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VIII. And be it enacted, That where there shall be any entrance to a mine or colliery by means of a vertical shaft or pit or inclined plane, or where there shall be any communication within any part of a mine or colliery to any other part thereof by a vertical shaft or pit or inclined plane, then it shall not be lawful for any owner of any such mine or colliery to allow any person or persons other than a male of the age of fifteen years and upwards to have charge of any steam engine or other engine, windlass, or gin (whether driven or worked by manual labour or any other power whatsoever), or to have charge of any part of the machinery, ropes, chains, or other tackle of any such engine, by or by means of which engine, machinery, ropes, chains, or other tackle, persons are brought up or passed down any such vertical shaft or pit or inclined plane; and any person or persons offending against the provision last aforesaid shall for every such offence forfeit a sum not exceeding fifty pounds nor less than twenty pounds, to be recovered as after provided.

IX. Provided always, and be it enacted, That in the case of a windlass or gin worked by a horse or other animal, the person on the bank under whose direction the driver of the animal used for such windlass or gin shall act shall for the purposes of this act be deemed and taken to be the person having the charge thereof.

X. And whereas the practice of paying wages to workmen at public houses is found to be highly injurious to the best interests of the working classes; be it therefore enacted, That from and after the expiration of three months from the passing of this act no

proprietor or worker of any mine or colliery, or other person, shall pay or cause to be paid any wages or money in respect of wages for work or labour or services done in or about any mine or colliery to any person employed in or about such mine or colliery, or to any person whatever entitled to or having authority or claiming to have authority to receive such wages, at or within any tavern, public house, beer shop, or other house of entertainment, or any office, garden, or place belonging thereto or occupied therewith, but all payments in respect of such wages are hereby strictly prohibited and forbidden to be made at or within such places as aforesaid, and all payments so made are hereby declared to be of no effect whatever.

XI. And be it enacted, That notwithstanding any payment of wages or money in respect of wages which shall or may be made at any such prohibited place, the person or persons to whom such wages were due or payable, or but for such payment would be due or payable, shall and may recover and receive the same in like manner as if no such payments had been made.

XII. And be it enacted, That in case any owner of any mine or colliery, or any person liable or intrusted or employed to pay any wages or money in respect of wages for such work, labour, or services as aforesaid, shall, contrary to the provision lastly hereinbefore contained, pay or cause to be paid any such wages or money to any person whatever, at any such prohibited place as aforesaid, the person or persons so offending shall for every such offence forfeit a sum not exceeding ten pounds nor less than

five pounds to be recovered as after the machinery by which the act is provided. to be carried into effect.

Clauses XIII to XXIII detail

COPYRIGHT ACT.

EXTRACTS FROM AN ACT TO AMEND THE LAW OF COPYRIGHT.5 & 6 VIC. CAP. 45.-[1ST JULY 1842.]

III. And be it enacted, That the copyright in every book which shall after the passing of this act be published in the lifetime of its author, shall endure for the natural life of such author, and for the further term of seven years, commencing at the time of his death, and shall be the property of such author and his assigns: provided always, that if the said term of seven years shall expire before the end of forty-two years from the first publication of such book, the copyright shall in that case endure for such period of fortytwo years; and that the copyright in every book which shall be published after the death of its author shall endure for the term of fortytwo years from the first publication thereof, and shall be the property of the proprietor of the author's manuscript from which such book shall be first published, and his assigns.

IV. And whereas it is just to extend the benefits of this act to authors of books published before the passing thereof, and in which copyright still subsists; be it enacted, That the copyright which at the time of passing this act shall subsist in any book theretofore published (except as hereineafter mentioned) shall be extended and endure for the full term provided by this act in cases of books thereafter published, and shall be the property of the person who at the time of passing of this act shall

be the proprietor of such copyright: provided always, that in all cases in which such copyright shall belong in whole or in part to a publisher or other person who shall have acquired it for other consideration than that of natural love and affection, such copyright shall not be extended by this act, but shall endure for the term which shall subsist therein at the time of passing of this act, and no longer, unless the author of such book, if he shall be living, or the personal representative of such author, if he shall be dead, and the proprietor of such copyright, shall, before the expiration of such term consent and agree to accept the benefits of this act in respect of such book, and shall cause a minute of such consent in the form in that behalf given in the schedule to this act annexed to be entered in the book of registry hereinafter directed to be kept, in which case such copyright shall endure for the full term by this act provided in cases of books to be published after the passing of this act, and shall be the property of such person or persons as in such minute shall be expressed.

V. And whereas it is expedient to provide against the suppression of books of importance to the public; be it enacted, That it shall be lawful for the Judicial Committee of her Majesty's Privy Council, on complaint made to them, that the proprietor of the copyright in

any book after the death of its author has refused to republish or to allow the republication of the same, and that by reason of such refusal such book may be withheld from the public, to grant a licence to such complainant to publish such book, in such manner and subject to such conditions as they may think fit, and that it shall be lawful for such complainant to publish such book according to such licence.

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VI. Copies of books published after the passing of this act, and of all subsequent editions, to be delivered within certain times at the British Museum.

VII. Mode of delivering at the British Museum.

VIII. A copy of every book to be delivered within a month after demand to the officer of the Stationers Company, for the following libraries: the Bodleian at Oxford, the Public Library at Cambridge, the Faculty of Advocates at Edinburgh, and that of Trinity College, Dublin.

IX. * Publishers may deliver the copies to the Libraries, instead of at the Stationers Company.

X. * Penalty for default in delivering copies for the use of the Libraries.

XI. And be it enacted, That a book of registry, wherein may be registered, as hereinafter enacted, the proprietorship in the copyright of books, and assignments thereof, and in dramatic and musical pieces, whether in manuscript or otherwise, and licences affecting such copyright, shall be kept at the hall of the Stationers Company, by the officer appointed by the said company for the purposes of this act, and shall at all convenient times be open to the inspection of any person, on payment of one

shilling for every entry which shall be searched for or inspected in the said book; and that such officer shall, whenever thereunto reasonably required, give a copy of any entry in such book, certified under his hand, and impressed with the stamp of the said company to be provided by them for that purpose, and which they are hereby required to provide, to any person requiring the same, on payment to him of the sum of five shillings; and such copies so certified and impressed shall be received in evidence in all courts, and in all summary proceedings and shall be prima facie proof of the proprietorship or assignment of copyright or licence as therein expressed, but subject to be rebutted by other evidence, and in the case of dramatic or musical pieces shall be prima facie proof of the right of representation or performance, subject to be rebutted as aforasaid.

XII. And be it enacted, That if any person shall wilfully make or cause to be made any false entry in the registry book of the Stationers Company, or shall wilfully produce or cause to be tendered in evidence any paper falsely purporting to be a copy of any entry in the said book, he shall be guilty of an indictable misdemeanor, and shall be punished accordingly.

XIII. And be it enacted, That after the passing of this act it shall be lawful for the proprietor of copyright in any book heretofore published, or in any book hereafter to be published, to make entry in the registry book of the Stationers Company of the title of such book, the time of the first publication thereof, the name and place of abode of the publisher thereof, and the name and place

of abode of the proprietor of the copyright of the said book, or of any portion of such copyright in the form in that behalf given in the schedule to this act annexed, upon payment of the sum of five shillings to the officer of the said company; and that it shall be lawful for every such registered proprietor to assign his interest or any portion of his interest therein, by making entry in the said book of registry of such assignment, and of the name and place of abode of the assignee thereof, in the form given in that behalf in the said schedule, on payment of the like sum; and such assignment so entered shall be effectual in law to all intents and purposes whatsoever, without being subject to any stamp or duty, and shall be of the same force and effect as if such assignment had been made by deed.

XIV. Persons aggrieved by any entry in the book of registry may apply to a court of law in term, or judge in vacation, who may order such entry to be varied or expunged.

XV. And be it enacted, That if any person shall, in any part of the British dominions, after the passing of this act, print or cause to be printed, either for sale or exportation, any book in which there shall be subsisting copyright, without the consent in writing of the proprietor thereof, or shall import for sale or hire any such book so having been unlawfully printed from parts beyond the sea, or, knowing such book to have been so unlawfully printed or imported, shall sell, publish, or expose to sale or hire, or cause to be sold, published, or exposed to sale or hire, or shall have in his possession, for sale or hire, any such VOL. LXXXIV.

book so unlawfully printed or imported, without such consent as aforesaid, such offender shall be liable to a special action on the case at the suit of the proprietor of such copyright, to be brought in any court of record in that part of the British dominions in which the offence shall be committed: provided always, that in Scotland such offender shall be liable to an action in the Court of Session in Scotland, which shall and may be brought and prosecuted in the same manner in which any other action of damages to the like amount may be brought and prosecuted there.

XVI. In actions for piracy the defendant to give notice of the objection to the plaintiff's title on which he means to rely.

XVII. And be it enacted, That after the passing of this act it shall not be lawful for any person, not being the proprietor of the copyright, or some person authorized by him, to import into any part of the United Kingdom, or into any other part of the British dominions, for sale or hire, any printed book first composed or written or printed and published in any part of the said United Kingdom, wherein there shall be copyright, and re-printed in any country or place whatsoever out of the British dominions; and if any person, not being such proprietor or person authorized as aforesaid, shall import or bring, or cause to be imported, or brought, for sale or hire, any such printed book, into any part of the British dominions, contrary to the true intent and meaning of this act, or shall knowingly sell, publish, or expose to sale or let to hire, or have in his possession for sale or hire, any such book, then every such book shall be forfeited, and

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shall be seized by any officer of Customs or Excise, and the same shall be destroyed by such officer; and every person so offending, being duly convicted thereof before two justices of the peace for the county or place in which such book shall be found, shall also for every such offence forfeit the sum of ten pounds, and double the value of every copy of such book which he shall so import or cause to be imported into any part of the British dominions, or shall knowingly sell, publish, or expose to sale or let to hire, or shall cause to be sold, published, or exposed to sale or let to hire, or shall have in his possession for sale or hire, contrary to the true intent and meaning of this act, five pounds to the use of such officer of Customs or Excise, and the remainder of the penalty to the use of the proprietor of the copyright in such book.

XVIII. And be it enacted, That when any publisher or other person shall, before or at the time of the passing of this act, have projected, conducted, and carried on, or shall hereafter project, conduct, and carry on, or be the proprietor of any encyclopædia, review, magazine, periodical work, or work published in a series of books or parts, or any book whatsoever, and shall have employed or shall employ any persons to compose the same, or any volumes, parts, essays, articles, or portions thereof, for publication in or as part of the same, and such work, volumes, parts, essays, articles, or portions shall have been or shall hereafter be composed under such employment, on the terms that the copyright therein shall belong to such proprietor, projector, publisher, or conductor, and paid for by such proprietor, projector, publisher, or

conductor, the copyright in every such encyclopædia, review, maga zine, periodical work, and work published in a series of books or parts, and in every volume, part, essay, article, and portion so composed and paid for, shall be the property of such proprietor, projector, publisher, or other conductor, who shall enjoy the same rights as if he were the actual author thereof, and shall have such term of copyright therein as is given to the authors of books by this act; except only that in the case of essays, articles, or portions forming part of and first published in reviews, magazines, or other periodical works of a like nature, after the term of twentyeight years from the first publication thereof respectively the right of publishing the same in a sepa. rate form shall revert to the author for the remainder of the term given by this act: provided always, that during the term of twenty-eight years the said proprietor, projector, publisher, or conductor shall not publish any such essay, article, or portion sepa rately or singly without the consent previously obtained of the author thereof, or his assigns: provided also, that nothing herein contained shall alter or affect the right of any person who shall have been or who shall be so employed as aforesaid to publish any such his composition in a separate form, who by any contract, express or implied, may have reserved or may hereafter reserve to himself such right; but every author reserving, retaining, or having such right shall be entitled to the copyright in such composition when published in a separate form, according to this act, without prejudice to the right of such proprietor,

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