ships that will be built for the specific lines that we have talked about, I suppose those 43 plans and specifications will be submitted to you by those owners? Mr. KENNEDY. That is right. Mr. BACON. That is what they want, and then you have a veto on it? Mr. KENNEDY. That is right. Mr. BACON. You approve it or not, and the Navy approves it or not? Admiral LAND. That is right. Mr. BACON. But as far as the other ships are concerned, I suppose you will originate the plans? Admiral LAND. Not necessarily. There are in existence today plans that are satisfactory to the operators, satisfactory to the Commission, and satisfactory to the Navy Department. We found cases where specifications were put out to bid and contracts were not awarded for various reasons. But there are in existence today a good many that we know of, of different types of ships, both cargo and passenger ships, in which the plans and specification are immediately available. Mr. BOYLAN. But in order to invite bids on a ship, you have to talk about and decide on the particular plans and specifications; you cannot go out and invite bids otherwise? Mr. KENNEDY. Yes, sir. The operator does that with us. We get the Navy's opinion, and then we go ahead with the operators. We will confer with all the shipping people in the country in order to get a ship that will be modern. Mr. BOYLAN. And that will be the basis of the bids? AGE, LACK OF SPEED, AND CONDITION OF EQUIPMENT OF SHIPS TO BE DISCARDED Mr. LUDLOW. I imagine that you are going to be asked many questions as to why it is necessary to discard many of those ships. Why is that? Is it because of the slowness of the speed? Admiral LAND. It is primarily because of age. Mr. LUDLOW. I notice in the data that you submit here that the United Fruit Co. has been operating some ships for 56 years. Mr. BACON. I do not believe those are any of their principal ships. They may have some tugboats that are as old as that. Commander VICKERY. There are a couple of old ships of that kind. Admiral LAND. The primary defect is age, the second is speed, and the third is equipment. This residue of 196 ships is a hand-me-down item from those 2,300 wartime ships. They are not only completely obsolete, but they are very uneconomical to operate. The machinery is uneconomical, and the repairs are astoundingly great. So it is impossible to do a decent job in competition with those ships that are in being as of today. Mr. WOODRUM. What are you going to do finally with them, Admiral? Admiral LAND. I know what the chairman wants to do with them. We want to get rid of them. Mr. KENNEDY. The proposed construction program is considered of prime importance, inasmuch as Government-owned vessels presently under control of the Maritime Commission have reached such an advanced age and stage of obsolescence that they are unsuitable as replacements, or additions to the merchant marine. The vessels in the laid-up fleet, with the exception of those which have no operating value and are now advertised for sale, are held primarily for use as naval auxiliaries in the case of national emergency at the insistence of the Navy Department; otherwise, they might have been sold long ago. CONSTRUCTION LOANS AND SHIP SALES NOTES OVERDUE Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Are there substantial sums overdue with respect to construction loans, in principal and interest? Mr. KENNEDY. Yes, sir. Mr. GIBBONS. As of May 31, on construction loans, there was overdue $2,431,000. Mr. KENNEDY. Yes; but that is not a fair statement. Two million was overdue, but what does that represent in the entire amount of the companies' obligations to us? Mr. GIBBONS. I will have to give it to you by companies. Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I do not care about taking the time now, but if you will furnish the committee with a complete statement showing in each instance, the amount, and how long it is overdue, I will appreciate it. Mr. GIBBONS. We will do so. (The information requested was furnished to the committee.) Mr. TABER. As to these 43 ships that you have contracted for, or expect to contract for, I wish you would show the amount that probably will be expended in 1938 toward their construction by the Government, and the amount that will be expended thereafter. I would like also to have the same information separately as to the 52 ships. Mr. TRUITT. Do you understand that these contracts will be awarded as the result of sealed competitive bids? Mr. TABER. Yes. Mr. TRUITT. Have you given consideration to what that might result in, if we gave out those figures in advance, or the figures showing what the cost might possibly run? Mr. TABER. I have not asked you to do that as to each vessel. I have asked that information as to the 43 ships and as to the 52 ships. They will be advertised as individual ships, and not in bulk. I do not see any objection to that. Mr. KENNEDY. We can furnish that as to the total. Mr. TABER. Also give the estimated expenditures on the 52 ships in 1938, with the total cost. Admiral LAND. All of that is on the chart. Mr. BACON. I think Mr. Kennedy should be given permission to delete from the record any information that he thinks would be inadvisable to publish. Mr. WOODRUM. He will have that permission. Mr. LUDLOW. You have not been obliged to take back any ships on account of defaults, have you? Mr. KENNEDY. No, sir; we have not pressed the defaults. As it stands now, we may have a few defaults before the 30th of June. We are all right at this time, and I am sure that we can protect the Government. Mr. WOODRUM. Gentlemen, we are very much obliged to you for your statements. (NOTE. The following testimony held in connection with, and the appropriation discussed herein carried in, H. J. Res. 415 (Public Res. 45).) WEDNESDAY, JUNE 16, 1937. AMERICAN BATTLE MONUMENTS COMMISSION STATEMENTS OF HON. FINIS GARRETT, COMMISSIONER; AND JAMES E. MANGUM, EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT DEDICATION OF CHAPELS AND OTHER MEMORIALS Mr. WOODRUM. We have before us an estimate in House Document No. 262 of $200,000 for expenses of the American Battle Monuments Commission, in connection with the dedication of chapels and other World War memorials, erected in Europe. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS MONUMENTS AND CEMETERIES Mr. Mangum, will you insert in the record at this point a statement showing the location of these monuments, giving a brief description of them; the amount the Government has spent up to this time on the erection of these monuments, the dates of the dedication ceremonies, the number of American soldiers involved, and such other information or data as you think will be interesting to the Members of Congress? Mr. MANGUM. I shall do that, Mr. Chairman. The following statements give a list of the monuments, a list of the cemeteries, and the dates fixed for the dedication of the chapels and the memorials: Audenarde, Belgium.... Near Bellicourt, France.. Brest, France__. Cantigny, France.... Monuments Commemorates services of— 37th and 91st Divisions and the 53d Field Artillery Brigade while serving in Belgium. 27th, 30th, 33d, and 80th Divisions and the 6th and 11th Engineers in northern France. American Navy in Europe and surrounding waters. 1st Division, in the first independent attack by an American division during the World War. Near Château-Thierry, France. 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 26th, 28th, 32d, 42d, 77th, and Gibraltar... Montfaucon, France. On Montsec, France... Near Sommepy, France. Tours, France... Near Vierstraat, Belgium............... 93d Divisions in the Aisne-Marne region of France. American Navy in the waters near Gibraltar. 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 26th, 28th, 29th, 32d, 33d, 35th, 36th, 37th, 42d, 77th, 78th, 79th, 80th, 81st, 82d, 89th, 90th, 91st, and 92d Divisions in the Meuse-Argonne region of France. 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 26th, 28th, 29th, 32d, 33d, 35th, 37th, 42d, 77th, 78th, 79th, 80th, 81st, 82d, 88th, 89th, 90th, 91st, and 92d Divisions in the St. Mihiel region of France. 2d, 36th, 42d, and 93d Divisions in operations with the French in the Champagne region of France. Services of Supply of the American Expeditionary Forces. 27th and 30th Divisions in the vicinity of Vierstraat. In addition to these memorials the Commission has placed a small bronze tablet at Chaumont, France, to mark the Headquarters of the American Expeditionary Forces, and another at Souilly, France, to mark the Headquarters of the American First Army during the World War. Aisne-Marne American Cemetery, near Belleau, France. Somme American Cemetery, near Bony, France. Brookwood American Cemetery, Oise-Aisne American Cemetery, near Fère-en-Tardenois, France. Meuse-Argonne American Ceme- St. Mihiel American Cemetery, near Thiaucourt, France. Flanders Field American Cemetery, near Waereghem, Belgium. Cemeteries Number of burials This cemetery is the burial place of 2,288 This cemetery is the burial place of 6,012 This cemetery is the burial place of 14,238 This cemetery contains the graves of 1,541 Americans. While most of those who sleep here died in hospitals in the rear zones of France, many of them had been wounded in battle and died after being evacuated to these hospitals. This cemetery is the burial place of 4,152 Americans, most of whom lost their lives in the operations which began Sept. 12 and ended Sept. 16, 1918. This cemetery is the burial place of 368 Americans, most of whom gave their lives in helping free Belgium from the Germans. DATES OF DEDICATION The chapels in the American cemeteries in France were dedicated on May 20, 1937, and the dates fixed for the dedication of the other chapels and memorials are as follows: August 3, Tuesday, Sommepy. August 5, Thursday, Tours. August 8 (a. m.), Sunday, Chapel, Flanders Field Cemetery. August 8 (p. m.), Sunday, Audenarde. August 8 (p. m.), Sunday, Vierstraat. August 9 (a. m.), Monday, Bellicourt. August 9 (p. m.), Monday, Cantigny. August 12, Thursday, Brest. August 15, Sunday, Chapel, Brookwood Cemetery. October, date to be fixed, Chateau-Thierry. Mr. WOODRUM. Judge Garrett, we shall be very glad to hear from you at this time. Mr. GARRETT. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, I think I should say at the outset that I was unable to appear at the meeting of the Commission at which this estimate, or the idea of it, originated. I have learned from the minutes, of course, what occurred. But as for the |