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however, deal with Biblical criticism, but rather with the more fundamental questions of theism and historical Christianity. We hardly think Mr. Fay does Professor Harnack justice in his interpretation of that writer.- -Of kin to these books, though different in its purpose, is Education and Modern Secularism, by the Rev. C. W. Formby (Longmans, Green & Co., New York), the object of which is to point out the causes of and the remedy for the modern secular spirit-the cause being a failure to realize a distinct spiritual faculty in man and a distinct spiritual universe in which that faculty moves and has its being; and the proposed remedy the use of some systematic text-book of instruction in the principles of the spiritual life, not only in Sundayschools, but also in primary and secondary schools.

Reprints of those famous old religious stories, The Pillar of Fire, The Throne of David, and The Prince of the House of David, by the Rev. J. H. Ingraham, have come to us from Messrs. Roberts Brothers, Boston. The volumes have been reissued in rather handsome form.- -The Cathedral Library Association of New York has issued a small book entitled Love Stronger than Death, by Miss Josephine Marié. It is an exposition of the doctrine of the Communion of Saints, and the explanation may enlighten and console those who are not as Roman Catholic as the author.

Thomas Nelson & Son, of this city, send us an American-made edition of the Revised Bible which is a model of fine printing and binding. The book is, technically, a "minion octavo," and is bound in Persian morocco with red under gold edges. It has maps and other helps. In convenience, legibility, and beauty of workmanship this edition is one highly to be commended.

NEW EDITIONS

No series of illnstrated books published in late years has been more widely popular or has more thoroughly deserved popularity, both for literary quality and for typographical and illustrative work, than the series into which the Macmillan Company have put so much of the best English writing, with illustrations by the best contemporary English artists. Hugh Thomson especially has contributed largely to this series. It is a pleasure to find among the latest additions The History of Henry Esmond, with illustrations by T. H. Robinson. Readers who care for "Henry Esmond" care so much for the story that doubtless very few of them would be satisfied with any attempt to give definite form and feature to Esmond or Beatrix; but, whatever criticism individual readers with individual tastes may make of Mr. Robinson's work, it must be conceded that it is happily conceived in the spirit of the story and its time, and that it is, if not entirely satisfactory, very pleasantly decorative.To the same series have also been added Sheridan's School for Scandal and The Rivals, with an introduction by Mr. Birrell, of whom it may be said that he is one of the few men who know how to write an introduction. His mastery of the short essay has taught him this difficult art. The illustrations for this volume are furnished by Edmund J. Sullivan.-New editions of Boswell's Life of Johnson are always in order, and a hearty welcome ought to be given to the new edition in six volumes which bears the English imprint of Archibald, Constable & Co., and the American imprint of the Macmillan Company. This edition has several things to recommend it. It is, in the first place, made up of volumes of very convenient size for the kind of reading which ought to be given to Boswell's immortal work. These books are of a kind to put in one's pocket or to leave lying about on tables within reach. They are also very well printed and very neatly bound and stamped. They contain, moreover, an introduction from Mr. Augustine Birrell, who knows his Johnson and his Boswell, and who also has a gift for editing. The introduction which he furnishes is brief and to the point, full of clever characterization and comment. The notes are drawn for the most part from Malone's edition. Mr. Birrell tells us that he prepared many notes of his own, but that on reflection he struck most of them out; which is the best possible evidence of his eminent qualification as the editor of a work of classic quality. It would not be possible to find Boswell's Life in a more convenient and attractive form than in this new edition.

NOVELS AND TALES

The Star Sapphire, by Mabel Collins, has the painful theme of hereditary dipsomania in a cultivated and naturally high-minded woman. The story is told with considerable skill, but is inevitably depressing, and to some extent it is also morbid. (Roberts Brothers, Boston.)- The Phantom Ship is one of Captain Marryat's poorest stories (and he certainly wrote more than one that does not deserve to live). It has just been added to the new edition being published by the Macmillan Company, New York. Under the general title Fireside Stories has been made a three-volume collection of stories, some old, some new. Trollope, Ouida, Samuel Ferguson (in his inimitable Father Tom and the Pope "), Balzac, Bulwer-Lytton, Poe, Fitz James O'Brien, and many other authors are represented. (The J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia.)—Mr. David Lyall, author of The Land o' the Leal, follows the footsteps of his better-known fellowScotsmen Barrie, Crockett, and Watson, in depicting village life and simple character. His feeling and sentiment are sound and true; his lack is in vigor and raciness. (Dodd, Mead & Co., New York.) -We find little but crudeness in Mr. Grant Allen's short stories collected under the title The Desire of the Eyes; some of them are distinctly of the penny-dreadful type. (R. F. Fenno & Co., New York.)- -From the same publishers comes Mr. George Knight's Dust in the Balance, another collection of tales, in part allegorical and usually lachrymose.- -Mr. Charles B. Goold has edited a collection of Tales from Hauff. (Ginn & Co., Boston.) There are three of these tales" Die Sage vom Hirschgulden," "Die Höhle von Steenfoll," and "Saids Schicksale." The introduction, notes, and vocabulary are excellent.In spite of its lack in construction, Max and Zan and Nicodemus, by Mrs. M. A. Haynie Fisher (W. J. Shuey, Dayton,

O.), is a delightful story. There are a loyal negro woman and her son in the tale. The book presents a picture of a loving home life in the midst of poverty.The Flower that Grew in the Sand, by Ella Higginson (The Culvert Company, Seattle), is a collection of short stories. The author was awarded the first prize, $500, in the McClure contest. The story that won the prize, "The Takin' in of Old Mrs. Lane," is published in this collection.

Mrs. Wormeley's translation of Balzac's novels has reached the group of Philosophical Studies. The latest volume, Juana, contains seven short stories in a field which strongly attracted Balzac, and in which, in more than one instance, he showed great insight and power. (Roberts Brothers, Boston.)—The handsome complete edition of Mark Twain's books in course of publication by Harper & Brothers (New York) has reached Tom Sawyer Abroad, Tom Sawyer, Detective, and Other Stories. Tom Sawyer is one of the most real of all Mark Twain's creations, and the writing in which he figures is likely to be recognized years hence as Mark Twain's most characteristic and valuable work. -Mrs. M. E. M. Davis has long been a popular writer of short stories notable for their humor, their knowledge of certain kinds of Southern life, their pathos, and their love of nature. In her latest volume, An Elephant's Track and Other Stories (Harper & Brothers, New York), Mrs. Davis shows the same command of her materials and the same fresh interest in dealing with them which appeared in her earlier books. The story which gives the volume its name is a capital example of her humorous work.

Totem Tales, namely, Indian stories, Indian-told, gathered in the Pacific Northwest by Mr. W. S. Phillips, comes to us from the Star Publishing Company, Chicago. The author has spent many years in gathering the material for his stories from the Indians. The book is full of Indian folk-lore, and "Totem Tales may have a real value in perpetuating myths and legends which are now dying out by reason of the disappearance among the Indians of the old story-tellers. The author is somewhat of an artist as well, and has illustrated his book with many suggestive if not always beautiful pictures. The book is intended for young readers, but older readers may enjoy it also.Maris Stella, by Marie C. Balfour (Roberts Brothers, Boston), is a clever character-study of fishermen, reminding one often of that greater achievement, "Pêcheur d'Islande."

HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY

The days of the Terror in the French Revolution have a lasting fascination for writers and readers. Memoirs innumerable have thrown side-lights on that period of blood and anguish. M. Edmond Biré, in his Diary of a Citizen of Paris, comes to the subject in a novel way, combining a slight form of fiction with a profound knowledge of facts. He creates an imaginary citizen who, speaking in the first person, tells of the rush of events with dramatic effect, and in a connected and complete narrative. In this way we have the contemporary point of view joined with the full information obtained by careful study of documents and records. The result is satisfactory in an eminent degree, both to the student of history and the general reader. In detail the book is comprehensive and thorough. (Dodd, Mead & Co., New York.)

Messrs. T. Y. Crowell & Co., New York, have issued in two volumes a well-printed abridgment and translation of M. Victor Duruy's History of France. The illustrations add to the value of these books. There is an introductory notice to the year 1896 by Dr. Franklin Jameson. The work is thus to be recommended as being not only a trustworthy small history of France, but also as covering the last developments of the Republic.

The Autobiography and Memoir of Philip Gilbert Hamerton-the memoir being by his wife-has been issued by Messrs. Roberts Brothers, Boston, and is one of the most important publications of the year. We shall comment on it in a later issue.

Mr. Charles Erskine has published through Messrs. George W. Jacobs & Co., Philadelphia, Twenty Years Before the Mast; it gives an account of thrilling scenes witnessed by the author while navigating the globe under the command of Admiral Wilkes, 1838 to 1842. Mr. Erskine tells us that he has been only a common sailor, and that we must expect nothing higher in eloquence than a seaman's language. That language, however, is forceful enough to give a good description of the many interesting incidents of a seaman's life.

ESSAYS

Dr. W. Robertson Nicoll is not only one of the freshest critics of his time, but he is also one of the freshest and keenest writers on religious and spiritual questions, immensely interested, not in the ecclesiastical side of things, but in what may be called the experimental side. His latest book, a small volume, When the Worst Comes to the Worst (Dodd, Mead & Co., New York), is a straightforward, clear-cut, manly comment upon the resources which the Christian faith offers in great sorrow. It is singularly honest, free from sentimentalism, and thoroughly healthful in tone; a book of small compass, but of immense outlook and helpfulness.

Mr. John Bigelow's Mystery of Sleep is a very daintily made volume, which ought to be read with deliberation and in a meditative mood; for Mr. Bigelow does not believe that sleep is merely a state of rest, he believes that it is a condition in which spiritual development goes on as distinctly as in the waking hours, and that the time has come. for a more scientific and thorough study of the subject. (Harper & Brothers, New York.)

George W. Jacobs & Co. (Philadelphia) publish two collections of short essays on ethical subjects by Amy E. Blanchard, Life's Little Actions and As Others See Us. Both books are suggestive and helpful. -A Man's Value to Society (Fleming H. Revell Company, New York) is the title given by the author, the Rev. Newell Dwight Hillis, to a series of studies in character-building. The book is a thoughtful piece of work. It is full of sentences that cling to the memory. The titles

of some of the chapters show the plan of redemption in the writer's mind. "The Moral Uses of Memory," "The Imagination as the Architect of Manhood," "The Uses of Books and Reading," "The Science of Living with Men," are some of the headings to the several chapters.

POEMS

A reprint of the "Globe" Edition of Pope's poetical works has been undertaken by Messrs. T. Y. Crowell & Co., New York, and to that edition have been added a few brief notes, fragments, and facsimiles. The work is edited by Dr. Adolphus William Ward. There are several interesting portraits of Pope and others.From Avalon is the title of a small book of verse by Emily Huntington Miller. (A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago.) Bees hum in the gardens, hepaticas bloom in April, daybreak and twilight come, we are haying in the meadows or we are tossing at sea, throughout this little book, in which nature is reflected with a loving hand. But there are other verses, too, in which human nature is no less well described. There is in the

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little category one poem on Motherhood" worthy of Mrs. Browning. -Mr. Barton O. Aylesworth has published through the Kenyon Press, Des Moines, Iowa, Song and Fable. The book is divided into two parts, of which the first consists of a collection of verses and the latter a collection of prose fables. Perhaps there is not so much present worth in the verses as there is promise and potency for the future. No matter if there is faultiness now; the lines are never mere jingles. There is heart behind them. They are real verses. They smell of the country and of the primal relations of life.- -Mr. George

Washington Moon is the author of a book of verse entitled Elijah the Prophet, and Other Sacred Poems. (Longmans, Green & Co., New York.) During the course of a long preface Mr. Moon tells us that because the subject of his first poem is one of such overwhelming grandeur, he was almost induced to finish the poem in the simple and sublime prose of Scripture. Would that he had! While there are some lines in this epic and in the minor poems which are of value-and all the lines are elevated in thought-there is little that rises above the commonplace in expression.

ART AND MUSIC

Though not the most charming of that charming series entitled "The Book-Lover's Library" (A. C. Armstrong & Son, New York), perhaps the most valuable of the set is The Literature of Music, by Mr. James E. Matthew, the author of " A Manual of Musical History." No one who wishes to know about the most useful works in the principal departments of musical literature, and especially of rare books on that subject, should fail to read what Mr. Matthews has to say.

Folk-Songs and Part Songs (G. Schirmer, New York) should commend itself to choral classes and singing clubs for the simple reason that it is by Frank Damrosch. Mr. Damrosch is now nearly as widely known as his eminent brother, Walter Damrosch, by reason of his work as a choral conductor in New York. In his " People's Singing Classes" he has taught thousands of people who are cut off from the ordinary avenues of art to sing good music and to sing it well. The book before us is an admirably chosen collection of old songs, chorals, and glees, with exercises and just enough explanation and instruction for the average music-reader. It is well adapted for both schools and singing societies, and is likely to cultivate a taste for good music as well as good singing-two very different things.

One of the most charming of holiday publications is A Poster Calendar for 1897, by Mr. Edward Penfield. (R. H. Russell & Son, New York.) Mr. Penfield's style is too well known to make any description by us necessary. Suffice it to say that he has done no more striking poster-work than appears in this calendar.Another calendar is called The Pursuit of Happiness for 1897, and consists of a selection from the writings of Dr. Daniel G. Brinton by Martha Allston Potts, with drawings by William Sherman Potts. (George W. Jacobs & Co., Philadelphia.) The idea of this calendar is a good one, although the calendar itself is separated from the thoughts. The practical value of both of the above publications might have been increased without detriment to their artistic merit.

The Art of Velasquez, by William Armstrong, No. 29 of "The Portfolio" (The Macmillan Company, New York), introduces to the reader one of the great artists of the world whose works are too little known. His "Crucifixion " seems to us in conception perhaps the finest representation of the awful scene in art. The illustrations in this number of "The Portfolio," however, are hardly equal to its general excellent average.

The Rev. Dr. Alexander S. Twombly is the author of a series of attractive essays on The Masterpieces of Michelangelo and Milton. (Silver, Burdett & Co., Boston.) The attractive subject-matter of this volume may insure its wide reading, and the author does well to unite two such colossal figures in one volume, for in grandeur of conception they are one.

CHILDREN'S BOOKS

Taking a Stand, by Amy E. Blanchard, illustrated by Ida Waugh, is the story of a brother and sister whose good sense saves the family honor and succeeds in putting the family in a comfortable position. The introduction to a mining camp and the recovery of a claim add to the dramatic interest of the story. A silver spoon and an embroidered napkin are the missionaries of cleanliness and order to a little girl in a home in the mountains of Tennessee. The little girl, Zan, was the housekeeper, because her mother was an invalid. The story is the promise of better things to follow. (G. W. Jacobs & Co., Philadelphia.)-Oliver Optic's Four Young Explorers is, of course, one of a series of boys' books-Mr. Adams usually keeps two or three series going at the same time, like a juggler with his balls. This story deals with Borneo, and has a good deal of interesting information about that little known and strange place. Oliver Optic has been a favorite for about thirty years, and he holds his own surprisingly.

(Lee & Shepard, Boston.)-The little people who were fortunate enough to receive last Christmas "The Adventures of Two Dutch Dolls and a Golliwogg" will be delighted to know that the Golliwogg, Peg, Sarah Jane, Weg, and the rest of the dolls organized a bicycle club. They left doll-land on their wheels and visited Europe and Asia, meeting with many adventures, all of which are carefully recorded by the artist, Florence K. Upton, and the writer, Bertha Upton, in the Golliwogg's Bicycle Club. (Longmans, Green & Co., London.)

There appears to be no end to the interest in charades. We have recently commented on two contributions to this kind of literature, and now comes a third, The Columbian Prize Charades, by Herbert Ingalls, which contains one hundred and sixty of these beguiling and exasperating puzzles. (Lee & Shepard, Boston.)

Literary Notes

-The new novel by M. Jules Viaud (Pierre Loti) is to be called "Le Ramontcho." The scene is laid in the French Pyrenees.

-By a pen-slip in the editorial "The Bible as Literature " The Outlook spoke of Dr. Griffis's "Rose Among Thorns." The title, of course, is "The Lily Among Thorns."

-It is said that the late William Morris's Kelmscott Press will soon be closed. When the books which are now in course of execution are finished, no others will be begun.

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-The recent typographical changes made by the "Book-Buyer" are all in the direction of distinction of style. The "Book-Buyer has always been well and tastefully made, but in its new dress it gives a fresh impression of dignity, not to say of elegance. The title page is thoroughly in keeping with the literary character of the publication, the type is particularly large and clear, and the atmosphere of the little magazine is distinctly literary.

-The London "Academy " has also changed its dress of type, very distinctly for the better. The paragraphs in the new type look extremely attractive. The "Academy" is quite justified in reviewing its career of a quarter of a century at a time when it is widening its interests and therefore its influence. No literary periodical in our language has attained a higher position. This initial number under the new departure contains a portrait of Ben Jonson.

-The interesting announcement is made by the Critic Company of New York that it is about to begin the publication of a literary magazine, to be called “The Month: in Literature, Art, and Life." The new monthly will be edited by Joseph B. Gilder and Jeannette L. Gilder, editors of "The Critic;" and will be made up, in part, of matter that has appeared in the weekly issues of that journal. There will be about one hundred pages of reading-matter and illustrations.

-Professor William Milligan Sloane, who has just been called from Princeton to the chair of History at Columbia University, is a graduate of the latter institution. After his college course he studied at Berlin and Leipsic, receiving the degree of Ph.D. He also acted as private secretary to George Bancroft, United States Minister to Germany. Prior to 1883 he held the place of Professor of Latin at Princeton, but was transferred to the Professorship of History. Professor Sloane is well known through his works, "The French War and the Revolution" and "The Life of Napoleon."

-A correspondent has called our attention to a statement in the review of Dr. Noble's sermons, "The Divine Life in Man," in The Outlook for June 13, 1896, that "Dr. Noble regards it [the World's Parliament of Religions] as a betrayal of the religion of Christ." We have re-examined the book, thank our correspondent for calling our attention to the error, and are glad to do justice both to Dr. Noble and ourselves by correcting it. Dr. Noble does not make any attack upon the World's Parliament of Religions. Refusing to consider whether it was wise or not, he simply takes the occasion to compare Christianity with other religions, and to claim for it, what The Outlook also claims, that "Christianity is not one of many faiths; it is the one faith."

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We hear that Captain Mahan's "Life of Nelson" will be published in March next. It has been announced from Washington that Captain Mahan had been placed on the retired list, at his own request. The announcement was received at the Navy Department with astonishment, as Captain Mahan would have been promoted to the rank of Commodore in a few months, and could have retired then with increased pay. It is thought that he must have been forced to act now by pressing literary engagements, as he has been available for voluntary retirement since September 30, 1895, having entered the navy in the class of 1855. Captain Mahan is one of the most famous naval writers in the world. His book on the "Influence of Sea Power on History" is regarded as a standard by the great naval powers of Europe. The United States naval war college at Newport is his creation, and the curriculum there was planned by him. He was born in New York, and appointed from that State. He served through the Civil War with distinction. In accordance with the terms of his retirement, he will be subject at all times to duty in case of war.

[For list of Books Received see page 1059]

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The Home Club

Manners in Public

Seated in a large convention of women recently, the conviction that women's manners in public are not as good as those of men was forced upon several observers. The hall in which the convention was held was badly situated, and it was only possible to hear the speakers by maintaining absolute silence and perfect physical repose. Yet in that au

dience of well-to-do women there were constant rustling, undertone conversations, whisperings, exits and entrances made while speakers were on the platform, while the anteroom was a perfect buzz of conversation, although every woman knew that it was separated from the main hall only by curtains. Two things women must learn which will prevent waste of energy. One is that women who speak in public should use their voices properly. It is to be hoped that the day is not far distant when a part of every girl's education will be voice culture; that she will be taught to use her voice properly and enunciate clearly. Is there anything more wearisome than to sit in an overcrowded hall with a woman on the platform making most eloquent gestures, appealing, apparently, to the best in mankind, and yet only one or two words of her sentences reaching midway the length of the hall? Naturally when this occurs the women who do not hear first begin commenting, and then drop into conversation, finally blotting out the speaker's voice entirely. A woman who cannot control herself enough to use her voice intelligently should never rise to her feet in public. She does no good, and much harm.

Sometimes

the effect is positively ludicrous. No long ago in a public meeting a woman rose to her feet, after tremendous apparent effort, and began to speak. In less than three minutes she was in tears; her audience knew it, for they saw her use her handkerchief. Women love emotion, and naturally every woman there would have been glad to use her handkerchief in sympathy, but, alas! they never knew what it was that so stirred the speaker. Before she sat down the effect was positively grotesque; her hand going to her face with the regularity of a machine suggested the movement of a governor on an engine. Those who sat so that they could see her profile knew that she was speaking, for they saw her jaws in motion, but not one sound could be heard, and it was evident from the expression of the face of the presiding officer that she could not hear what the woman was talking about. Naturally a woman so governed by her emotions would not know when to sit down, and some of the audience got up and left in despair, for, they thought, This time we have discovered Tennyson's brook. No woman's education is complete until she has learned the mastery of her vocal chords, and no presiding officer does her full duty who permits a woman to occupy time when she cannot be heard. The only excuse would be beauty, and in this busy world we rarely have time to sit and gaze at even a beauty on a platform. Ethics, not æsthetics, is usually the main object of the assembling of women.

Cleanliness and Godliness

The Fifteenth Assembly District has been canvassed by the Federation of Churches and Christian Workers. The Fifteenth Assembly District runs from Forty-third to Fifty-third Street, and from Eighth Avenue to the river. The need of free baths in New York will be recognized when it is known that among 8,176 families in this district there is an average for the whole district of one tub to 7.9 families. That is for the whole district. West of Ninth Avenue, where the tenement-houses far outnumber the houses occupied by single families, the average is one bath-tub to 17.9 families. West of Tenth Avenue the average is one bath-tub to 217.1 families; west of Eleventh Avenue, one to 440.3 families. This question of free baths for the people is one that is closely allied to the morals of the people. Philanthropists will yet learn that the surest way to elevate the people will be by the erection of baths, and this not only in the tene

ment-house districts, but even in the better localities. There cannot be moral and spiritual development when the body is subject to disease because of its dirty condition and the dirty condition of the clothes worn. Physicians are being aroused to the fact that the moral degradation of children is often the direct result of uncleanliness; and teachers testify that the children who are clean and well clothed, that is, clothed with clean clothes, acquire and retain mental knowledge very much better than children who are dirty and who are improperly clothed. That the body is the temple of the Holy Ghost we have heard for centuries, but it is a new idea that the Holy Ghost, to reach the fullness of its power, requires that the temple shall be clean.

A Courageous Woman

There is a lady in New York who has had the courage to work so faithfully for the protection of dumb animals as to be known to

the drivers of trucks as "the Seventy-fifth Street Lady." She has made it her business always to prosecute every man she has seen abusing his horse. Recently a wagon belonging to an express company, heavily loaded with trunks, blocked traffic. The driver was beat

ing and kicking the horse when "the Seventyfifth Street Lady" appeared. She walked through the crowd and rebuked the driver, who answered her with oaths. She immediately left and came back with a policeman. The policeman knew her at once as "the Seventy-fifth Street Lady," and thought it would be well for him, no matter what his sympathies were, to carry out the intention of the law. He arrested the driver after "the Seventy-fifth Street Lady" had made one more appeal to him to lighten his wagon. Many women will protest while their emotions are excited against an act of cruelty, but that is only one step, and a comparatively easy one, for, whatever conspicuousness may attend it, the woman who makes herself prominent on the side of mercy is soon swallowed up in the surrounding crowds and forgotten. The difference between the majority of women and "the Seventy-fifth Street Lady" is that "the Seventy-fifth Street Lady" makes it a point to appear in court against the man whose arrest she has caused, but she proves to him that she is not an enemy to man if she is a friend to the brute, for she not infrequently pays the fine when the man is poor and cannot pay it himself. If she has occasion to cause the arrest of this man the second time, she then becomes the embodiment of justice without the element of mercy, and allows him to pay the penalty of his misdeeds. The trouble with most of us is that we lack the courage to compel obedience to the law. Nine-tenths of the discomfort, the abuse of law, and the degradation in city life is due to the lack of courage on the part of those who know that the enforcement of the law would tend to reduce the discomfort and to elevate the citizen and protect the home. Would that there were more 66 Seventy-fifth Street Ladies," whose actions were not the result of

suddenly aroused emotion, but of deeply seated principle. Were there more, life in all our large communities would be very much more comfortable than at present.

Women's Clubs

The women's clubs in Illinois have probably exceeded the clubs of any other State in their activity in municipal work. Many of the clubs of the State have special departments to consider the school questions and the management of the schools. The report of the Committee on Education of the Illinois Federation of Women's Clubs, given at the second annual meeting, October 7, 1896, strongly urges, under the broad title Study of the Science of Education," that the members study psychology and pedagogy, and, above all, closely study their own children. Some of the women's clubs have been active in uniting the public library and the public schools. Where money has not been provided from the public funds, some of these clubs have provided money to meet the expense of transportation,

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In other cities the women's clubs have succeeded in getting the school board to become responsible for the use of the books loaned by the libraries. Very many of the members of the clubs of the State are mem

bers of the Board of Education. This is true

of the clubs of Aurora, Decatur, Elgin, Chicago, West End Chicago, Henry, Princeton, and Freeport; the Effingham Emerson Club, the Quincy, Atlantus, and the Riverside Women's Reading Club. The President of the Springfield Woman's Club refused to accept the honorable position on the Board of Education, and her husband was appointed. Some of the women's clubs have provided clothing for destitute children, in order that every child might be able to attend the public schools. Many of the women's clubs have provided works of art for their schools in the cities where they are located. Among the lecturers who have lectured before the women's clubs in the State are: G. Stanley Hall, President of Clark University; Arnold Tompkins, Professor of Pedagogy in the University of Illinois; John Dewey, Professor of Pedagogy in the University of Chicago; Colonel Parker and Wilbur S. Jackman, of the Cook County Normal School; President John W. Cook, of the Illinois State Normal School; Miss Josephine Locke, Supervisor of Drawing in the Chicago Public School; Mrs. Alice Whiting Putnam and Miss Elizabeth Harrison, kindergartners of national reputation, and many others. Two of the class in different cities gave a reception each to the teachers of the city. The Woodlawn Woman's Club called a Conference composed of one delegate from each federated club in Cook County to discuss the suggestions for public-school work issued by the Federation.

and to decide what active measures the clubs should take in educational matters.

The Tuesday Club of Clinton, Ia, is a purely literary club. Emerson, Browning, George Eliot, Lowell, Ibsen, Walt Whitman, including the first week in January. After are the subjects of the programmes up to and that " Prehistoric Man" is considered for four meetings, when the subjects are "Denmark and Switzerland," with a return to the prehistoric age for two meetings, when Oxford, Stratford, Warwick, Birmingham, and Sheffield, historic and modern Edinburgh, Melrose and Abbotsford, Sir Walter Scott and his writings, the history of Glasgow, the Historical Portrait Gallery of Scotland, Burns and Ayr and Bonnie Doone are considered. "The Lake Country," recitations from Wordsworth, Southey, the Reminiscences of Southey and Coleridge" and their contemporary friends, constitute the subjects for June 1, when Ireland, Irish authors, Liverpool, the Isle of Man, close the year for this club.

The Salem Woman's Club was organized in 1894. It has a membership of about one hundred and fifty, and, like the preceding club, proposes to enter every field of knowledge during the coming winter.

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The Pencil's Genealogy

By Julia M. Colton

For the Little People

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Rest many united by family ties ;

The Peat and the Anthracite people abound, And sometimes a Diamond cousin is found.

"They died and were buried a long time ago, But graves have been opened their treasures to show ;

And in the same ground where the Ferns are at rest

We were found, wearing also the family crest.

"So pardon the prompting of family prideWith the Leads we were never remotely allied; And when with good pencils you sketch or you write,

I pray you remember our name is Graphite."

Charley's Dream

By Mary H. Fisk

"You look green," said one wave to another. "Anyway, I'm not fresh," retorted the other. "Get out of my way," roared a big one as he rolled over on the beach, sending his spray high in the air.

"Nobody's afraid of you!" and back into the ocean the two silly waves sped, with a little gurgling laugh at their own joke.

"Wish I were out in mid-ocean, where a big storm was raging," said a fierce-looking

billow.

"It would be more fun," said another close

behind him," to be down in the depths of the ocean where the sea-nymphs ring their bells of shells, and—”

But Charley never knew what else the seanymphs did, for the bells of shells he had been dreaming about turned out to be the striking of the clock his father had given him. Would you like to know why his father gave him a clock? I will tell you about it.

His home was a great many miles away from the ocean; he had read and talked about it, and longed to see it.

This summer his father had said to him, "Charley, I want you and your mother to spend the summer at the seashore." Charley was wild with delight. "But," went on his father, "I can't have your mother eat her breakfasts all by herself. Do you think you can get up in time every morning?"

Charley did not like to get out of bed the minute he woke up, one bit-he would a great Ideal rather turn over and take another napbut he did want to go to the seashore; so he promised he would get up, and his father had given him the clock that he might know what time it was.

"A promise is a promise," thought Charley, "and I'm not the kind of a fellow to go back on my word when I have given it." So he sprang out of bed even before the clock had

done striking. "I do wish I could have dreamed a few moments longer, though, and found out what else the sea nymphs were going to do, but I suppose now I shall never know."

All day he and his mother sat on the sand, watching the waves come in, and he was sure he could recognize the silly waves and the fierce waves he had seen in his dream, and he found there were other kinds too.

There were the demure waves that came in so quietly that no one thought of paying any attention to them, when suddenly they would sweep away up on the beach, making the children run away from them screaming with laughter.

There come the racers," shouted Charley, "but they always spoil it by turning to look at each other and getting all mixed up, so I never can tell which one touches the beach first." "I am sure that venerable-looking wave is trying to tell us," said his mother, "that he is so old he can remember the time when little Indian children played on this beach, and the white children were all on the other side of the ocean."

"What is that one saying?" asked Charley. "That one is saying, I am a traveled wave and have been where you can't go, for my drops of water have climbed the ladders' the sun sends down for them, to the cloud-land; have rained down upon the earth, sinking into the ground for a time; have come out as springs of water, that, running together, formed brooks, the brooks flowed into the rivers, and the rivers into the sea, and thus my drops of water found their way back to their home in

the ocean."

Charley did feel so sorry his father could not be with them, for they were having such a good time-he felt it was the very best time he ever had had in his life.

Every day he wrote his father a letter, and they were long ones, too. He had so much to tell him, for, besides watching the waves, and bathing in them, and playing in the sand, he was making a collection of shells and seamosses which the "kindly waves," as his mother and himself had named them, washed up upon the beach.

And besides all this he had a secret that took up a great deal of his time. As his father could not come and see the ocean for himself, Charley decided to paint some little pictures to take home to him. He did not speak of it in his letters, for he wanted it to be a great surprise. He was discouraged over them sometimes, for the waves were hard to draw, but before the summer was over he had finished four pictures. The first one was a view of the waves on a pleasant day, sparkling in the sunshine and as blue as the sky. In the second, the waves looked green under a cloudy sky. The third was the day after a storm, when the waves were rolling in mountain high, and very little could be seen but spray and foam. And the fourth was a moonlight scene, when the waves were coming in so gently and quietly that Charley was sure they were singing a lullaby to the sand.

Charley had a happy summer, and he had a happy home-coming, too.

His father was pleased with the pictures,

and said they were the next best thing to seeing the ocean for himself; and he also said— and this was one of the things that made Charley so happy-" Charley, you promised to get up every morning and take good care of your mother, and you have done it. I am proud of my son, and think him a man.”

How the Babies Traveled Away up in Alaska, sixty miles from the seacoast, where part of a journey was through a dangerous pass, two little babies have just made a journey. Their father and mother went there four years ago. It was a great event when this dainty little woman came into the silver-mining camp in Alaska, where no woman had ever been before. A little home

was made amid the snows and ice, and after a little while two beautiful babies came to live in it. These babies were welcomed by all the men, and loved by the roughest of them. The most beautiful presents that the men could procure were brought to them, and many men sent these babies presents of silver and of curiosities who never saw them, who only just heard that there, in the Yukon mining camp, were little twin babies. But two years ago their mamma left them, when they were only three months old. It was a sad day for all the mining camp and for the whole district when this dear little lady died. The desolate condition of the little babies only made the men more tender and loving, and two of the men gave up their mining work to take care of the babies. The father saw that he could only keep these children with him for a little time, that it was not right to have them growing up without any woman about them, or any home such as babies should have, and he decided last June that he would bring them to the United States. The children were put in fur sleepingbags, which were strapped on their father's back. Every man told the father that he was crazy to attempt to make this journey with the two babies, but he felt sure that he could accomplish it, and he did. He said that often, while going through the pass, when the cold was so bitter that it almost made him helpless, he would not hear any sounds from the sleeping-bags on his back, and he would unstrap them, only to find that the children were playing with the hair of the sleeping-bags, or with each other, or had gone to sleep. He said it was very funny, the constant amusement they found in playing with his hair. After three weeks of journeying through cold and over rough roads the father at last reached the seacoast, and the babies are now safe with their relatives in Minnesota.

Free Fish

Down on the New Jersey coast the people have been having a great deal of fun lately. They have been catching fish without hook or line. Every autumn the sand-eels visit the New Jersey coast in the vicinity of Sandy Hook, and there come after them shoals of fish known as whiting or winter weak fish. At night these fish seem to become confused. They follow the eels farther and farther toward the shore, and when the waves go back the fish are stranded on the beach, and the people just walk down on the beach and pick

them up.

Some provide themselves with scoop-nets, and, as the waves come in, they scoop the fish as they pass them on the crest of the water. Boys and girls, men and women, have been spending moonlight nights on the beach fishing without the aid of hook or line.

Poor Jack!

Two cats went to sea on a steamship bound for the West Indies. A terrible gale sprang up when the ship had been from shore two

days, and when the sea calmed again, Jack,

one of the cats, could not be found. His sister seemed to miss him greatly, and the sailors felt very sad. One of the stokers was down in the hold, when he saw a large black rat, as he supposed. He took his shovel to strike the rat, but it turned and looked at him, and it proved to be Jack, who had got down in the coal and was as black as the coal. He evidently had been frightened by the storm, had gone below, and in the pitching of the coal had been buried underneath it, He was tenderly nursed by the sailors, and returned to harbor quite as beautiful, as snowy, and as happy as when the ship first sailed away.

Answer to Puzzle

(See The Outlook for November 21) Trout, sword, white, cat, sole, carp, seal, sun.

The Armenian Question

A Letter from Mr. Gladstone To the Editors of The Outlook:

Your readers may be interested in the inclosed postal card which I have just received from the Rt. Hon. William E. Gladstone, showing his deep interest and satisfaction in the efforts which we are making to arouse the interest and secure the help of the American people in saving from starvation the survivors of the Armenian massacres. He again raises his voice in protest against the selfish apathy of the civilized world, which is hardly less in

think of putting your Fund to the expense of a cable message.

I rejoice, however, that the great and bountiful people of your country are endeavoring, through the Relief Fund, to mitigate as far as they can some of the consequences of the conduct of the Great Assassin.

This is something, not much. For Europe and civilization still remain under the disgraceful reproach of having coldly tolerated a series of outrages perhaps the most monstrous known to history; and, according to the latest accounts, one of the Powers seems, after the innumerable falsehoods of the Sultan, still to

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accept his trivial and

worthless assurances, and even to be flattered by

them.

To your good work I wish heartily well, and I

have the honor to remain
Your very faithful
W. E. GLADSTONE.
Νον. 9, 196.

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Letter from Dr. Hamlin

The following letter is sent us in response to a request from us for the facts respecting Secretary Olney's statement:

To the Editors of The Outlook:

I have since heard from the same sources that the ladies had left the house [this refers to the massacre at Haskeui] before the mob. They left their two servants and the American flag. It was a servant who put out the flag, and he or she was killed. It was, therefore, no disrespect to the American flag. Oh, no! An Armenian threw it out, and it was per

Find to suikerbotten we relay and the Armenian fectly proper that it should be torn down and torn

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deration Hall cauronidatti dongenspel refrench of having coldly bolwater, a hever younger Jushups the suit tion trous huson to hirving Carl arcending to the Erbest arcourts on y the Powers leurs gefte the caveambul Fachhands of the Sultan still to septe his trial & worthlessure and the flattered by them, Joyou gered worth I with hamtrily walls andl hover the hoverd to event your very feedlefed Myladitom Mogg.4G

human than the atrocious conduct of the Turks themselves.

His closing reference to "one of the Powers" is to Germany, whose young Emperor, in order to show his approval of the Sultan, presented him, by the hand of the German Ambassador, a magnificent portrait of the royal family, within ten days of the massacres of August 26 to 28, which deluged the streets of Constantinople with the blood of 5,000 of the Sultan's Christian subjects.

Compared with other letters of Mr. Gladstone, which I received only a year and a half ago, this one is very obscure. I think it must have been written on the cars or while he was feeling indisposed. But the fact that he took the trouble to write it, even under such circumstances, increases its value, as an evidence of his profound interest and convictions on this great subject.

How much longer will Christendom turn a deaf ear to the warnings of its own conscience as uttered through the voice of the "Grand Old Man"? Where are the grand young men who will take up the standard of humanity, as it soon must fall from his hand, and carry it on to victory? Yours very truly,

FREDERICK D. GREENE.

63 Bible House, New York.

COPY OF POSTAL CARD

Dear Sir: My utterances on Armenia have been too frequently expressed and have become so stale and commonplace that I could not

Secretary Olney last week gave the following statement to the United Associated Press. Comment will be found on our editorial pages:

The State Department authorizes the statement that the assertion made by Dr. Cyrus Hamlin that American women in Haskeui fled from massacre, not finding protection under the American flag, is an entire mistake; that the flag was neither furled nor insulted at that point, and that not an American man, woman, or child was at Haskeui during the massacre.

Equally unfounded is the statement recently made in Chickering Hall by Dr. Grace Kimball that only the English flag is respected in Turkey. During the massacre at Constantinople she hurried by other flags and found protection under her own flag and the escort of the American Consul-General. She passed through the streets where men were being killed by mobs, and went safely under our flag up the Bosporus.

Through scenes of mob violence all over Turkey our flag and missionaries have been protected by Turkish troops. We have lost by incendiary fires but two places, both far in the interior-the value being much less than the claims of England, France, and Italy, for monks and priests killed, churches burned or houses pillaged, and for which no indem

nity has been paid. Every peaceful American ar

rested or detained has been released on demand of the American Minister.

The demonstrations of revolutionists in Turkey are now the chief danger so far as our missionaries

are concerned, whose safety is not promoted by intemperate expressions of public opinion excited by appeals to sentiment, regardless of facts.

The Armenian Fund

Previously acknowledged..

F. E. B....

A Christian Endeavorer. B. M. F...

Helping Hand Society, King's Daughters,

Mrs. J. R.

Cambridge, Mass..

X....

S. M. B....

E. H. F., Worcester, Mass.. H. E. S., Philadelphia, Pa..

Total........

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up, and that the servant should be beaten to death with clubs and the house looted. It is reported that a Jew bought the latter for £9, but the American flag lated and blood-stained! It is doubtless true that no was respected even if the American home was desoAmerican, either man or woman, resides in Haskeui, much as the American flag is respected. Pray demand who is he that gives the lie to that heroic woman, Dr. Grace Kimball. He does not give his name, for the world would scorn him as a liar. If Secretary Olney sanctions that, he must bear the odium. And, pray, do ask what Italian, French, and English monks and priests were killed, churches burned, and houses pillaged for which no indemnity has been paid? One priest, we know, was killed by mistake, and they are making a great fuss over that one case, and satisfactory indemnity is promised. Let us have the English church burned, the English house pillaged, the English priest killed; sad is the condition of Secretary Olney if he believes such stuff. "Every American arrested," etc.? Give us the history of Mr. Knapp, of Mr. Crawford, and others! It is true no American has been killed. This is Judge Terrell's grand refrain, repeated from Washington ad nauseam. Houses burned after being gutted, furniture destroyed, Americans fleeing under fire from place to place, clothing, beds, and bedding seized and carried off; books destroyed, ladies, American ladies, left with no change of apparel-but no American killed! Glory be to Sultan Hamid, Judge Terrell, and President Cleveland, who extends his mighty arm of protection over all American citizens! Their servants are killed, their students are shot down, their school buildings burnt, and they have expected death every minute, but no American has been killed! The flag is everywhere profoundly respected, and Dr. Grace Kimball, the heroine of Van, lies! She was a liar because she reported the

Aches

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