of Representatives, to be from three
highest candidates, 571. Death of,
and of vice-president, 572. Qualifi-
cations of, 573. Pay of, arguments in
favor of, 573; not to be increased nor
diminished during term of office, 574.
Forbidden to receive more than stat-
ed salary, 574. Council for, question
concerning, 574. May require opin-
ions of cabinet officers, 575. Alone
responsible for conduct of executive
department, 575. Powers of, 576; to
make war and peace, 577; over state
militia, 578; to pardon offences, 579;
to appoint officers, 581. "Executive
power" vested in, meaning of, 578.
Oath of, to execute laws, 578. Com-
mander-in-chief, 578. To prosecute
war, 579. Treaty-making power of,
579. To receive ambassadors, etc.,
580. Cannot create offices, 582. To
inform Congress of state of Union,
582. To recommend measures to Con-
gress, 582. May call extra sessions of
Congress, 582.
Congress, 583.
When may adjourn
PRINGLE, JOHN JULIUS, in favor of Con-
stitution, 636.
Prize-Courts, want of, under the Revo-
lutionary government, 50. Establish-
ment of, urged by Washington, 52.
Of Massachusetts, trials in, 52. Co-
lonial, appeals from, to Congress, 52.
Under Constitution, 526.
Property, urged as basis of representa-
tion, 407. As a qualification for office,
433, 444.
Proprietary Governments, form and char-
acter of, 2.
Protections, issued by Sir William Howe
in New Jersey, 73. Surrender of, re-
quired by Washington, 74.
Provincial Governments, form and char-
acter of, 2.
Public Lands.
See Western Territory,
Northwestern Territory, and Ordinance
of 1787.
Qualifications, of national officers, pro-
posals respecting, 433; landed, re-
jected, 433; property, an embarrass-
ing subject, 444. Of electors, 433,
439, 441. Of voter in Massachusetts,
434. Of members of Congress, 439.
Of citizenship, embarrassments re-
specting, 444; attempt to exempt
certain persons from rule respecting,
446, 448. Of senators, 458. Of vice-
president, 571. Of president, 573. Of
religious test, never to be required,
617.
Queen's County, Long Island, inhabitants
of, to be disarmed, 46.
Quorum, discussions in Convention re-
specting, 483.
Quotas, first apportionment of, among
the colonies, 21, 22. Of troops in 1776,
64. See Requisitions.
RAMSAY, Dr. DAVID, in favor of Consti-
tution, 636.
RANDOLPH, EDMUND, urges Washington
to attend the Convention, 246, 310.
Revolutionary services of, 310. Gov-
ernor of Virginia, 310. Course of, in the
Convention, 310. Reasons of, for sup-
porting the Constitution, 311. Gene-
alogy of, 314. Plan of government
proposed by, 333, 577. A member of
committee to apportion representa-
tives, 407. Objections of, to com-
pound ratio of representation, 409.
Proposition of, respecting census,
416; to strike out "wealth" from
rule of representation, 417. In favor of
confining equality of states in Senate
to certain cases, 418. Views of, respect-
ing money bills, 454. Resolution of,
respecting admission of new states,
538. Refused to sign Constitution,
why, 621, 665. Position of, respecting
Constitution, 633. Advocated adop-
tion of Constitution in Virginia con-
vention, 665.
RANDOLPH, PEYTON, president of first
Continental Congress, 8; of second
Continental Congress, 18. Death and
character of, 18.
Ratification of Constitution, as marking
character of government, 364. Differ-
ent theories respecting, 427. Mode
of, 555; resolutions respecting, 555;
purpose of, 555; an embarrassing
question, 617. By only part of
states, effect of, 619. Vote of states
respecting, 620, 639. Unanimous,
could not be required, 620. By nine
states sufficient, 621. Pageants in
honor of, 655. Public rejoicings in
Baltimore at, 657. By New Hamp-
shire, 677, 680. By Virginia, 680;
how finally effected, 681; form of,
682. Vitiated by condition, in Madi-Resolutions as referred to committee of
son's opinion, 686. Great struggle detail, 435.
over, in New York, 686. See the dif- Requisitions, provision for, under the
ferent states.
Records and Judicial Proceedings of
states, full faith to be given to, in
other states, 601. Proof and effect
of, 601.
READ, GEORGE, views of, respecting rule
of suffrage for House of Representa-
tives, 398.
Regulation of Commerce proposed by New
Jersey in 1778, 89, 90. Not provided
for by the Confederation, 89, 101. Ad-
vantages of, not perceived, 120. Or-
igin of, as a national power, 186.
Washington's views respecting, 224.
Popular meetings in Boston in favor
of, 226. Policy of Congress respect-
ing, in 1785-86, 227.
Representation, views of members of
Convention respecting, 325. In Con-
gress, different views respecting, 336;
difficulty in fixing ratio of, 340. As
affected by state interests, 340. Orig-
inal division between states respect-
ing, 344. Under Virginia and New
Jersey plans, 378. Great difficulty in
adjusting, 380.
Difficulty of fixing
different basis of, for two houses of
Congress, 397. Committee to adjust
whole system of, 405. Dr. Franklin's
proposal in Congress concerning, 406.
Ratio of, in House of Representatives,
406.
Of slaves, 408. Compound ra-
tio of, depending on numbers and
wealth, proposed, 409; objections to,
409; how to be applied, 412. By
numbers, as affected by slaves, 410,
502. And taxation to go together, 413.
System of, proposed by Constitution,
discussion on, in New York, 677.
Representatives, part of the Provincial
government, 2. In the charter gov-
ernments, how chosen, 3. Apportion-
ment of, objections to, 407; in first
House, how made, 408.
Representative Government familiar to the
American people, 81.
Reprisals authorized by the Continental
Congress, 22.
Republican Government guaranteed to
states, 426; by Constitution, 607.
Guarantee of, to states, object of, 610;
meaning of, in America, 611.
Confederation, 101. Of 1781, 105.
Made and not complied with, 116.
From 1782 to 1786, how treated, 120.
In 1784, 162, 163. In 1785, 163. In
1786, 163. Supply received from, in
1781-1786, 164; inadequacy of, de-
clared by Congress, 166. Effect of, on
the proposed revenue system, 164.
Revenue, report of committee of detail
respecting, 501. Power over, gener-
ally conceded to new government,
501. Different systems of, under Con-
federation, 514. Powers of govern-
ment, influence of, 515. Power, qual-
ifications of, proposed, 518. From
imports, easiest mode of paying ex-
penses of government, 648.
Revenues, of the Confederation, 101.
Numerous questions respecting, 494.
Collection of, by Congress, 520.
Revenue Bills, privilege of originating,
views of members of Convention re-
specting, 454; restricted to House of
Representatives, 455.
Revenue System of 1783, origin and pur-
pose of, 118. Modified by Congress,
120. Defeated by New York, 120.
Design of, 124. Effect of its proposal,
126. Character of, 152. Under con-
sideration in 1784, 162. How acted
on in 1786, 165. New appeal of Con-
gress on the subject of, 165, 166. Er-
ery state assents to, but New York,
166. Act of New York concerning, 166.
Hamilton's answer to the New York
objections to, 166. New York again
appealed to respecting, 167; refuses
to accede, 167. Action of New York
respecting, 231. Final appeal of Con-
gress for, 233. Rejected by New York,
233, 243. Address on, written by Mad-
ison, 283.
Revolution, right of, 613.
Revolutionary Congress, take up the Ar-
ticles of Confederation, 78. Govern-
ment of, breaking down, 79. Change
in the members of, after 1777, 87.
Leading members of, in 1777 and
1778, 87; in 1776, 88. Weakness of,
322. See Congress.
Revolutionary Government, defects of,
38.
Republican Liberty, nature of, 317, 318. Rhode Island, a charter government, 3.
How to be preserved, 319.
Resists the claim of the great states to
western lands, 91. Refuses to grant | Sectional Jealousy, causes and operation
imposts to Congress, 117, 283. Ham-
ilton's answer to, 118. Attempts to
pay its quotas in paper money, 163.
Not represented in Constitutional
Convention, 328, 429. Did not assent to
revenue system of 1783, 328. Admit-
ted to Union in 1790, 329. Interests of,
attended to by Convention, 330. Had
one representative in first House, 408.
Ratification of Constitution by, im-
probable, 429. Reason of, for not at-
tending Convention, 525. Took no
part in formation of Constitution, 620.
Opposition to Constitution in, pecul-
iarly intense, 693; causes of, 693.
Jealous of other communities, 693.
Principles of founders of, falsely ap-
plied, 693. Paper - money party in,
great power of, 694. Great antago-
nism in, between town and country,
694. Opponents of Constitution in,
ridiculed and scorned, 695. Great want
of enlightenment in, 695. Action of
General Assembly of, on Constitution,
696. People of, apparently nearly
unanimous against Constitution, 696.
Final prevalence of better counsels
in, 696. Present prosperity of, 696.
Attitude of, placed Union in new cri-
sis, 697.
SELMAN, captain in the Revolutionary
naval force, 51.
Rights. See Colonies.
ROBINSON, Mr., Speaker of Virginia
House of Burgesses, 32. Celebrated
compliment of, to Washington, 32.
ROUSSEAU, J. J., political discussions of,
alluded to, 255.
Rule of Apportionment, proposal to
change from land to numbers, 163.
RUTLEDGE, EDWARD, in favor of Con-
stitution, 636. Arguments of, in con-
vention of South Carolina, 660.
RUTLEDGE, JOHN, a member of commit-
tee to apportion representatives, 407.
Motion of, for assumption of state
debts, 519. In favor of Constitution,
636.
Seat of Government, action respecting,
434. None under Confederation, 487.
History of establishment of, 488.
Grave questions concerning location
of, 490. Impolicy of establishing at
New York or Philadelphia, 689. Em-
barrassments attending selection of,
Senate, reasons for present constitution
of, 339. Rule of suffrage in, 343. Nu-
merical representation in, favored at
first, 344. To hold office during “good
behavior" under Hamilton's plan, 375,
379, 384. Members of, chosen for six
years, 398, 469; qualifications of, 398,
457. Objects of, 400; how to be at-
tained, 401. Difficulty in fixing basis
of, 401. Mr. Baldwin's model of, 401.
Fortunately not founded on relative
wealth of states, 401. Votes of states
respecting, 403; representation in, 418.
Advantages of present constitution
of, 419. Members of, to be two
from each state, 432; to vote per
capita, 432; must have been citizens
nine years, 449, 458. Slight analogy
of, to House of Lords, 452. Equality
of votes in, by what states resisted,
453. Choice of president by, in cer-
tain events, proposed, 456, 564.
Scheme of, tending to oligarchy, 457.
May amend revenue bills, 457. Pow-
ers of, as at first proposed, 457. Num-
ber of members of, origin of, 458.
Method of voting in, origin of, 458.
Present mode of voting in, advan-
tages of, 460. Vacancies in, how
filled, 461. Primary purpose of, 462.
Disposition to accumulate power in,
462. Constitution of, great embar-
rassments respecting, 464. Separate
action of, difficult to determine, 464.
Consent of, to certain acts of presi-
dent, necessary, 465. Proposed choice
of president by, objections to, 465.
Only body fit to have revisionary
control over appointments, 468. Rati-
fication of treaties by, 468. Ultimate
choice of president taken from, 468.
Length of term in, 469. Biennial
change in, 469. To try impeach-
ments, 482. Quorum of, 483. Presi-
dent of, 484. May choose president
pro tempore, 484. Choice of vice-pres-
ident by, quorum for, 571; majority
necessary to, 571. Foreign relations
committed to, 576. Proposed appoint-
ment of ambassadors and judges by,
577. Treaty-making power of, 579.
May propose treaty to president, 581.
Certain controversies between states,
proposed to be tried by, 586. Equali-
ty of states in, guaranteed by Consti-
tution, 616.
Shays's Rebellion, causes of, 179. Prog-
ress of, 181, 182. How arrested, 182.
How acted upon in Congress, 182.
Effect of, upon the political state of
the country, 183. Abettors of, op-
posed to Constitution, 630.
SHERMAN, ROGER, one of the committee
to prepare Declaration of Indepen-
dence, 35. Opposed to tax on ex-
ports, 504.
Views of, respecting tax
on slaves, 510. Motion of, respecting
payment of old debts, 520.
Slavery, British government responsible
for the existence of, 61. Complex re-
lations of, 327. Regarded by South-
ern statesmen as an evil, 412. When
and how abolished in certain states,
500. Existed in what states at for-
mation of Constitution, 516. Facts
respecting, as influencing judgment
on Constitution, 516. A matter of
local concern, 516. State laws re-
specting abolition of, 516. In north-
western territory, proposals for ex-
cluding, 534. State of, in 1787, 602.
Principle of common law and law of
nations respecting, 602, 605. Proba-
ble duration of, 603. Exclusively a
matter of state jurisdiction, 603. Ex-
isted in colonies at very early period,
604. Depends wholly on municipal
law, 606. Fortunately left to state
control, 607, 608.
Slaves, as affecting ratio of representa-
tion, 325. Control of states over,
never meant to be surrendered, 325.
Necessarily regarded in forming Con-
stitution, 326. As affecting basis of
representation, 342. In fixing ratio
of representation, included as inhab-
itauts, 343. Three-fifths rule respect-
ing, whence derived, 343. In fixing
ratio of representation, how comput-
ed, 406; admission of, proper, 406.
Propriety of counting, as inhabitants,
in adjusting representation, 408. Rule
respecting, under Confederation, 408.
As affecting representation, votes re-
specting, 410. Social and political
condition of, anomalous, 411. Num-
ber and distribution of, 412, 420. An
important element in determining
rank of states, 412. As affecting rep-
resentation and taxation, 413. As
subjects of taxation, views of states-
men respecting, 414. Compromise re-
specting, how to be effected, 417.
Extradition of, Pinckney's proposi-
tion concerning, 435. Manumission
of, a matter of state control, 499.
Representation of, a concession by
North, why made, 502; Morris's mo-
tion respecting, 503; vote of New
Jersey respecting, 503. Specific tax
on importation of, 510. Word not
used in Constitution by design, 511.
Ratio of increase of, from 1790 to
1850, 513. Condition of, ameliorated
by Constitution, 517. Extradition of,
under Constitution, history of clause
respecting, 602; a necessary provision
of Constitution, 603; under New Eng-
land Confederation of 1643, 604; un-
der Ordinance of 1787, 604; impor-
tance of proper understanding of
clause respecting, 605; necessity and
propriety of clause, 607. See Federal
Census.
Slave-Trade, discountenanced by first
Continental Congress, 15. How dealt
with by the Constitution, 304.
ished in England, 305, 306. French
abolition of, 305. Danish abolition
of, 306. Compromise respecting, 306.
Legislation against, 307. Discussions
respecting, in England, 307. Proba-
ble encouragement of, 411; embar-
rassments respecting, 495. State ac-
tion respecting, 498. Necessity of
definite provision respecting, 498.
Duty of framers of Constitution re-
specting, 498. Had been abolished
by no nation in 1787, 498. A proper
subject for national action, 499.
pect of, political, 499; moral, 499.
Economical importance of, to South-
ern States, 500. Report of committee
of detail respecting, 501, 502. Grave
questions concerning, 505. Right to
continue, insisted on by what states,
506, 508. Prospective prohibition of,
provided for, 510. Concessions re-
specting, timely, 511. Vote of states
respecting, 511. Patriotic course of
both sections respecting, 511, 512. Ef-
fect of discontinuance of, on Southern
States, 513. State rights respecting,
before Constitution, 517. Tolerated
by European nations at formation of
Constitution, 517. Interdicted by
ten states before Constitution, 517.
Refusal of certain states to grant
power to suppress, immediately, 517.
Indefinite continuance of, had Consti-
tution not been formed, 517.
South Carolina, a provincial govern-
ment, 2. Constitution of, formed, 82.
Tender-law of, 171. Appoints and
instructs delegates to the Conven-
tion, 250. Opposed to equality of
suffrage in House of Representatives,
400; equal vote of states in Senate,
403, 407, 418, 453. Had five represen-
tatives in first House, 408. Opposed
to census of free inhabitants, 410; ex-
ecutive holding office during "good
behavior," 424. Vote of, respecting
citizenship as qualification for office,
448; money bills, 453, 454. Opposed
to each state having one vote in Sen-
ate, 460. In favor of states paying
members of Congress, 481. Refusal
of, to submit to tax on exports, 495,
497. Exports of, in one year, 497.
Position of, in Convention, respecting
slave-trade, 506, 508. Vote of, respect-
ing slave-trade, 511. Vote on Jeffer-
son's resolve concerning northwest-
ern territory, 536. Cession by, in
1787, 543.
Vote of, on suspension of
habeas corpus, 545. Condition of ac-
ceptance of Constitution by, 603. Mo-
tion for surrender of fugitive slaves
made by, in Constitutional Conven-
tion, 604. Vote of, respecting citi-
zenship clause in Constitution, 604.
Debate in legislature of, on Constitu-
tion, 636. Convention in, to vote on
Constitution, 636; importance of ac-
tion of, 657. Ratification of Consti-
tution by, 658; rejoicings at, 658;
importance of, 658. Delegates of,
responsibility assumed by, 658. A
great exporting state, 659. Hesi-
tation of, to concede power to reg-
ulate commerce, 659. Amendments
to Constitution proposed by, 660.
Eighth state to ratify Constitution,
661.
Southern States, views of, respecting reg-
ulation of commerce, 501.
Sovereignty, of the people, established
by the Revolution, 256; necessary
consequences of declaration of, 318.
Resides in the people, 337. Powers
of, may be exercised by different
agents, 556.
Spain claims the exclusive navigation
of the Mississippi, 210. See Missis-
sippi.
Speaker, of House of Representatives,
484.
Standing Armies, jealousy of, 55, 63.
States, interests and relations of, before
Constitution, 316. Devotion of, to
republican liberty, 317. Union of,
essential to republican liberty, 318.
Weakness of, without union, 319.
General purposes of, in calling Con-
stitutional Convention, 323. Position
of, in Convention, 330. Powers sur-
rendered by, to Confederation, 330.
Why represented in Congress, 338.
Diverse interests of, as affecting rep-
resentation, 340. Tendency of, to
encroach on federal authority, 345.
Proposed control over legislation of,
by Congress, 345. Population of, in
1790, table of, 348. Legislation of,
control of judicial department over,
355. Admission of, 358, 360, 381, 426,
532, 535, 539, 541. Cessions by, to
Union, 358. Republican government
guaranteed to, 361, 363, 426, 607.
Jealous of general government, 369.
Sovereignty of, how reconciled with
national sovereignty, 369. Plan to
abolish, 370. To make partial sur-
render of power under Virginia plan,
372. Sovereignty of, preserved under
New Jersey plan, 372. Conflicts of,
with nation, probable, under Virginia
plan, 376, 377. Struggle between
large and smaller, respecting repre-
sentation, 378. Proposed equaliza-
tion of, 380. Populations of, at for-
mation of Constitution, 386. Relative
rank of, at formation of Constitution,
386. Conflict among, as to national
and federal systems, 387. Danger
of annihilation of sovereignty of, by
national government, 394. Dauger
of alliances of, with foreign powers,
399. Preservation of, in Congress,
conceded to be necessary, 401. Di-
vided respecting constitution of Sen-
ate, 403. Jealousy among, 409. West-
ern, views of members respecting, 409.
Slave and free, index of wealth of, 414.
Wealth of, not measured by land, 415.
Position of, in Convention, respecting
slaves, 416, 417. Wealth of, for pur-
pose of taxation, determined by in-
habitants, 417. Smaller, concession
to, in constitution of Senate, 419.
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