CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1874

Abstracts 1218 - 1222

EUROPE (Cont'd)

1218 L Jan. 7; ed: 4/3 - Whether ex-president Castelar of Spain deserves all the harsh criticism now being aimed at him depends very much upon whether he was personally responsible for the act of usurpation attempted by General Pavia.

"The fact that Castelar refused from the first to continue further in power after he had been out-voted should make us careful of accusing him of usurpation - until the complete history of this episode is known."

1219 L Jan. 8; ed: 4/3 - The Spaniards in Cuba are at least frank in
their rejoicing over the change of government in Madrid. The Spaniards
in Spain keep up the pretense that although Castelar has been taken
down and Serrano set up in his place, the republic will go on as before.
In their hearts they know better. Not so the peninsular on his ever
faithful aisle. He knows that from a president like Serrano to a king
is a natural inevitable step; and moreover, one he hopes for. He
has not forgotten that it was Castelar who made the volunteers give up
the VIRGINIUS and forbade the continuation of nice afternoon shooting
parties at Santiago. He sees no use trying to maintain a republic with-
out a republican people, and, for once, the bold peninsular is logical
and candid.

1220 L Jan. 10; ed: 4/1,2 - In the French assembly a large number of the members who sustain the McMahon government were absent. The opposition, being in the majority, refused a vote of confidence. The cabinet therefore resigned. A similar case of absenteeism might happen in Congress or in any state legislature but no one would have resigned.

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1221 L Jan. 15; ed: 4/2 The intransigents in the cortes and the leading spirts of that faction have made good their escape on the ironclad NUMANCIA, which had taken refuge in the harbor or Cartagena. Whether the government pursued or made any serious attempts to stop the NUMANCIA is not clear. The load that she carried is the most precious riddance Spain ever had; and if the communists would only keep clear of their native country from this time forward, Serrano could well afford to forgive them for running away with one of the finest ironclads in the Spanish navy.

1222 - L Jan. 19; ed: 4/1 Victor Emmanuel, king of Italy, has recently
done one of those things which seem to be permissible in monarchs but
quite out of character in other men - namely, married his mistress.
Humbert and Amadeus, with their two wifes, are in high dudgeon about it
and it will require at lease two separate houses for the royal family
of Italy to live in hereafter.

"There's a divinity which doth hedge about a King."

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CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1874

1223 L Jan. 19; ed: 4/3 Now that the Spanish cortes has been turned
adrift for a year by the prompt edict of Senor Serrano, a good many of
the members are beginning to wish Senor Castelar were back again.
It may be that the stern rule of a military autocrat is the essential
thing needed to subdue the stormy elements which are now struggling for
that mastery in Spain and prepare the hopeless people for a real re-
public in the future.

1224 L Jan. 20; ed: 4/1,2 - The pastorals of French bishops are bitter against the attitude of the German government towards Rome. If France holds herself subservient to the Papacy or permits open alliance in that direction the peace of Europe will be disturbed. It is the old situation of Germany and Italy against France and the pope. "How many thinking men today believe that peace between France and Germany can be preserved unbroken for ten years to come?"

1225 L Jan. 30; ed: 4/1 - The recent suppression of that able and fearless paper, the OPINION NATIONALE of Paris, shows the extent of Catholic power in France. The paper was edited by M. Constant Geroult, a Republican opposed to the ultramontanists and really devoted to the best interests of France. The hostility of the NATIONALE to priestly influence has caused its suppression. France is still a long way from republican freedom.

1226 L Jan. 31; ed: 4/1 Victor Emmanuel horrified the pope by permitting parishes to elect their own curates under an old law that has been suffered to lie dormant some hundred years. With democratic elections of curates by the people and free schools in which the Bible is read, it looks as though Italy were moving on.

1227 - L Feb. 11; ed: 4/2 - The archbishop of Posen has fairly locked horns with the authorities in Berlin and has put himself in such a position that he must afford a test case as to whether the pope or the kaiser is master of Germany. The pope is an anxious watcher of events at Posen and comforts his representatives with all possible support and encouragement.

All in all, considering the attitude of France, Italy, and Germany on this question of ecclesiastical authority, it is wholly within bounds to say that nothing but the abject weakness of the party interferes with the prospect of another of those great religious wars which visited Europe in other centuries.

1228 L Feb. 13; ed: 4/2 - The suppression of the French ultramontane newspaper L'UNIVERS at Paris was briefly announced in a two-line cable dispatch. This is one of the most important and significant events in the history of Europe. L'UNIVERS, the organ of the Vatican in France, is the ablest Catholic journal in Europe. Before any governmental policy

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CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1874

Abstracts 1229 - 1232

EUROPE (Cont'd)

could be secured, Louis Veuillot and his newspaper had to be won over

to its support.

French ultramontanists are looking forward to the day when Austria and the Catholic provinces of south Germany will rise in revolt against the Berlin government. Then the French can cross the Alps, march into Rome, overthrow the Italian government, and reinstate the pope.

The government which would submit to an order such as this is too weak to fight. The subservience of France may be taken as an indirect guaranty of peace in Europe, at least until a general alliance against Germany is formed by all the Catholic powers.

1229 L Feb. 14; ed: 4/1 The marriage of the duke of Edinburgh and Princess Alexandrovna is understood to be a political alliance.

It will take more than a royal wedding to keep the bear and the lion of Europe from snarling at each other over the rich prey of central Asia.

1230 L Feb. 16; ed: 4/1 - Serrano is running Spain with a high and adventurous band. His latest conceit is to ascertain the sense of the nation concerning the most desirable form of government. A plebiscite is therefore proposed. If it takes place, there can be little doubt that the republic will be voted out of sight. If the Spaniard has lived under a republic a month, there is nothing he wants so badly as a monarchy, and vice versa. Who will be king of Spain? This will soon be again a political problem in Europe.

1231 L Feb. 17; ed: 4/1,2 No one in Europe can explain the meaning of Emperor Francis' visit to the czar of Russia. The czar made a friendly call in Vienna last spring, and the emperor is returning the visit. It seems the prospective peace of Europe is assured, except in the direction of France, between Bismarck and the pope. France is a fickle nation, but she is too wise to run her head against so obvious a stone wall as a war with Germany.

1232 L Feb. 21; ed: 4/2,3 In a speech delivered at Edinburgh, Scotland, Sir Bartle Frere said that the Germans are gaining supremacy in commercial business at foreign ports, especially in India and China. His listeners had supposed that no race could compete as merchants and traders with the British. A letter from the Liverpool chamber of commerce stated that the Germans were more competent because they were better educated. The common schools of Germany are the best in Europe. By sending her people out well educated, Germany gives them an advantage over the emigrants of other nations. They are outstripping the English and other rivals in the commerce and carrying trade of the east and other regions. A more eloquent vindication of the value of education to a people could hardly be conceived or desired.

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CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1874

Abstracts 1233 1238

Europe (Cont'd)

1233 L Feb. 25; ed: 4/1 - All Paris is excited because the prince im-
perial is to have a birthday on Mar. 18. As Louis will be of legal
age that day there are fears that an uprising may occur with the object
of placing him on the throne. Louis is a mild, dissolute specimen of
nobility. He might, however, be successfully used as a cat's-paw by
the revolutionists, who are spoiling for a row. So it may be well for
the police to keep an eye open on the imperial birthday.

1234

L Mar. 14; ed: 4/1 - "The admirable manner in which France paid her enormous war debt and indemnity is only a part of a system of finance which might be profitably studied by American statesmen. Notwithstanding the heavy drain upon her resources, caused by the war, the country continues to prosper in its finances and is accumulating a surplus revenue."

1235 L Mar. 16; ed: 4/2,3 This morning the son of the hero of Sedan will be declared of age. According to the civil code, "le petit Lulu" will be emancipated from all control of guardians and will begin life under the name of Napoleon IV. The object will be to get a definite idea of the strength of Napoleonism in France and to assemble the old court of Napoleon around his son. The terrible defeat at Sedan is of too recent a date to allow the great mass of the French people to look with kindly feelings to the family whose chief led them to the Waterloo on French soil. Yet there is in Paris a deep-seated preference for a firm empire and a decided leaning towards the Napoleon family.

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1236 L Mar. 18; ed: 4/1 - "Madam MacMahon fully understands the power of the press and is using it to ameliorate the condition of the poor in Paris." A few weeks ago she visited the poor quarters and learned of a great amount of misery. She did not call the church or ask the government for aid, she called together the representatives of the Paris press. Her call was answered, and now forty soup houses are in working order, dispensing succulent soup to hungry Parisians for almost nothing. (6)

1237 L Mar. 25; ed: 4/1,2 "That Serrano should be ready at this time
to sell the financial soul of Spain for $25,000,000, shows, more than
any other fact of recent occurrence, to what a desperate pass the
affairs of Spain have come."

1238 L Apr. 2; ed: 4/1 During the second empire, Brussels became the retreat for all the Parisian journalists whose political views were lacking in the evenness necessary to harmonize with the government.

When Rochefort was driven from Paris by the incendiary spirit of his paper, LA LANTERNE, he chose Beligium as his refuge, so he would not be among strangers.

"An inevitable consequence of his escape will be a lecturing tour

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CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1874

through the United States, after which he will set up an 'opinion mill' and inundate the French Capital with red Republicanism from the Belgian frontier."

1239 - L Apr. 9; ed: 4/2 - Marshal MacMahon, in a recent letter to the duc de Broglie, refers to the vote of the French assembly giving him power for seven years and adds: "My first duty is to look to the execution of this sovereign decision."

If MacMahon honestly governs France during his septennate and does not hamper public opinion too much, a genuine republic may succeed the old combination France now has.

A contrac

1240 L Apr. 16; ed: 4/1 They do things better in France.
tor for army stores, M. Ferrand, found guilty after trial of furnish-
ing shoddy, unorthodox materials, was sentenced to three years' im-
prisonment and had to make a restitution of 100,000 francs.

1241 L Apr. 24; ed: 4/1
ed:4/1 The Carlists in the north of Spain seem to
be losing ground again. They have been but poorly supplied with food
and ammunition. A vigorous campaign at this moment by the government
troops would close the war. Spanish armies never strike at an enemy

at an opportune moment and never hold on with a view of closing a war. The Carlists can take their own time and rest and replenish their stores.

1242 L Apr. 27; ed: 4/1 - "Under the Napoleonic dynasty France turned the world topsy-turvey, in its search for strange, gorgeous, ravishing costumes. It will take war, pestilence, famine and subversion of government with all their accompanying horrors, to eradicate the luxuriant immorality and unchaste abandon from the French court."

1243 L May 2; ed: 4/2,3 Russia is making considerable progress in the march toward liberal ideas. In a recent number of the Russia WORLD a writer ventures upon a bold discussion of the form of government and suggests a total reorganization of the empire. The fact that the author's bold suggestions have met with no opposition from the emperor is a proof that the nation is advancing in rapid strides towards a period when the people will have some influence in deciding their destiny.

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1244 L May 5; ed: 4/1,2 - "The citizens of Portugal are in hearty sympathy with liberal movement in Spain, and celebrated the Republican victory with enthusiastic demonstration. The Portuguese government has reason to rejoice over a defeat of the forces of Don Carlos, of Spain. Don Miguel Osorio has called the attention of the government to the fact that the proscribed Portuguese prince is serving in the Carlist ranks and that powerful support will be given him to reconquer his kingdom in case Don Carlos succeeds. (3)