corrected proof-sheet, and manuscript copy accompanying the same. Also, circulars and "commercial papers" partly printed and partly written (in unsealed envelopes) not having the nature of personal correspondence, or the expression of monetary value. Fourth class embraces merchandise and all other matter not embraced in the first, second and third classes.

What is the rate of postage on first-class matter other than postal cards and dropletters?

Answer. Three cents for each ounce or fraction thereof.

What are the rates on third and fourth class matter?

Answer. On third, one cent for each two ounces or fraction thereof; on fourth, one cent for each ounce or fraction thereof.

What is a "drop letter"?

Answer. A letter intended for a person residing within the delivery of the postoffice where it is posted.

What is the rate of postage on drop letters?

Answer. Two cents for each half ounce or fraction thereof at letter-carriers offices; one cent at all other offices.

When a letter exceeding the weight of half an ounce is deposited for mailing, with only one rate of postage (3c.) prepaid, is it forwarded to destination?

Answer. It is, and the receiving postmaster collects from the person to whom the letter is delivered the amount of postage due.

When a letter is deposited for mailing without any stamp affixed, or with less than one rate (3c.), or is misdirected, what becomes of it?

Answer. It is sent to the "Dead Letter Office" at Washington, D. C.

Is there any exception to this treatment of such letters?

Answer. There is. If the letter has the name and address of the sender on the envelope it is returned to him for postage, or for better direction, as the case may be. When a package of newspapers (third class) is deposited for mailing without having the requisite stamps on the wrapper what is done with it?

Answer. It is thrown with the waste matter in the post-office, unless the sender's name appears on the wrapper, in which case he will be notified of the detention of the package. Misdirected packages of third-class matter are treated in the same

manner.

What disposition is made of an unpaid, short paid, or misdirected package of fourth class matter?

Answer. If the sender is known it is returned to him, or he is notified of its detention. Otherwise, it is forwarded to the Dead Letter Office at Washington.

How should third or fourth-class matter be wrapped for transmission in the mail? Answer. Unless the contents can be easily examined, the package is not allowed to pass in the mails, or to be delivered at less rate than for matter of the first-class. What renders a package unmailable as third or fourth-class matter, when it is properly directed, and has the requisite stamps thereon for matter of these classes? Answer. When it contains any writing thereon or therein not permitted by law. What writing is permitted on third-class matter, or the wrapper enclosing it? Answer. The sender may write his own name and address with the word "from" above and preceding the same. He may also write upon the cover or blank leaves of any book, or of any printed matter of the third-class a simple dedication or inscription that does not partake of the nature of a personal correspondence.

What writing is permissible on a package of fourth-class matter?

Answer. The name and address of the sender, and the number and names of the articles enclosed.

If a person conceals or encloses a letter in a package of third or fourth-class matter what penalty is incurred?

Answer. A fine of $10 for every such offence.

What articles are excluded from the mails?

Answer. Liquids, poisons, explosives and inflammable articles, grease, animals, reptiles, fruits or vegetable matter liable to decomposition, comb honey, pastes, or confections, guano, and other substances exhaling a bad odor.

What articles are excluded from the mails unless packed in the manner prescribed by the post office department?

Answer. Glass, sharp-pointed instruments, and all other articles which are liable to destroy or damage the contents of a mail bag, or harm the person of any one engaged in the postal service.

What is the limit of weight of a package of third or fourth class-matter?

Answer. Four pounds except in case of single books weighing in excess of that

amount.

What is the penalty for using or attempting to use in payment of postage any cancelled postage stamp?

Answer. Imprisonment for not less than six months, nor more than one year, or by a fine not less than $100 nor more than $500 for each offence.

What stamps besides cancelled stamps cannot be used in the payment of postage? Answer. Internal revenue stamps, foreign stamps or unused stamps cut from a stamped envelope or wrapper.

When any article of mail matter has been delivered according to the address thereon can it be fowarded in the mail without re-payment of postage?

Answer. It will not be forwarded, unless, in case of a letter, at least one rate of postage be repaid, or unless such matter being addressed to the care of another person shall be immediately returned by him, re-directed.

What renders a postal card unmailable unless a two cent postage stamp be affixed ? Answer. When anything (except an address on the address side) is pasted, pinned or otherwise attached to it.

What writing in addition to the address is permissble on the address side of a postal card?

Answer. The completion of a sentence for which there is not sufficient space on the message side.

When a postal card reaches its destination, and remains unclaimed for thirty days what becomes of it?

Answer. If the message is wholly in writing it is sent to the "Dead Letter Office," otherwise it is thrown with the waste matter.

What becomes of unclaimed letters?

Answer. When they have on the envelope a request to return to writer if not delivered within a specified number of days, they are returned accordingly. When they contain merely the sender's name or business card, they are retained thirty days, and then returned. When there is neither name nor card on the envelope, or only the name of a hotel or public institution, without a request to return, they are advertised, and if not then claimed they are sent to the Dead Letter Office.

The Coming Teacher.

BY J. BALDWIN.

1. His Position.-The old school-master belongs to the past. The modern teacher marks the transition from the old to the new.

The coming teacher will fill

With noble mein, he will

an honored position among the illustrious of the earth. stand in the arena of thought and action, the peer of the statesman, the clergyman, and the philosopher.

2. What he will Be.-The coming teacher will be a superior man or woman— physically, mentally, and morally.

[1.] He will be a splendid type of physical manhood. His erect form, buoyant step, graceful movements, musical voice, powerful and well poised nervous system, exuberant spirits and enduring strength, will fit him to direct, to manage, to instruct, and to inspire. Teaching is thought to be easy work, hence the tendency to fill our ranks with weaklings and invalids. Fatal mistake! No other profession requires such robust health-such bounding spirits, such nerves of steel. The nations are beginning to learn this lesson. The coming teacher will take his place with the soldier and the athlete as a splendid type of physical manhood.

[2.] The coming teacher will possess mental power and vigor. He will be the peer of the editor, the statesman, the minister, the lawyer, and the physician. He will lead his pupils up to a grander, higher life. In all the movements of society he will be a prominent actor. He will profoundly study men and affairs as well as books. He will ponder well the great problems of humanity, and he will so educate his pupils as to render them of the greatest possible value to society and to themselves. Teaching requires talent of the highest order. Too long have theology, medicine, law and commerce absorbed our best men; too long has the error prevailed that any one can teach children. Society should demand her most gifted men and women for the school-room.

[3.] Thorough scholarship and broad culture will characterize the coming teacher. To good natural abilities he will add learning, culture, and discipline. He will know vastly more than text-books, and will be able to lead his pupils into broader and richer fields of thought. He will know how to introduce practical knowledge of almost every kind into the subjects of study. To call him a teacher whose scholarship is rudimentary, shallow and nebulous; whose knowledge is elementary, crude and scanty; and whose notions are narrow, bigoted and erroneous, is the worst of misnomers.

The time has come when ignorant pretenders must be excluded from our noble profession. The coming teacher will possess breadth of learning and breadth of culture. He will be master of the subjects taught, independent of the text-books, and capable of the most searching analysis and the clearest synthesis.

[4] The coming teacher will be a person with sound principles, pure and noble impulses, and a stainless character. They who mold our youth, and whose mission it is to inspire love for everything that is pure and right, must themselves be pure and true.

All the vicious, all the canting hypocrites, all whose impulses are low and selfish,

must be excluded from the brotherhood of teachers. Here we must have genuine men and women, such as have hearts full of love for God and man, such as will, by every word and act, help their pupils to become strong to resist the wrong and do the right. The coming teacher, with these sterling traits, will do more to elevate our race than all other reformers combined.

[5.] The coming teacher will be an educational artist. He will be a profound student of child-nature, as well as of the educational thought and experience of the race. The great educational principles, “mind and body are interdependent ”; "the soul is self-acting"; "educational growth results from well-directed effort"; "the self-activity of child-mind, stimulated and directed by the teacher, results in development"; "to take an intelligent step, the teacher must understand the plan of child-mind, as well as the plan of the subject taught," etc., will enter into the warp and woof of his mental economy.

As an artist, he will be guided by these principles. He will teach principles, things, thoughts—not mere words and book formulæ. He will train the pupils to be observant and self-reliant, and to use judgment as well as perception and memory.

Under his plastic hand the entire nature of the child-physical, mental and moral-will bud, and blossom, and bear fruit. The grandest, noblest manhood will be the product. Our race will enter upon the sublime phases of human possibilities, foretold by poets and philanthropists.

Then will be realized universal education and universal brotherhood.

3. How to Provide the Coming Teacher.-Philip thanked the gods that Alexander was born when he could have Aristotle for a teacher. Every child has as much right to skilled instruction as the son of a king. The world's great want is educational artists. The world's great work is to provide efficient teachers for the masses.

[1.] The teacher's position must be made more desirable. None but the worthy must be permitted to enter this profession, and society must be educated to hold in high esteem the self-sacrificing and hard-working school teacher. The people must learn to honor, and trust and co-operate with these brave men and women.

[2.] The teacher's position must be made more secure. No other vocation is now so precarious. For all sorts of reasons, or for none, the teacher is "turned off.” The common school teacher is literally a wanderer. Is it surprising that competent teachers seek other fields of labor? When all this shall be changed, and when the people shall learn to spare no effort to secure and to keep the best teachers, our most gifted youth will gladly fit themselves for educators.

[3.] Teaching must be made more remunerative. Excepting California, no State or country adequately remunerates the common school teacher. Short terms and low wages are fatal to efficiency. Ten dollars less per month decides the average school board to employ an inferior teacher. So long as we pursue the ruinous policy of exacting a dollar's worth of work for fifty cents, just so long will we fail to secure efficient teachers. Talent commands its price. Adequate compensation is absolutely essential in order to secure the most worthy men and women for our teachers.

Henry Ward Beecher, in speaking of teachers and salaries, says: "There is no profession so exacting, none that breaks men down so early as that of faithful teaching; and there is no economy so penurious, and no policy so intolerably mean as that by which the custodians of public affairs screw down to the starvation point the

small wages of men and women who are willing to devote their time and strength to teaching the young."

[4.] Positions must be made dependent on merit. Favoritism and nepotism are the bane of the profession. They literally drive the most worthy out of the profession. The selection of a teacher upon merit is the exception. The modest and worthy teacher gives place to the dolt who happens to have an influential uncle or a rich brother-in-law, or who belongs to a popular church or to the dominant political party.

This crime against the race demands a speedy and radical remedy. The indignation of outraged humanity should be visited upon the guilty perpetrators of these frauds. School boards must be held to strict account. Necessary safeguards must be provided. He who votes for a teacher from favoritism must be branded as a public enemy; and unscrupulous place-hunters must be expelled from the brotherhood. [5.] The best means of educating teachers must be provided. The coming teacher will usually be a graduate of a normal school, hence these institutions must be made every way worthy. Normal institutes must be maintained to stimulate continued growth. Our educational literature needs to be vastly improved and extended.

The coming teacher will not only be familiar with the educational achievements of the past, but also with current educational thought and current movements.

4. The Coming Teacher will be a Man among Men. He will boldly lead his pupils and the people up to a higher life. He will dare to teach vital truths, and will not shrink from pushing them to their results.

5. The Mission of the Coming Teacher.—Our best school systems are now comparatively inefficient because of the incompetency of teachers, and our best systems are full of defects.

[1.] The coming teacher will perfect our school systems, so as to secure the highest results at the least expense. Only teachers are qualified to perfect our educational plans. The outlines of the coming system are now well defined, and our educators, with singular unanimity, support the proposed measures.

[2.] The coming teacher will revolutionize our school methods. After all that has been done, the majority of our schools are wretchedly taught. But the coming teacher, even now, is at work in favored localities, and is doing bravely and well the work of revolutionizing school methods. It may take generations, but ultimately the coming teacher will find his way into every district.-American Journal of Education.

Examinations.

An intellectual life that is truly healthy will be pleasurable and spontaneous. If we put any worry and painful labor into our instruction, the harassed mind will avenge itself by improving its first liberty in turning disgustfully back from its ungrateful task. The true teacher will especially occupy himself in establishing a wholesome, agreeable habit of mind, that will go on through life to complete its own work.

Among the special instruments of intellectual annoyance and distressful labor may be put examinations. Examinations, as means of instruction, serve one purpose, and an important purpose; as artificial barriers which must be leaped before