In

At Broughty Ferry, near Dundee, aged 63, Sir Edward Smith Lees, Knt., late Secretary to the Postmaster-General in Edinburgh. Sir Edward Lees was brother to the Rev. Sir Harcourt Lees, Bart., well known for his political writings, being the fourth son of Sir John Lees, the first Baronet, of Black Rock. 1801 he was appointed, by letters-patent, Joint Secretary to the General Post Office in Scotland; and in 1831 he was ap pointed Secretary. He received the honour of knighthood from King George the Fourth, in person, on his Majesty's visit to Ireland in 1821. He resigned his official situation in 1845, after having been in the public service for forty-five years. Sir Edward Lees married, in 1821, the youngest daughter of Captain Clarke, of the 40th Foot.

At Boa Vista, Cape Verd Islands, Henry William Macaulay, esq., her Majesty's Commissioner in the Court established at that island under the treaty with Portugal for the suppression of the slave trade.

25. At Stowey, Somersetshire, aged 90, the Right Hon. George Sandford, third Baron Mountsandford, of Castlerea, County Roscommon (1800). The late lord was the fourth son of Henry Sandford, esq., of Castlerea, county Roscommon, by the Hon. Sarah Moore, eldest daughter of Stephen, Viscount MountCashel. His eldest brother, Henry Moore, was created Baron Mount-Sandford in 1800, with remainder to his brothers and their issue male. On his death without issue in 1814, he was succeeded by his nephew Henry, only son of his brother, the Rev. William Sandford. This young lord was killed in a riot which occurred at Windsor during Ascot Races on the 14th of June, 1828. On that deplorable occurrence the title reverted to the nobleman now deceased. His Lordship was born on the 10th of May, 1756. formerly in the army, having held the commission of Captain in the 18th Dragoons. By his lordship's death the peerage becomes extinct.

He was

In Merrion-square, Dublin, Louisa Dorcas, Baroness Muskerry, of Springfield Castle, Limerick, fourth daughter of H. D. O'Grady, esq.

26. At Playford Hall, Suffolk, in his 86th year, Thomas Clarkson, esq. Mr. Clarkson was the son of a clergyman who was master of the Wisbeach Free Grammar School. He was born in that town In the 28th of March, 1760. He was educated at St. Paul's School, and proceeded thence to St. John's College, Cambridge, where he attained considerable distinction. In the year 1785, Dr. Peckard, the Vice-Chancellor, announced to the senior Bachelors of Arts the following question, as a subject for a prize Latin dissertation:— :-"Is it right to make slaves of others against their will?" Mr. Clarkson in the preceding year had gained the first prize for the Latin dissertation competed for by Middle Bachelors, and, filled with an earnest desire to sustain the fame thus acquired, he repaired to London, and purchased as many books connected with the subject of slavery as he could possibly afford to buy. With these he speedily returned to Cambridge, and set himself earnestly to the work of preparing to indite his essay. But so painful to him was the perusal of these volumes, that for a considerable time he scarcely took any rest day or night; he ceased to regard the essay as a mere trial for literary distinction, his great desire being to produce a work which should call forth a vigorous public effort to redress the wrongs of the injured African. His essay was composed under the influence of feelings so excited, and with labour so intense, that when his acknowledged talents are taken into account, no one will be surprised to learn that its reading was attended with brilliant success. Thenceforward he resolved to devote his life to a crusade against African slavery. In a very short time after the prize for his Latin essay on slavery had been awarded to him, he adopted the resolution of presenting it to the public in the language of his native country, and the measures taken for printing and issuing that celebrated tract led to his becoming acquainted with some members of an Anti-Slavery Association, which had already been formed in America. Nothing could surpass the delight which this introduction seemed to have afforded him; he was enthusiastic and single-minded, as almost all men are who effect great objects: his one idea was to accomplish measures for suppressing the slave trade, and that result he had the good fortune to Its natural witness full forty years ago. consequence, an abolition of negro slavery, he had likewise the happiness to see ef

fected in the year 1833. Of course, in the progress of his labours, the number of his acquaintances rapidly augmented; and so contagious was the influence of the spirit which animated him, that Hannah More wrote on the subject of slavery one of those pieces of stilted prose which by courtesy is called a poem. But, passing by all these minor connections, we find him, many years before the consummation of the work in which he had engaged, forming an alliance with the much more celebrated William Wilberforce—an alliance which proved greatly conducive to their joint success. From the moment that Wilberforce and Clarkson first met, they proceeded in perfect unison, and they soon secured the co-operation of many men influenced by the same feelings, but not sustained by the same intellectual vigour. In the year 1787 Mr. Wilberforce agreed to bring the subject under the notice of Parliament, at the earliest convenient opportunity: a committee was formed for the purpose of organizing an association, and the work of controversy began in right earnest. Mr. Clarkson proceeded from town to town — - from Liverpool to Bristol, and from Bridgewater to Manchester, labouring to make converts and to overcome the prejudices which indifferent, as well as interested parties, naturally indulged. Years were spent in this process, books were published, meetings were held, evidence was collected, petitions were forwarded to Parliament, successive motions were made by Mr. Wilberforce, and lengthened discussions in the House of Commons took place; but neither Pitt nor Fox was yet prepared to pledge himself irrevocably to a conflict with those formidable opponents of suppression who had embarked vast capital in the African slave trade. length the objections of the party leaders were mitigated. Mr. Pitt became instrumental in bringing forward a discussion, though he abstained from expressing any decided opinion, and the House of Commons resolved that in the ensuing session of Parliament they would proceed to a careful investigation of the slave trade. Petitions on the other side were numerously signed and forwarded to both houses of Parliament, and the whole progress of the agitation went on as nearly as possible in the manner that Roman Catholic Emaneipation, and the great measure of Reform, were in their respective periods of our history discussed by the people of England and their Parliamentary

At

representatives. In this process the slave trade underwent a most searching investigation. Mr. Clarkson and others published numerous essays, pamphlets,

and reports. The Privy Council entered

In

into an examination of the subject, and made a report. Counsel were heard at the bars of both houses, and witnesses were carefully examined. In the course of these proceedings the labours of Clarkson were inconceivably great; but from the year 1789, down to the successful issue of his toils, Wilberforce, from his position in society, from the fact of his being in Parliament, and from his personal intimacy with the Prime Minister, was enabled to take a lead in the anti-slavery cause which rather eclipsed the otherwise brightening fame of Thomas Clarkson; nevertheless, he continued to labour with power undiminished and with zeal that never slackened. He even went to Paris in the midst of the Revolution, to obtain, if possible, the aid of the French Government; and though recommended to assume a feigned name and disguise his purpose, yet, strong in the righteousness of his mission, he took the more manly course of proceeding direct to his object. Paris, however, he met with little support. Notwithstanding the labours of Wilberforce and Clarkson, the slave-trade, at the close of the last century, still continued to exist; but in the year 1801 the Union with Ireland was finally accomplished, and the addition of the Irish members, who cared little for trade, gave a preponderance to the cause. By their aid a motion for leave to bring in a bill to suppress the slave trade was successful, and, eventually, the measure passed both houses. Some years, however, elapsed before the triumph of the anti-slavery party was complete, for this memorable measure did not become law until the 25th of March, 1807. The bill of 1807 having once received the Royal assent, it no longer was necessary for Mr. Clarkson to appear before the public as the author of so many pamphlets, reports, statements, and annotations. The amount of correspondence which it was necessary for him to carry on became sensibly diminished; he had not so many private conferences to hold, not so much evidence to collect or witnesses to bring together, not so many petitions or resolutions to draw up, not so many conflicting opinions to reconcile, and therefore he might be said to have enjoyed, during the remainder of his long life, something like comparative

repose. It was at that time he began and completed his history of the great struggle in which he and his friends had been engaged. More, however, remained to be done, and the Anti-Slavery Society was formed in 1823, when men began seriously and earnestly to devote themselves to the task of following up the suppression of the slave-trade, by procuring an abolition of West India slavery. In conducting the affairs of that association Mr. Clarkson embarked with characteristic energy, and in the 74th year of his age enjoyed the unalloyed happiness of witnessing its greatest triumph, in the enactment of that bill which awarded 20,000,000l. as compensation to the slave-owners. For some few years previous to that event, however, his health had become uncertain, and he was in a great degree precluded from taking an active share in working out the emancipation of the Negro. Cataract formed in both his eyes, and for a short time he was totally blind. He endured this affliction with Christian resignation; but eventually he underwent an operation, and was restored to the complete use of his sight, which he retained to the last. In 1840 the octogenarian attended for the last time a public meeting in Exeter Hall, when the Duke of Sussex was in the chair. From that period he remained in retirement at his residence, Playford Hall, near Ipswich. There, living in great comfort, and in the exercise of constant but unostentatious hospitality, he received the friends of that great cause which still occupied his thoughts, and more especially emancipationists from America, who came to kindle at his hearth the flame which burned so intensely in his own ardent breast. But it was not the cause of the negro which alone occupied his anxieties. His benevolence was diffusive, although in earlier years his energies had been concentrated on one object. To the neglected condition of our mercantile seamen his attention had been directed during his visits to Bristol, Liverpool, and other seaports. He preserved notes of his observations at that period, and for the few last years he was much occupied in devising means to promote the establishment of institutions similar to the Sailors' Home. He published several characteristic addresses on the subject, full of details calculated to produce a powerful effect, and within the last fortnight of his life he addressed a long letter to Lord John Russell, as Prime Minister, on the same subject. The diffusiveness of his benevolence VOL. LXXXVIII.

did not prevent its exercise towards individuals, and in the more private sphere, of his own vicinity. He was ever ready to lend a helping hand to the advancement of merit wherever it was to be found. He was one of those who first discovered the extraordinary talents of the distinguished Astronomer Royal, Mr. Airy, when a visitor at the residence of his uncle, Mr. Arthur Biddell, of Playford, and suggested the steps taken for their further development at the university, where he had the satisfaction to see him far outstripping his competitors, and proving himself one of the first mathematicians of the age. Mr. Clarkson finished his long and arduous course with the faith of a sincere Christian. His widow, daughter of the late William Buck, esq., of Bury, survives to mourn the stroke which has snapped the bond of half a century. His name, and it is indeed "clarum et venerabile nomen," descends to his only grandchild, Thomas Clarkson, a youth at school at Rugby. Mr. Clarkson was originally destined for the ministry of the Church of England, and actually took Deacon's orders; but his pursuits bringing him much in contact with the Society of Friends, he became a convert to their persuasion.

28. At his seat, Harptree Court, Somersetshire, aged 30, the Right Hon. George Edward Waldegrave, seventh Earl of Waldegrave, Northamptonshire, and Viscount Chewton, of Chewton, Somersetshire (1729), eighth Baron Waldegrave of Chewton (1685), and the eleventh Baronet (1643). He was born on the 8th of February, 1816, the eldest son of John James, sixth Earl of Waldegrave, and succeeded to the peerage on the death of his father, July 30, 1835. Thus succeeding to rank before he arrived at discretion, the excesses of the young nobleman were unfortunately too notorious. The sale in 1842 of the villa of Strawberry Hill, and the dispersal of the museum of Horace Walpole, Earl of Orford, which had been bequeathed to the Waldegrave family in consequence of their descent from Maria, dowager Countess of Waldegrave and Duchess of Gloucester, the daughter of Sir Edward Walpole, K. B., were the result of his pecuniary difficulties. He married, September 28, 1840, Frances Elizabeth Anne, daughter of Mr. Braham, the eminent vocalist, and widow of his elder (but illegitimate) brother, John James Henry Waldegrave, esq. He is succeeded in his titles by his uncle U

the Hon. William Waldegrave, Captain R.N., and C.B.

His

At his seat, Broughton Old Hall, near Manchester, aged 69, the Rev. John Clowes, M. A. Mr. Clowes was the second son of Samuel Clowes, esq., of Broughton and of Chorlton Hall, Lancashire, high sheriff of that county in 1777. elder brother, Samuel Clowes, esq., having succeeded to his father's estate, resided at Broughton Hall, and was sheriff of Lancashire in 1809. The reverend Gentleman was a member of Trinity College, Cambridge, and was elected a Fellow of the Collegiate Church of Manchester. He resigned his fellowship in 1833, having succeeded, on the death of his elder brother, to the family estates, which include nearly the whole of the township of Broughton-with-Kersal. This valuable property was acquired through the marriage of Samuel Clowes, esq., the direct ancestor of the deceased gentleman, with Mary, daughter and coheiress of Edward Chetham, esq., great-nephew of Sir Humphrey Chetham, the munificent founder of the Hospital bearing his name in Manchester, of which the late Mr. Clowes was one of the trustees. On resigning his fellowship Mr. Clowes ceased to hold any benefice, and occupied himself during the last ten or twelve years of his life chiefly with botanical pursuits, which he cultivated with great ardour and perseverance. He possessed one of the finest private collections of orchidaceous plants in the kingdom, procuring the rarest kinds at very considerable expense.

30. At Worton Hall, Isleworth, Henrica, wife of Charles Sneyd Edgeworth, esq., of Edgeworth's Town, Ireland.

OCTOBER.

1. Aged 76, Thomas Naylor, esq., of Great Newport-street, Westminster, and Hammersmith.

2. At his residence in Grove-end-road, St. John's Wood, in his 70th year, Clement Joseph Philip Pen de Bode, Baron of the Holy Roman Empire. The misfortunes of this nobleman have at length been brought to a close by his unexpected death. He was born at Loxley-park, in the parish of Uttoxeter, Staffordshire, on the 23rd of April, 1777, (his father being a German, his mother an English lady,) and was educated in this country. The father of Baron de Bode possessed in Alsace an estate of consider

able extent and value, called Soultz-sousForêt, and the Baron was there at the breaking out of the French Revolution in the year 1789; but his presence was insufficient to protect it from the wholesale confiscations of the French Directory. For several years after that event the Baron resided in Russia, where he married. Some time before his marriage he obtained a commission in the Russian Artillery, from the Empress Catharine; on the memorable advance of Napoleon upon Moscow, the Baron raised a regiment of cavalry at his own expense for the service of Russia, of which the Emperor Alexander gave him the command. Time passed on, and the fortunes of the French Emperor gradually declined, until at length the allied forces reached the capital of France. The Baron de Bode, at the head of his regiment, and in the van of the Russian army, accompanied the forces of the Allied Sovereigns until they fixed their quarters in the city of Paris. In the course of these campaigns the Baron greatly distinguished himself, particularly at the battle of Leipsic, where he was wounded, and again in a charge on Macdonald's corps, when he received a severe sabre cut on the head. The Baron-his father being dead-was of course fully entitled to the family estates in Alsace. But the Jacobinical Governments of France yielded without reserve to that appetite for plunder which induced them to seize on the property of all men whom they chose to designate as aristocrats. All feudal and seignorial privileges were abolished by the decrees of revolutionary Governments, and all English subjects who held property in France were deprived of their rights. This decree of course included the estates of the Baron de Bode. As soon as those treaties were perfected which had been framed with a view to secure indemnity to the English subjects who had held property in France, the Baron came to this country to urge his claims. He and his friends naturally considered that one who had thus fought and bled for the restoration of the Bourbons, for the independence of Europe, and especially for the existence as a nation of this his native land, would not have been exposed to the grievous injustice which he has endured in England throughout the third part of a century. After the peace of Europe had been finally established, the French Government paid over to Great Britain sums of money at various times, amounting to several mil