viction, that his true interests would be promoted by an alliance with the Directory of France. This being evident to the Governor-general, he determined to strike an immediate blow, and the army, under General (afterwards Lord Harris), was ordered to invest Seringapatam. The siege lasted a month; the town was taken by assault; the Sultan slain, and his dominions partitioned. The Governor-General was immediately raised a step in the Irish Peerage, when he received the title of Marquess Wellesley. It need hardly be stated, that these memorable results could never have been accomplished, if prodigious exertions had not been made by the Indian government in organising Native, and improving British troops. The capture of Seringapatam, which had been preceded by the victory achieved at Mallavelly, added at once to the renown of the army, and the anxieties of the Governor-General; but the wisdom of his policy has been as fully recog nised as the influence of his success has been extensively experienced. After some deliberation, he justly determined upon restoring the ancient Hindoo race of Sovereigns, the representative of whom was then a child of five years old. A partition of the territory being made, the capital, with the districts on the coast, including the port of Mangalore, was assigned to the East India Company. Compensation was made to some native allies; and the remaining portion of Tippoo's territory was granted to the native Rajah with nominal sovereignty over the whole. So complete was this series of victories, that General Wellesley (Duke of Wellington), in one of his dispatches written at that period, and recently published by Colonel Gurwood, says, that he "only waits to know what countries they are which the Governor-General wishes to take possession of," as if all Asia had quailed under his triumphant dominion. The next efforts of the Noble Marquess were directed to the important objects of enlarging commercial intercourse between India and Europe; in this, however, the naturally jealous spirit of the East India Company opposed itself to his liberal designs, and the attempt was but partially successful. In no respect cooled by this disappointment, he applied himself with untiring energy to the duties of his station, making a viceregal progress through the northern

provinces of India, visiting the Nababs and native Princes, in the full splendour of Asiatic magnificence, redressing grievances, creating friends and allies, repressing open or concealed enemies, and laying upon a broad basis the foundations of an empire which the potentates of Europe regard with envy, and to which our remotest posterity will look back with astonishment and admiration. In 1801 the Governor-General despatched a considerable force up the Red Sea, to assist in wresting Egypt from the power of the French. He next turned the British arms against the Mahrattas, and, after a sharp struggle, conquered the whole country between the Jumma and the Ganges, compelling Scindiah and the Rajah of Berar to make peace. On these events followed the splendid victory obtained by Major-General Wellesley and the troops under his command at Assaye; and finally, the battle of Lassawarree -which terminated a war not less remarkable for the prudence and wisdom with which it was directed, than for the military achievements by which it was brought to a successful issue. After six or seven years of service in the East, Lord Wellesley naturally became desirous of returning to England; but his services were of such importance in India, that even a change in the Administration at home was not followed by his recall. In consequence of his financial plans, the revenue of the Company had been raised from seven millions to upwards of fifteen millions annually, with advantage to commerce, and without injustice to the inhabitants. In the year 1805 he was, at his own request, recalled from the Government of India, and, as might be expected, everything was done in this country by the East India Company, and by the Ministers of the Crown, to mark the deep sense which they entertained of his splendid services. Nevertheless there were those who thought that his administration had been enormously expensive, not to say extravagant, and that he was guilty of great injustice to the native powers, particu larly to the Nabob of Oude. By his accusers it was forgotten, that the critical circumstances of the time compelled a vast expenditure, and that his conduct towards the Indian princes was justified by their persevering hostility; yet in those days there was a Member of the House of Commons, a Mr. Paull,

who presented articles of impeachment against him, but they were soon withdrawn, and a vote was obtained in his favour. The Marquess Wellesley had long been separated from his wife, and her Ladyship did not accompany him to India. He was married on the 1st of November, 1794, to Hyacinthe Gabrielle Roland, only daughter of Monsieur Pierre Roland. They had had several children, but separated very soon after marriage without any further issue, and were not afterwards reconciled. Her Ladyship died in 1816; and Lord Wellesley, on the 29th of October, 1825, a second time contracted matrimony, being then at the advanced age of 65. On that occasion he was married to Marianne, daughter of Mr. Richard Caton, and widow of Mr. Robert Patterson. The present Marchioness, who has had no family by the Marquess, is a Lady of the Bedchamber to the Queen Dowager. The Marquess, on his return from India, again took part in the proceedings of Parliament; and though he cordially supported the war against Bonaparte, he was by no means a strenuous partisan of all the measures of Mr. Perceval's or even of Lord Liverpool's Government, and gradually evinced that leaning towards what are called Liberal politics, which, at a later period of life, led to his connexion with the Ministry of Lord Grey, and probably prevented his having any share in the conduct of public affairs, when his illustrious brother was at the head of the Government. In the year 1807, the Duke of Portland being Minister, the King wished Lord Wellesley to be appointed one of the Secretaries of State; but he did not then accept office. In 1809, he took rather a prominent part in vindicating the expedition to Copenhagen, in which, as usual, he eminently distinguished himself. He was soon afterwards appointed Ambassador Extraordinary to the Court of Spain, but was prevented by the discordant opinions upon Spanish affairs in the State Councils, from embarking soon enough to excite the Spanish Junta to the requisite efforts for opening the campaign. It required but a short residence in Spain to convince him how much the success of any resistance to Bonaparte must depend upon British exertions; his Lordship accordingly insisted on the recall of Cuesta; and advised the immediate appointinent VOL. LXXXIV.

of a Regency, and a convocation of the Cortes, as the only means of giving the weight of nationality to their proceedings. Dissensions in the British Cabinet, and the fact that on the Peninsula military services were more required than diplomatic negotiations, caused the speedy return of the Noble Marquess. On the death of the Duke of Portland, the Perceval Government was formed, and the Marquess Wellesley, after considerable negotiation, was prevailed upon to accept the office of Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. This he held from the month of December, 1809, till January, 1812, but differing from his colleagues on the Roman Catholic claims, and on other material points, he withdrew from the Government. On the assassination of Mr. Perceval, which took place in the month of May following, the Prince Regent was evidently anxious that Lord Wellesley should form a part of the new Government then about to be constructed. The Marquess was immediately commissioned to assist in forming an Administration, but did not succeed in accomplishing that object; and it was not until the 8th of June, that Lord Liverpool could announce in Parliament the fact, that he was himself the head of the Government. Shortly after the formation of the new Ministry, Mr. Canning carried in the House of Commons a motion favourable to Roman Catholic claims; a similar motion was made in the Upper House by the Marquess Wellesley on the 1st of July, which was lost by a majority of one, and that one a proxy. His Lordship then remained in Opposition for about ten years, in the early part of which period, he repeatedly called the attention of Parliament to the situation in which his illustrious brother was placed in the Peninsula. For want of sufficient co-operation on the part of the Spanish government, as well as on account of being frequently disappointed respect ing the reinforcements which he was taught to look for from this country, the Noble Duke struggled rather to maintain a glorious existence by a series of surprising victories, than to effect the expulsion of the French. Lord Wellesley described the conduct of the Spanish government as feeble, irregular, and ill-directed; while he depicted the system adopted by the British Ministers as "timid without prudence, and narrow without economy-profuse, with

U

out the fruits of expenditure, and slow without the benefits of caution." Early in the spring of the ensuing year, he demanded a Parliamentary committee, to inquire into the circumstances and result of the last campaign in the Spanish Peninsula; the motion was, however, negatived by a majority of 96. The next occasion upon which Lord Wellesley took an active part in the business of Parliament was in the year 1815, when he condemned in unqualified terms the disregard to commercial interests that prevailed in the treaties by which the peace of Europe was then consolidated. The transition from war to peace, and the consequent want of employment, led to much discontent and tumult throughout the country; this was followed by the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act, and other restrictive measures. On these occasions the Ministers of the day found in the Marquess an active and formidable opponent. Lord Wellesley once more came into power as Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland in 1822, Sir Robert Peel being the Home Secretary. The known sentiments of his Lordship upon the subject of Catholic claims, made his appointment to the vice-regal government of Ireland extremely unpopular with the Protestant party in that country. The expectations of the Roman Catholics were proportionably raised, and his arrival was converted into a signal for the renewed jealousy and rancour of both parties. The Noble Marquess pursued what was called a conciliatory policy, but this did not protect him from very evident manifestations of public odium, and a daring personal attack was made upon him on his visit to the Theatre in Dublin. This led to judicial proceedings, in which the Orange party considered that they obtained a signal triumph; and the reader need hardly be reminded, that these events gave rise to several long discussions in Parliament, which were carried on with much heat and animosity. His Lordship's government of Ireland commenced with disturbances, insurrections, and conflagrations in the southern counties, which almost reached the suburbs of the capital itself; and these were necessarily followed by the operation of the Insurrection Act, and other coercive measures. There never was a period of his life in which Lord Wellesley had greater difficulties to overcome than

while governing his native country; and though his Irish Administration was not attended with the same brilliant success which marked his Indian career, yet it cannot be denied, that on most occasions during this period, he evinced great wisdom, discretion, and impartiality. The illness and consequent retirement from public life of the Earl of Liverpool had no effect upon the position of the Noble Marquess as LordLieutenant of Ireland; for neither Mr. Canning nor Lord Goderich (now Earl of Ripon) were adverse to the claims of the Roman Catholics. The Duke of Wellington was the next Prime Minister. Whatever might be the hopes and intentions of his Grace, he certainly did not think it expedient to begin his Administration by making an announcement which he knew must be unpalatable to the King, which he afterwards found the utmost difficulty in prevailing on His Majesty to adopt, and which at that moment, he might have found it impossible to render acceptable to the country. The Noble Marquess was then withdrawn from the vice-regal government, and continued out of office till the accession to power of Earl Grey, when a second time he became LordLieutenant of Ireland, having previously for a short period filled the office of Lord High Steward. During the Administration of Sir Robert Peel, 1834-5, Lord Wellesley was of course out of office; but on the formation of the second Melbourne Ministry, in April, 1835, he accepted the appointment of Lord Chamberlain. His Lordship, however, resigned it in the course of the same year, and never afterwards filled any public employment. He had at that period attained the very advanced age of 77; his health began to decline; with the exception of his brothers, the friends of his early years had withdrawn into retirement, or sunk into the grave; and the venerable statesman, who had devoted half a century to the service of three successive Sovereigns--who had lived to see the wisdom of his Indian government gratefully acknowledged, not only by his early contemporaries, but confirmed by subsequent events, and ratified by a succeeding generationthought the time had at length arrived for that season of repose which it is so desirable should intervene between the cessation of active pursuits, and the close of human existence. Although

occasionally differing from his brother, the Duke of Wellington, on political matters, no interruption of fraternal affection ever took place between these distinguished members of a distinguished family; and his Grace is well known to have been a frequent visitor at Kingston House, where the Noble Marquess resided for many years previous to his decease. His Lordship is the author of "Substance of a Speech in the House of Commons on the Address, 1794;" "Notes relative to the Peace concluded with the Mahrattas," in which he has given a succinct history of Indian affairs; "Letters to the Government of Fort St. George, relative to the new form of Government established there;" "Letters to the Directors of the East India Company, on the India Trade," &c. As his policy led him to lay great stress on the influence of the public press, he is believed to be author of many other publications of a temporary political character. A collection of his dispatches has also been recently published. Although the title and the surname of the deceased Marquess was Wellesley, yet the family from which he was paternally descended was the ancient house of Cowley or Colley, a member of which was Walter Cowley, Solicitor-General for Ireland, in 1537. The first Baron Mornington, on succeeding to the estates of his cousin, Garret Wellesley, esq., assumed the name of that family, which has ever since been borne by his successors in the Peerage. The Wellesleys, or, as it was formerly spelt, the Wesleys, were of Anglo-Saxon origin; but the Irish branch was founded by a gentleman who was standard bearer to Henry II., and who accompanied that monarch to Ireland, in 1172. He there obtained for his military services large grants of land in the counties of Meath and Kildare, a considerable portion of which his descendants enjoyed up to a recent period. With the Marquess all those titles which were conferred on himself become extinct; but the Earldom of Mornington, the Viscounty of Wellesley, and the Barony of Mornington, in the Peerage of Ireland, descend to his next brother, Lord Maryborough, because these were honours which their father had enjoyed. By the death of the Marquess, a stall in the order of the Garter, and the office of Custos Rotulorum of the county of Meath become vacant.

The Marquess was a Knight of the Turkish Order of the Crescent, and of the Persian Order of the Lion and Sun.

The following is a brief statement in chronological order of the offices held by the Noble Marquess, the public proceedings in which he participated, and the chief events of his Parliamentary and private life: Born, June 20, 1760. Succeeded his father in the Irish honours, May 22, 1781. Elected a Knight of St. Patrick, 1783. Sworn of the Irish Privy Council, 1793. Returned to the British House of Commons for Beeralsston, 1785. Returned for New Windsor subsequently; created a British Privy Councillor, 1793. Married his first wife, November 29, 1794. Appointed Governor-General of India, 1797. Created a British Peer as Baron Wellesley, October 20, 1797. Created Marquess Wellesley, Dec. 2, 1799. Returned from India, 1805. Appointed Ambassador to the Supreme Central Junta of Spain, July 28, 1809. Returned, Dec., 1809. Appointed Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Dec., 1809. Elected a Knight of the Garter, and resigned the Order of St. Patrick, 1810. Resigned the office of Foreign Secretary, June, 1812. Appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland for the first time, Dec., 1821. Married his second wife, Oct. 29, 1825. Resigned the Lord-Lieutenancy, March, 1828. Appointed Lord Steward, 1831. Resigned, 1833. Appointed Lord-Lieu. tenant of Ireland for the second time, Sept. 1833. Resigned a second time, Dec., 1834. Appointed Lord Cham berlain to the Household, April, 1835. Resigned the Lord Chamberlainship the same year. Died, Sept. 26th, 1842.

On the 2nd of November, 1837, the East India Company came to a resolution to the effect, that they had reason to believe, that the Marquess Wellesley was involved in pecuniary difficulties, and that, therefore, they deemed it to be their duty to offer to him some further acknowledgment of his distinguished services. The resolution proceeded to state that, on the fall of Seringapatam, the sum of 100,0007. was set apart for the Marquess Wellesley-a grant which, on his suggestion, was abandoned to the army. It was afterwards determined to vote to him an annuity of 5,0007., which had ever since been paid; but the Court of proprietors believed, that the Noble Marquess derived very little benefit from the grant; and, under these

circumstances, it was resolved that the sum of 20,0001. be placed in the hands of the chairman, the deputy chairman, and two other persons as trustees, to be applied for the use and benefit of the Marquess Wellesley, in such manner as they might think fit. This grant was accepted, and acknowledged by his Lordship, in a letter addressed to the chairman. The Marquess enjoyed a pension of 2,6937. as Chief Remembrancer of the Exchequer in Ireland.

26. At the Rectory, West Monkton near Taunton, aged 77, Robert Kinglake, esq., M.D.

-

At Seaton, aged 77, Lieut. Wm. Collins, retired full pay, R.N., son of Major-Gen. A. T. Collins, Col. Commandant Plymouth Div. R. Marines. He accompanied Governor Phillips oa the first expedition to New South Wales in 1787, and unfurled the first British flag at Sidney Cove; being invalided home, he was entrusted with the first despatches from Governor Philips, and with the last ever received by France from her celebrated navigator, Adm. De la Perouse.

At Stonehouse, aged 56, Capt. Palliser, R.N.

Sir

28. In George-street, Hanover-square, aged 53, Sir Michael O'Loghlen, Bart., Master of the Rolls in Ireland. Michael O'Loghlen was the fourth son of Coleman O'Loghlen, esq., of Portco. Clare, by his second wife, the daughter of Michael Finnucane, M.D., of Ennis. Being a member of the church of Rome, his promotion commenced after the accession of the liberal party to power, when he was appointed Third Serjeant Jan. 18, 1831, and Second Serjeant Feb. 1832. In the latter year he was admitted a Bencher of the King's Inns. On the 21st Oct. 1834, he was appointed Solicitor-General, which office he held until the resignation of the Whigs in Jan. following. On the 31st Aug. 1835, he became Attorney-General; on the 12th Nov. 1836, Baron of the Exchequer; and on the 28th Jan. 1837, Master of the Rolls.

He was

created a Baronet of the United King. dom in 1838. In his judicial character, Sir Michael O'Loghlen earned the esteem and admiration of all parties. The Irish papers have contained various eulogies upon his character since his decease, but we shall content ourselves by quoting some remarks made by the present Lord Chancellor on the 8th of

Nov. "Mention having been made of the name of the late Master of the Rolls, I cannot omit this opportunity of stating how much I deplore his decease, and how sincerely I sympathise in the general feeling for his loss, and in the admiration entertained for his virtues. His kind disposition and pleasing manners ensured the regard of those over whom he presided, and his great attainments as a lawyer, his praetical knowledge, his untiring industry, and, above all, bis earnest desire to promote the ends of justice, demand the respect of all; and in him the judicial bench has indeed lost one of its brightest ornaments." The remains of Sir Michael O'Loghlen were conveyed to Ireland for interment. Sir Michael married in 1817 Bidelia, daughter of Daniel Kelly, esq., .of Dublin, and has left a family of several children. His son, now Sir Coleman O'Loghlen, was called to the Bar in 1841.