to correct their speech, and never think of correcting their life. Others, by logical difcourfes of the art of reafon, difpute many times fo long, till they lofe thereby their natural reafon. One learns by arithmetic to divide into the fmalleft fractions, and yet hath not fkill to part one fhilling with his brother. Another, by geometry, can meafure fields, towns, and countries, but cannot measure himfelf. The mufician can accord his voices, and founds, and times together, having nothing in his heart but difcords; nor one paffion in his foul, but what is out of tune. The aftrologer looks up to the stars, and falls in the next ditch: foreknows the future, and is careless for the prefent; hath often his eye on the heavens, though his heart be buried on the earth. The philofopher difcourfeth of the nature of all other things, and yet knows not himself. The hiftorian can tell of the wars of Thebes and of Troy, but is ignorant of what is done in his own houfe. The lawyer will make laws for all the world, and yet obferve none himself. The phyfician cures others, but languishes himself u der his own malady; he can find the un leaft alteration in his pulfe, but takes no notice of the burning fever of his mind. Lafily, the divine will fpend the greatest part of his time in difputing of faith, and yet cares not to hear of charity; will talk of God, but has no regard to fuccour men. These knowledges bring on the mind an endless labour, but no contentment; for, the more he knows, the more he defires to know. They pacify not the debates a mán feels in himself; they cure not the difeafes of his mind; they make him learned, but they make him not good; cunning, but not wife. The more a man knows, the more he knows that he knows not; the fuller the mind is, the emptier he finds itself forafmuch as whatfoever a man can know of any science in this world, is but the leaft part of what he is ignorant of: all his knowledge confifting in knowing his ignorance, all his perfection in feeing his imperfections, which who best knows and notes, is, in truth, among men the most wife and perfect: In fhort, we muft conclude with Solomon, That the beginning and end of wisdom is the fear of God. The PROCEEDINGS in PARLIAMENT, January 18. It was refolved, that the duties on malt, mum, cyder, and perry be continued for the year 1750, to commence on the 24th of June. On the 19th, there was a Committee of the whole Houfe on the bill for punishing mutiny and defertion, and for the better payment of the army and their quarters. The Committee fat a fecond time on the fame bill on the 23d. 24. The Commons, in a grand Committee on the Malt-bill, went through it with amendments: and ordered in a bill to render profecution for perjury, and fubornation of perjury, more eafy and effectual. F fent a petition, complaining of incroachments made by the French and Dutch fishing-boats on their coafts of Suffolk, which, if not timely prevented, muft ruin the faid Fishery, and the said Petitioners: and praying fuch relief in this cafe, as to the Houfe fhould feem meet. Which petition was deferred to the Committee of the British Fishery. 29. The Malt-bill was read the third time, and pafled; and, after several debates, fome amendments were agreed to, and others rejected, before the Mutiny-bill was ordered to be ingroffed. 31. Dr. Bentham received the thanks 25. Several Merchants and others, of the Houfe, for his fermon preached. concerned in the Herring Fishery of before them yefterday, and was defirLovehoff in Suffolk, did this day pre-ed to print the fame. And then the Commoirs Commons did pafs a bill for vefting in Trustees certain leafes and estates forfeited by James Duke of Monmouth, put in exigent upon an indictment of high treafon, to fupply the lofs of the record of fuch indictment, and of the capia, and exigent thereon. February 1. A motion was made to addrefs his Majefty, that a copy of the commiffion for executing the office of Master-general of the Ordnance, also a copy of the inftructions given to the late Duke of Montague, be laid before the House but it paffed in the negative, upon a divifion of 151 against 63. The fame day paffed a bill for naturalizing John Peter Mandrot and Lewis Chabanel. 2. The grand Committee, to confider the state of the trade to Sweden, came to this refolution, that the duties on pig and bar iron, made in and imported from his Majefty's plantations in America, be taken off; which refolution was agreed to on the fifth. The clothiers of Trowbridge, Wilthire, petitioned for leave to bring in a bill to prevent evil-minded perfons, who are artificers in the woollen manufacture, or in other trades, departing the kingdom, and to oblige all prefent delinquents to return to their native country: and alfo to do the beft of their endeavours to prevent the conveying abroad tools and engines used in our manufactures, or draughts, models, and descriptions of fuch tools and engines. Which was approved. A motion was made to addrefs his Majefty, for a perfect account of the prefent ftate of the port and harbour of Dunkirk, and for copies of all memorials, representations, letters, and papers paffed between the two crowns in regard to the execution of the 17th Article of the definitive treaty of Aix la Chapelle, upon the 18th of October, N. S. 1748.-Which paffed in the negative, upon a divifion of 242 against mons pafied the bill for punishing mutiny and desertion, upon a divifion of 178 against 109. 8. The Commons paffed an ingrof- · fed bill from thé Lords, to impowerthe Committees of Thomas Earl of Bradford, a lunatic, to purchafe the lands and eftates of inheritance, with part of his perfonal eftate. The Committee, for confidering the ftate of the filk manufactures in this kingdom. refolved, That the encouraging of the importation of China raw filk to be manufactured in this kingdom will be a public benefit. That, on June 24, 1750, the feveral duties thereon fhall ceafe and determine : and that from June 24, 1750, the fame duties fhall be paid upon all China raw filk, as are now paid for that of the growth of Italy, and the fame drawback allowed. 9. The House, having agreed to thefe refolutions of the former day on China raw filk, paffed a bill for impowering his Majefty to fell the manor of Garfiang, Lancashire, and a meffuage and tenement in Newbigginge in Lonsdale, Wefimoreland, to the Hon. Edward Walpole, Efq. 12. It was refolved to pass the bill for the turnpike leading from the town of Manchester in Lancashire, through Afhton Underline and Mottram Longdendale, to Salter's Brook, Chefire. The fame day it was also refolved to grant 67,000l. on account of reduced Officers of the land-forces and marines for 1750. 65,481 1. for extra-expences of land-forces, and other fervices incurred in 1749, not provided for by Parliament. 46,8497. out of the favings from the pay of the land forces now in the hands of the Paymaster-general, towards defraying the extra-expences of the land forces, and other fervices incurred in 1749, not provided for by Parliament. 65,674 7. out of the favings on the head of forage and provifions voted for the auxiliary troops of Ruffia, and on fubfidies to the Landgrave of Hefe Caffell, Elector of Bavaria, and Duke H of of Wolfenbuttle, in the hands of the Paymatter General, towards the defraying the extra-expences of the landforces, and other fervices incurred in 1749, not provided for by Parliament. 275,736 1. to make good the deficiency of the grants for the year 1749. 13. A bill paffed to enable Beckford Kendall, Efq; to take and use the name of Cater. But a motion being made to ingrofs the turn pike bill, from Weftwood Gate in Bedfordshire, through Kettering in Northamptonshire, to Market-Harborough, it paffed in the negative. 15. The Committee on ways and means having come to the following refolutions yesterday, it was this day agreed, That 17.553. furplus of the duty on wines imported, be applied for 1750. 29,8561. furplus of the duties on houfes, &c. and coaches, carriages, &c. at Michaelmas, be applied for 1750. 71,116 7. furplus of the fubfidy on goods imported, be applied for 1750. Then the report of the Committee of the British Fishery being confidered, it was agreed, That the carrying on the White Herring and Cod Fisheries will be of great advantage to these kingdoms. That a bounty of 30 s. per ton be granted to all veffels from twenty to eighty tons, which shall be employed in the faid Fishery. That a Society be incorporated by a charter, with power to raise a capital of 500,000l. and that three and an half per cent. be paid out of the cuftoms for fourteen years, for fo much capital as is actually employed in the faid Fishery. 16. The bill for enlarging the term and powers of Fulham turnpike to the pound at Hammersmith; and alfo an act for naturalizing Ifaac Schomberg, M. D. was paffed this day. But the ingroffed bill for limiting the time, wherein non-commiffion officers and foldiers fhall be obliged to ferve in his Majefty's fervice, was, after several debates at its third reading, caft out. On the 19th, 20th, 21ft, and 22d, the Commons in a Committee took into confideration the state of the trade to Africa, and examined feveral wit neffes in relation thereto. 22. The ingroffed bill for repairing, improving, and maintaining the haven and piers of Great Yarmouth, and for depthening and making more navigable the feveral rivers that empty themfelves into the faid haven, &c. did pass this day. 23. In a Committee on the report relating to the importation of raw filk from America, refolved, That it will greatly tend to increase the filk mamufacture of this kingdom, to encourage the growth and culture of filk in America; and that the duties, now payable on raw filk imported, do cease and determine. 26. An ingroffed bill to render profecutions for perjury and fubornation of perjury more eafy and effectual, was read a third time, and paffed. By this act the profecutor is not obliged to recite the record; is excufed all fees, and allowed Council, as the Judge fhall direct. 27. The turnpike bill, for amending the highways leading from Brampton-bridge to Market-Harborough, explained and made more effectual. A bill for inclofing and dividing the commons and wafte grounds within the manors of Culcheth, Lancashire. A bill for enlarging the term and powers of the turnpike act from Wigan to Prefion. 28. The House paffed the bill for repealing the duties on China raw filk. March 1. The Houfe made a fur ther progrefs on the trade to Africa, and the next day refolved, That the trade to Africa ought always to remain free and open.- That it ought never to be taxed with any duties whatfoe. ver, for the fupport of and maintenance of any forts and fettlements there.-That the British forts and settlements on the coaft of Africa are neceffary, and may be rendered useful for the extending and protecting the trade in general.-And that, in order to carry on the trade in the most beneficial manner to thefe kingdoms, all his Majefty's fubjects trading to Africa be united in an open company, with out out any joint stock, or power to trade as a corporation, under proper regulations; and that the forts and fettlements on the coaft of Africa be put under proper management and regulalation. And the fame was agreed to on the fecond, when the game-bill alfo paffed to limit the time, and for the better preservation of the breed. 5. The Commons in a Committee of fupply came to the following refolutions, that 8000 1. be granted for finishing Westminster-bridge. 94,655 7. to make good the deficiency of the half fubfidy of tonnage and poundage... 1,000,000 1. to discharge the fame fum raised laft feffion, and charged on the first aids to be granted after the 29th of September 1749. Which being reported on the 6th, was agreed to. 7. A motion was made to addrefs his Majefty, for copies of all memorials, &c.paffed between his Majesty and the Minifters of the French King, relating to Nova Scotia, fince the treaty of Aix la Chapelle, 1748. But, after a long debate, it paffed in the negative, upon a divifion of 139 against 67. 9. There paffed a bill for the effectual punishing of perfons convicted of feducing artificers in the manufactures of Great Britain and Ireland, out of the dominions of the crown of Great Britain; and to prevent the exportation of utenfils made ufe of in the woollen and filk manufactures, from Great Britain or Ireland into foreign parts, &c. 12. Was paffed a bill for the better ordering of the office of Coroner; another for fecuring the fole property of 'an engine for raifing ballaft, fullage, and fand, &c. invented by Ifrael Pownoll, for a term of years to his children. The Committee of fupply agreed to the report of the refolutions on Friday laft, concerning the Hanaper: That it appeared there was due from the office of the Hanaper, at Michaelmas 1749, the fum of 10,590 /. 12 s. 11 d. That 10,590 7. 12 s. 11 d. be granted to discharge the faid debt. 1200 l. per annum be granted to augment the revenue of the office of the Mafter of the Rolls. 1800 l. per annum be granted to prevent future deficiencies of the revenue of the Keeper or Clerk of the Hanaper. Then, in a grand Committee on ways and means, they came to the following refolutions, which were reported, and agreed to on the morrow; namely, That 1,000,000 7. be raised by annuities at 3 per cent. per annum, to be charged on the finking fund, redeemable by Parliament, and tranferrable at the Bank. That the feveral additional ftampduties granted by an act of the 12th of his late Majefty's reign, chap. 33. and continued by an act of the ninth of his prefent Majefty's reign, chap. 32. be revived, and granted to his Majefty, his heirs and fucceffors. 13. Several petitions from tanners, and others concerned in the leather trade, in the county of Gloucefter, and about Doncafler in Yorkshire; and of the company of tanners, in Southwark, Surry; and of feveral free-holders and inhabitants of the county of York, againft the bill for taking off the duty on pig and bar iron imported from the British plantations in America, were this day presented and referred to a Committee. Then the Commons paffed Wefiminfter-market bill. 14. This day his Majefty came to the Houfe of Peers, and gave the royal affent to the bills, as mentioned on Page 139, Vol. VI, and to fuch oare mentionthers as were ready, and ed to have paffed. 16. It was refolved, that a reafonable compenfation be given to the royal African Company, for their forts, caftles, lands, flaves, &c. and that fuch compenfation fhall be in the first place applied for the payment of their bona fide creditors. A bill for enlarging the ftreets and market-places in Gloucefter city paffed. [To be continued. 1 H 2 The The Neceffity and Advantage of good Education of YOUTH. Ingenuas didiciffe fideliter artes Emollit mores, nec finit effe feros. HE Almighty Creator of all things was pleafed, out of his infinite goodnefs and mercy, to endue man, his favourite creature, with natural faculties, in order to distinguish him from the reft of the animal creation. But that he has not difpenfed thefe his favours with an equal hand is obfervable, from the inequality of the parts and abilities of moft men. Yet, upon a narrow and ftrict enquiry, it will be found, that this difference amongst them proceeds from the different ufe and improvement of their faculties, which is chiefly owing to a proper education: For it is education that ripens and brings to perfection thofe feeds which nature fows; that enables men to discharge with honour the greatest posts in Church and State, and to render themselves confpicuous in the pursuit of virtue and knowledge: by which two pillars alone the whole fabric of true honour in this world, and folid happiness in the next, is fupported. As children are ftrangers, when they first make their appearance in the world, great care ought to be taken to watch over that weak and tender age; -to fore the yet empty cabinets of their minds with just notions of virtue, and with right ideas of things-to prevent them from being over-run with the deluding pleafures of fenfe-and to eradicate every vicious habit, which without proper culture will certainly take root and dwell there. How many virtues (to adopt the words of a learned writer of our own age) are choaked by the multitude of weeds which are fuffered to grow among them? How many excellent parts are often ftarved and ufelefs, by being planted in a wrong foil? And how feldom do thefe moral feeds produce the noble fruits which might be expected from them, by a neglect of proper manuring, neceffary pruning, and artful management of our tender inclinations and first spring of life. Thefe obvious fpeculations (continues my author) made me at length conclude, that there is a fort of vegetable principle in the mind of every man, when he comes into the world. In infants the feeds lie buried and undiscovered, till after a while they sprout forth in a kind of rational leaves, which are words; and in due feafon the flowers begin to appear in variety of beautiful colours, with all the gay pictures of youthful fancy and imagination; at last the fruit knits and is formed, which is green perhaps at first, and four, unpleafant to the tafte, and not fit to be gathered; till, ripened by due care and application, it discovers itself in all the noble productions of philofophy, mathematics, close reafoning, and handsome argumentation. And these fruits, when they arrive at juft maturity, and are of a good kind, afford the moft vigorous nourishment to the minds of men.-This fhews the neceffity as well as the advantages of the early care of youth. But as there are fo many errors committed, fo many blunders made in this important bnfinefs, I fhall entertain the readers with a detail of the most remarkable of them. In the first place I have frequently heard it objected, that the learning Lilly's grammar is ufelefs, as well as a difficult thing, and confequently fuch a grammar is not fit to be put into the hands of children. Tho' every one must allow that Lilly's grammar is far from being fo methodical as could be wifhed, yet it must be used till fome better one is compiled and established, which has not been yet. And I hope every one will allow again, that fuch a grammar, as Lilly's is, formed into a diftinct fyftem, and made up of the principles of a language, is eflential to it, and abfo lutely |