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Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), That there be printed for the use of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations two thousand five hundred additional copies of each part of its hearings entitled "Panama Canal Treaties".

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CONTENTS

Hearing days witnesses:

Monday, September 26, 1977: Hon. Cyrus Vance, Hon. Ellsworth
Bunker, Hon. Sol Linowitz___

Page

1

Tuesday, September 27, 1977: Hon. Harold Brown, Gen. George S.
Brown, Adm. Robert L. J. Long, Lt. Gen. D. P. McAuliffe..

Thursday, September 29, 1977: Hon. Griffin B. Bell, Hon. Herbert J.

Hansell, Hon. Clifford L. Alexander, Jr., Hon. Harold R. Parfitt,

Hon. William J. Jorden_-_.

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Friday, September 30, 1977: Hon. Brock Adams, Hon. Richard N.
Cooper, Hon. Anthony Solomon, Hon. Howard F. Casey-
Wednesday, October 19, 1977: Hon. Ellsworth Bunker, Hon. Sol Lino-
witz

269

Brown, Gen. George S., Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff_
Brown, Hon. Harold, Secretary of Defense_.

198

98

95

19, 454

McAuliffe, Lt. Gen. D. P., commander in chief, U.S. Southern Com-
mand

102

Parfitt, Hon. H. R., Governor of the Canal Zone_-_.

273

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List of treaties transferring territory or property belonging to the
United States without authorization by act of Congress__

Letter to Hon. Daniel K. Inouye, chairman, Committee on Intelligence,

from Hon. John Sparkman, chairman, Committee on Foreign Rela-

tions dated September 22, 1977-----

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Insertions for the record-Continued

Arms shipment's access to canal during undeclared war_

Statutes to be affected by the Panama Canal Treaty and implementing legislation

"Foreign Relations Committee Announces Hearings on Panama Canal
Pacts," media notice_-_

"Foreign Relations Committee Announces Further Hearings on
Panama Canal Pacts," statement by Senator John Sparkman, Chair-
man, Senate Foreign Relations Committee, on the Floor of the
Senate, September 22, 1977______
State Department answers to additional questions of Senator Case_-_.
"The Panama Canal: Sovereignty and Security," article by Hanson
Baldwin, from the American Enterprise Institute Defense Review__
"The United States and Panama: Confrontation or Cooperation?,"
article by Abraham F. Lowenthal, from the AEI Defense Review____
U.S. Government use of Panama Canal before, during and after
Vietnam war__

U.S. Rights under the 1903 treaty to construct a sea-level canal or add
a third lane of locks within the present Canal Zone‒‒‒‒
Letter to Senator Dick Clark from Robert J. McCloskey, Assistant
Secretary of State for Congressional Relations, dated June 30, 1976,
and attached responses to questions regarding defense of the canal__
Past incidents regarded as threats to canal___.

Letter to Hon. Cyrus R. Vance, Secretary of State, from Hon. Griffin
B. Bell, Attorney General, dated August 11, 1977, concerning disposal
of U.S. property by treaty---.

Prepared statement of Attorney General Griffin B. Bell_.

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Comparison of present treaties with Hay-Pauncefote treaty and 1903 treaty

217

Insuring continuation of tropical rain forest_.
Prisoner exchange negotiations with Panama..
Other agreements affected by treaty.

228

233

247

Letter from the office of Senator Percy to Hon. Herbert Hansell, Legal
Adviser, Department of State, dated October 6, 1977, enclosing ques-
tions for the record_----

Letter to Hon. John Sparkman, Chairman, U.S. Senate, from Douglas
J. Bennet, Jr., Assistant Secretary of State for Congressional Rela-
tions, dated November 1, 1977, enclosing Mr. Hansell's responses to
Senator Percy's questions‒‒‒‒

Due process guarantees to U.S. citizens in Panama..
Display of American flag under treaty provisions_.
Memorandum from John Hopkins, Ph.D., University of California,
Santa Barbara, to Senator Claiborne Pell, dated September 9, 1977,
regarding the tropical forests of the Panama Canal Zone___.
Biography of Hon. Harold R. Parfitt, Governor of the Canal Zone__
Freedom House human rights ratings_.

Human rights under Torrijos government..

Panama Canal Company employees receiving retirement-
Number of full-time employees by age (as of Oct. 5, 1977).
U.S. property which will be transferred to Panama__
Letter to Hon. Griffin Bell, Attorney General, from Senator Howard
H. Baker, Jr., dated October 7, 1977, enclosing additional questions__
Letter to Hon. Griffin Bell, Attorney General, from Senator Charles H.
Percy, dated October 7, 1977, enclosing additional questions-----
Letter to Hon. John J. Sparkman, chairman, Committee on Foreign
Relations, from Hon. Griffin B. Bell, Attorney General, dated No-
vember 1, 1977---

249

250

256

264

265

272

293

296

303

314

321

327

328

329

Letter to Hon. William J. Jorden, U.S. Ambassador to Panama from
the office of Senator Charles Percy, dated October 6, 1977, enclosing
additional questions

333

Letter to Senator Howard H. Baker from Douglas J. Bennet, Jr.,
Assistant Secretary of State for Congressional Affairs, dated Oc-
tober 28, 1977----

334

Letter to Senator Howard H. Baker from Herbert J. Hansell, Legal
Adviser, Department of State, dated October 31, 1977----.
U.S. oceanborne cargo transiting Panama Canal_-_

334

340

Insertions for the record-Continued

Page

Petroleum and petroleum products trade routes--

U.S. intercoastal trade and exports and imports----

342

343

Prepared statement of Hon. Brock Adams and attachments----
Letter to Senator Charles H. Percy from Anthony M. Solomon, Under
Secretary of the Treasury for Monetary Affairs, dated October 18,
1977, enclosing responses to additional questions--
Letter to Senator Charles H. Percy from Richard N. Cooper, Under
Secretary of State for Economic Affairs, dated October 28, 1977,
enclosing responses to additional questions___
"Panama Canal Toll Rates: Estimates of Maximum Revenues," study
prepared by Panama Canal Company, January, 1975‒‒‒‒‒
Questions of Senator Javits for Mr. Salomon and Mr. Cooper respect-
ing labor matters under proposed Panama Canal Treaty---
Answers to questions of Senator Javits for Mr. Solomon and Mr.
Cooper

352

382

384

402

434

435

Increase in transit cost for food and feed grains

440

Percentage of international trade transiting the Panama Canal, by country, 1973

447

Transporting costs of corn, wheat and soy beans from Des Moines,
Iowa, to Japan-----

451

Senator Percy's additional questions of Secretary Adams_.
Statement of Understanding----

452

454

Cable to Secretary of State, Washington, D.C. from American Em

456

478

bassy, Panama, dated October 18, 1977, regarding Escobar October 18 press conference on Panama Canal__ Publication of clarification in Panama_

"Treaties Foes Emerge in Panama with Rare Freedom of Expression,"
article by Gilbert A. Lewthwaite, The Baltimore Sun, October 19,
1977 ___.

Letter to Hon. John J. Sparkman, Chairman, Committee on Foreign
Relations, from Warren Christopher, Acting Secretary of State,
dated October 5, 1977, concerning Administration explanation of
Canal treaties

Letter to Hon. John J. Sparkman from Douglas J. Bennett, Jr., Assist-
ant Secretary of State for Congressional Relations, dated October 5,
1977, concerning Senator Dole's proposed amendments and reserva-
tions

487

488

488

Letter to President Carter from the Atlantic-Pacific Interocean Canal
Study Commission, dated December 1, 1970-----

495

Appendix:

Text of treaties relating to the Panama Canal and documents asociated
with the treaties___

497

A Collection of Major Statements on the Question of U.S. Sovereignty
in the Panama Canal Zone, compiled by the Congressional Reference
Service of the Library of Congress_.

571

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