and the Canadian preference was thereby halved.

Duties on seven other timber items were reduced with Canadian preferences cut in half in each

case.

Newfoundland reduced duties on certain types of paper and stationery products from 60% to 45%, and bound duty-free status of printing paper. South Africa reduced duty on plywood from 48. or 25% to 38. or 25%, and duty and preference on unmanufactured soft wood from 9s. per 100 cubic feet to 4s. 6d. Czechoslovakia bound duty-free treatment of non-European wood. Norway bound hickory and oak lumber on the free list.

Brazil granted reductions of 10% - 25% on white, colored and printed crepe, glassine, oiled, tracing, grease-proof, and tissue paper in sheets, spools or rolls. A binding of duty-free status of books in ordinary bindings was granted. Cuba reduced the duty on wooden shooks for crates and granted a 50% cut on plywood. Duty on cardboard containers in which goods are imported was reduced 21%.

Rubber and Leather Products

The United Kingdom lowered the duty on rubber tubing and piping by 1/3 and reduced the ad valorem rate on women's footwear. Canada reduced the duty on shoes by 8-1/3 percent, and on leather trunks, valises, musical instrument cases, fancy boxes, etc., by 16-2/3 percent. Newfoundland reduced duties on sole leather by 67 percent; leather clothing by 27 percent; women's and children's boots and shoes by 14 percent; and gloves and mitts, by 11 percent. Rubber boots were bound free. The margin of British Preference was reduced on sole leather and on rough, split and undressed leathers.

Southern Rhodesia bound the present duty on unmanufactured rubber. The Union of South Africa reduced the duty on ladies handbags by 16-2/3 percent, while that on women's shoes was bound at the existing rate. New Zealand bound dressed goat and kidskins at 3%. Czechoslovakia reduced by 43 percent duties on inner tubes, and by 50 percent, duties on tire casings and rubber transmission belts. The present rates of duty on rubber hose and leather scrap were bound. Reductions were granted on kid and patent leather, and on glove leather. Norway bound duty free rubber, certain gums and resins, and certain rubber semi-manufactures. Automobile tires and tubes, and transmission belting were bound at present duty levels.

Cuba

Lebanon reduced the duty on tires and tubes by 40 percent. Gilt, silvered, bronzed and patent leathers were bound at existing rates. reduced the duty on synthetic rubber by 50 percent. Increases of 39 percent and 26 percent were made on pneumatic tires and inner tubes, respectively. However, the duty on these two items will be lower on an ad valorem basis than prewar rates. Chile reduced the duty by 50 percent on special over-size tires. Transmission belting of leather and rubber was bound.

China reduced the duty on tires and tubes by 20% and bound the rate on miscellaneous rubber products. The duties on leather for belting, certain upper leather and patent leather were also bound.

Medicinals, Pharmaceuticals, Toilet Preparations - The United Kingdom reduced the margin of preference on toilet preparations by 25%, binding the existing duty. Canada granted moderate reductions on perfumery and toilet preparations. Australia granted a substantial reduction on medicinal paraffin oil and turpentine. Newfoundland reduced the duty on tooth pastes and powders by 23 percent. Ceylon bound the duty on patent medicines, while penicillin and its by-products were granted duty-free treatment. New Zealand reduced the preference and cut the duty on toilet preparations by more than 25%. Union of South Africa bound penicillin on the free list. Burma bound duties at 30% for various drugs and medicines and continued duty-free treatment for quinine sulphate and bisulphate.

India reduced duties from 36% to 30% on penicillin and its products, and on other antibiotics, cod liver oil, sulphur drugs, vitamin preparations, and crude iodine. Duties on phenol, acetic acid, boric acid and borax were reduced from 30% to 25%. Duties on dentifrices and shaving soaps and creams were reduced from 30% to 24%. Czechoslovakia granted a moderate reduction on fine soaps. Norway bound duty free certain pharmaceutical products. Certain cosmetics and dentrifices were bound against increase.

Lebanon reduced the duty on tooth pastes, liquids and powders by 50 percent. Cosmetics and articles of perfumery, as well as waxes, creams, pastes and similar preparations, were reduced by 20 percent. Pharmaceutical products were bound at the existing rate. Cuba reduced the duty on pills, capsules, medicinal lozenges and similar articles by 45 percent. Chile bound moderate duties on vitamins and on pastilles, tablets, pills, capsules, globules, wafers, etc. with medicaments. China reduced duties by 10% to 20% an anti-biotics, such as penicillin and penicillin products. The rates on most other drugs and medicines, including ginseng, were bound.

Chemicals, Paints and Related Products The United Kingdom bound sulphur and rosin on the free list and a 10% rate was bound on carbon black. France reduced the duty on refined borax by 68 percent; benzols and toluols by 32 percent; various organic chemicals by 20 to 40 percent. Anhydrous refined borax has been made duty free, while raw sulphur, crude borax and carbon black were bound free of duty. Synthetic sodium nitrate which was on the free list with quota has been made duty free, with the right to impose a duty of not to exceed 10% under certain circumstances.

Australia eliminated the duties on carbon black, granted a substantial reduction on paraffin oil other than medicinal, and a smaller reduction on turpentine substitutes.

21

India reduced duties on certain paints and solutions and menthol from 36% to 24%. Present low duties on coal tar dyes were bound. New Zealand bound the existing rate of duty on turpentine, rosin and synthetic resins. The margin of preference on ready-mixed paint was reduced by 33-1/3 percent but the duty was not bound. Southern Rhodesia bound the present rate of duty on paints and colors. Ceylon reduced duty on certain chemicals paints, colors, and enamels 20 percent.

Brazil reduced the duty on coal tar dyes and turpentine by 30 percent. Chile reduced by 50 percent the duty on mixtures of chemicals for manufacturing pharmaceutical products. Cresilic acid with a mixture of sulphide of phosphorous for concentration of minerals was reduced by 33-1/3 percent. Moderate rates of duty were bound on xantogenic anhydride, diastases and phenols (liquid, crude and cresol), and potassium xanthate. duty on pine rosin was bound.

The

Cuba reduced the duty on oil of turpentine by 50 percent, and created a new tariff item to provide for natural and synthetic beverage extracts without sweetening. Artificial colors, in powder and lumps, was reduced by 33 percent.

Czechoslovakia bound duty free rosin, colophony, phosphate rock,

crude borax, turpentine and sulphur, and granted a moderate reduction on cleaning pastes. The duty on lampblack was bound. Synthetic sodium nitrate was bound free on an annual quantity basis. Benelux bound duty free crude sulphur, silicon and boron carbide, lamp black and certain synthetic fertilizers. Turpentine was reduced from 10% to free. Existing duties were bound on soaps, varnishes, and soapless detergents.

Lebanon bound duty free insecticides, disinfectants, and similar preparations. Norway bound free sulphur, bone black, graphite, stearic acid, certain other fatty acids, insecticides and weed killers. The duty on turpentine was reduced by 43 percent. Certain varnishes and polishes, including cellulose lacquer, were bound at present levels. China bound duties on analine and other coal tar dyes, carbon black, and artificial indigo, and also the rates on carbolic acid, borax, nitrate of soda, inks, enamels, paints, varnishes, lacquers, polishes and crude synthetic resins. China granted moderate reductions on insecticides and disinfectants.

Miscellaneous Products The United Kingdom reduced duties by 1/3 on 16 mm. movie cameras, projectors, and arc lamps for projectors and lowered the rate on 9.5 mm. cameras by 20%. Moderate rates on celluloid film base and other celluloid in rolls were bound. The United Kingdom reduced the duty on phonograph records by 25% and made substantial reductions on artificial teeth.

Canada reduced the duty on wood furniture from 32-1/2% to 27-1/2% and on other furniture from 27-1/2% to 25%. Table-ware of China and porcelain was reduced from 35% to 25% and of earthenware, from 25% to 20%-in both cases, reducing the margin of preference. There was also a reduction on staple glassware, from 27-1/2% to 22-1/2%. Canada also granted reductions on skis, fishing rods, game boards, phonographs, brass band instruments, organs, brushes, buttons, lead pencils, crayons, mirrors, picture frames, and jewelry. An important preference was eliminated by Canada on motion picture positives. The rate to the United States as to all others becomes 1-1/2¢ per foot. The duty on negatives was reduced from 25% to 10%. Bulk advertising matter was also accorded a duty reduction.

New Zealand reduced the duty on cameras from 55% to 40% with a corresponding reduction in preference. The duty on projectors was reduced by 18% and the preference by 28%. Lotion picture films were bound on the free list. The duty on tool handles was bound, and surgeons' appliances were bound free. The duties on surgical and dental instruments, linoleum and oven glassware were reduced by over 35% with a corresponding reduction of preferences.

India bound existing duties on fountain pens, and granted reductions on optical instruments and one-day alarm clocks. The duties on motion picture projectors and sound recording apparatus were bound. Australia eliminated the duty and preference on cameras. Ceylon reduced the duty on photographic apparatus and instruments from 50% to 35%, and lowered duties on chinaware and porcelain ware. France granted concessions on

hand and motion picture cameras and on motion picture projectors.

Czechoslovakia bound moderate duties on vulcanized fiber and abrasive paper and granted a small reduction on abrasive cloth. The duty on unexposed motion picture film was bound and the rate on other film was reduced by 50%. A 40% decrease was granted on record keeping equipment, and a 50% cut on spark plugs. Norway bound existing duties on unexposed photographic and motion picture film. China bound the favorable duties on linoleum and other hard surface floor coverings. Other duty bindings affect cameras, lenses, camera parts, unexposed film, plates, photographic paper and several other photographic materials, and miscellaneous building materials.

Chile bound duties on certain abrasives, certain vitreous compositions, and refractory bricks and shapes, mine fuses, sandpaper, emery paper and cloth, artificial teeth and eyes, thermometers, barometers and similar instruments. Brazil reduced the duties on certain photographic and motion picture cameras by about 25%.

Australia Concessions were made by Australia on 126 tariff items, involving a considerably larger number of individual products, of primary interest to the United States. On 87 of these items duties were reduced, on 26 items duties were reduced but not bound, on 10 items the existing rates were bound against increase, on 2 items preference margins only were bound and 1 item was bound on the duty-free list. The concessions granted involved action with respect to preferences on practically all of these items. On 13 items the preference was eliminated, on 93 the preference was reduced and on 17 the existing margin of preference was bound. The concessions of principal interest to the United States represent Stg. 7,520,000 ($33,088,000) of trade on the basis of 1939 imports from the United States or 51 percent of the Commonwealth's total imports from this country in that year. Imports into Australia from the United States in 1939 amounted to Stg. 14,649,000 or 14 percent of the total $Stg. 102,156,OCO. year ended June 31, 1947 imports from the United States amounted to Stg. 36,008,000 of 20 percent of the total Stg. 184,688,CCO.

For the

Items of primary interest to the United States on which concessions were made are tobacco, certain office machines, refrigerators, machine tools, lubricating oil, tractors and automobiles.

Machinery and Appliances - Concessions were made on 45 tariff items under this group. The duty of 20 percent and the margin of preference of 10 percent on monoline type composing machines were eliminated and this item placed on the free list. Linotype and monotype composing machines were accorded a 50 percent duty cut and duties on 2 printing press items were reduced by 25 percent and 33 percent respectively. In general, the primage duty of 4 percent on drilling machines, lathes, milling, planing, shaping and grinding machines and other machine tools was eliminated leaving the rate of duty and preference at 15 percent. The margin of preference was bound, but in many instances the rate remains unbound. The unbound rates apply to those items which are, or may be manufactured in Australia. The duty and preference on tractors imported under by-law was bound at the existing rate of 10 percent and on others at 12-1/2 percent. Reductions in duties were also obtained on air and gas compressors, metal working machines, meters and measuring and recording instruments.

Automotive Products Concessions were made on 20 of the tariff classifications covering automobiles. The majority of these concessions were reductions in duty ranging from 25 percent to 60 percent with corresponding reductions in the margin of preference. The reduction in the rate on chassis was not bound, but the reduction in the margin of preference was bound. The duty and preference on motorcycles were eliminated and this item placed on the free list. The duty and margin of preference on airplanes were reduced from 20 percent to 10 percent.

M

Electrical Equipment and Apparatus Concessions were made on 16 tariff items in this group representing Stg. 245,000 of imports or 30 percent of the total imports of these items into Australia during 1939. Refrigerators and refrigerator parts make up the bulk of this group; the duty and preference on these items were reduced more than 25 percent. Other items, on which the reductions in duty and preference were less than 25 percent, include electrical stoves, ranges, ovens, radiators, toasters, etc., elements for radiators, toasters and kettles, electric motors under 1 H.P., wireless receivers, parts and accessories, valves for wireless telegraphy and alternating current meters.

Agricultural Products

Concessions were obtained on 17 agricultural items representing LStg. 2,154,000 of trade or 75 percent of the total imports of these items during 1939. Unmanufactured tobacco accounts for 80 percent of the imports from the United States in this group. The preference on cigarettes was eliminated and the duty reduced from 338.4d. plus 10 percent to 31s. per pound. The duty on unmanufactured