a child's life last summer. Fourteen hundred pupils, ranging from the kindergarten to seniors who will pass examinations for McGill University, were assembled. The pupils were talking to one another in wellmodulated voices, sitting easily and comfortably in their seats. Teachers were in groups through the room. The principal -officially, the Rector-went on the platform, raised his hand, and at once every child was in order and silent. He gave some directions, left the platform, and immediately the buzz of conversation was resumed. The assistant master secured the same effect in the same way just before the titled visitor, with the Rector and the Board, entered, walking two and two. They were greeted by waving flags and cheers, which, at the first note from the piano, changed to "God Save the Queen," beautifully sung in parts. During a speech of over half an hour those fourteen hundred pupils, large and small, were perfectly quiet, although the voice of the speaker was not audible half-way down the room. During recess the teachers moved among the children in the playgrounds with perfect control, but without seeming to exercise it. The playing, even in the schools of the poorest neighborhood, never reached the point of roughness, nor approached it.

For

The question of religion in the public schools is always one that arouses feeling. The division of the schools under two Boards necessarily reduces this discussion in Montreal. As a matter of fact, the children of the kindergarten must commit to memory the Lord's Prayer, Psalm xxiii., 1 Kings iii., part of verses 7-9. This is for September and October. November, Psalm c., 4, Acts xx., 35, 2 Corinthians ix., 15. For December, Luke ii., 8-16; January, Hebrews xiii., 8; Easter, 1 Corinthians xv., 20, John xi., 25; the balance of the year, Song of Solomon ii., 15, Proverbs xxv., 11, iv., 55, XXX., 24-28, Song of Solomon ii., 11, 12, in the order given. Under the head of Memory Selection for the several forms, the first year the work required is the Lord's Prayer, the Beatitudes, Psalm xxiii., "God Save the Queen," ," "The Red, White, and Blue," "Hurrah, Hurrah for Canada;" the fourth year, the Ten Commandments, Mark xv., Lead, Kindly Light," "Psalm of Life," "The Brook," "The Brook,"

66

"The Valley Brook," "The Village Blacksmith," "The Song of Our Fathers," "The Slave's Dream." As the pupils advance the required memory work increases, with the constant return to the first requirements in addition, evidently for the pupils who do not enter the lower forms. Only Protestant pupils are required to attend Biblical instruction, by direction of the Board.

Two things must be said of the children of Montreal. They are orderly and courteous everywhere; they are reverent in the churches, taking part in the services even when unaccompanied by adults. The little children turn readily to the lessons read, and find the text. It seems almost certain that what is designated as Scripture and Morals in the curriculum of the schools contributes to this happy effect.

There are class libraries and a general school library in the schools. The assembly-rooms are furnished with seats, without desks, arranged in a semicircle, and are provided with opaque shades and a large lantern for use in illustrating lectures. In many of these rooms are tablets erected to the memory of teachers.

In the high school the male teachers wear their scholar's gowns and caps, with hoods giving their degrees. The connection with McGill University is very close; the examiners are the appointed professors from the University. The graduating age from the high school is seventeen years.

The requirements for teachers in Montreal are severe, and the salaries are very low. This latter fact the Board deplores, but points out that the other requirements of the schools force this unhappy result, which will cease as soon as the finances of the Board allow. There is little to criticise in the public schools of Montreal, but much to arouse deep admiration and enthusiasm, much that might be imitated elsewhere.

There can be no kind of suffering, mental or physical, that may not find asylum in Montreal. Hundreds of men and women in that city live to serve the unfortunate, to teach, to pray with and for their fellow-men. This fact is thrust constantly on the attention. The institutions are for the most part under the supervision and control of the Roman Catholic Church. Many of these institutions date back to

the very earliest days in the history of Canada; some of them are corporations of great wealth. The Protestants, in proportion to their numbers in the community, are equally active. The most modern organizations exist under their supervision, established by their generosity. The buildings of the Young Men's and the Young Women's Christian Associations are impressive. In both the work peculiar to these associations is actively carried forward. The Young Women's Christian Association does an energetic work for children, supports a day nursery and a kindergarten in a needy section, a temporary home for girls out of employment, and for convalescents, as well as a boarding department in its handsome building.

The alumnæ of McGill University, in the midst of a factory and working population district, maintain a most interesting working-girls' club and lunch-room. Three members of the alumnæ are present each day from twelve to two, attending to the business and social affairs of the lunch-room. A good luncheon is served at a cost of eleven cents, and the lunch-room is self-supporting. A cup of tea costs two cents, and the buyer may bring her own luncheon. The rooms in the upper part of the building are rented to working-girls who make this house their home. For these breakfast and dinner are served. This part of the work is also self-supporting, the low rentals making this possible. Protestant churches

carry on in the community the work that is now recognized as a privilege of the church for the six working days of the week, as well as the activities of the seventh.

When contrasted with the conditions under which wage-earners live in other cities, Montreal becomes very attractive. It is meeting conditions peculiar to its own people.

The men and women of Montreal, who are aiming to meet the rapidly changing conditions wisely, are studying all the facts relating to the housing and the industrial problems. Every agency that has been successful elsewhere is tried, and, if it bears the change of adoption, retained; new methods to meet the local problems peculiar to the city have been evolved.

Social life is on a scale that prevents its being burdensome; the people are hospitable in the higher use of the word.

The charm of the city is largely due to the spreading out over large areas of the population living on limited incomes. This prevents the congestion of people, that separation of wealth and poverty which is the greatest danger in a municipality. Class interest is not the political interest in any given section of Montreal. The separation is that of language, not class; while the strong, deep religious life of the people must always save the city from the worst of the present-day problems which are a part of municipal life to-day elsewhere.

Alternate Fourth Reader (An). By Stickney. Illustrated. Ginn & Co., Boston. 484x7% in. 374 pages. 60c.

America's Story for America's Children. By Mara L. Pratt. Illustrated. D. C. Heath & Co., Boston. 5 vols. Vol. II. 5×74 in. 152 pages. 40c. American Engineer in China (An). By William Barclay Parsons. Illustrated. McClure, Phillips & Co., New York. 5x734 in. 321 pages.

In the valuable books by Mr. Walton and Lord Charles Beresford, industrial China has been described from the British standpoint; in the present volume it is described from the American standpoint. Nor are these standpoints materially different. In all three books

the treatment of the subject is incisive and clear-cut. A particular merit of Mr. Parsons's lies in its description of Hunan, the least known of Chinese provinces, and especially of Changsha, the one large city in China hitherto closed to foreigners. Under retainer from an American syndicate to survey an extensive railway enterprise, Mr. Parsons recently spent many months in China, and the illustrations, from photographs which were taken on his expedition, add greatly to the account of society, commerce, and industry as these exist in the interior of the Empire. Though Mr. Parsons leaves the general subject of politics to be dealt with by others, he concludes that there

is no such thing in China as a government, according to our understanding of the term. America, Picturesque and Descriptive.

By

Joel Cook. Illustrated. Henry T. Coates & Co.,
Philadelphia. 3 vols. 5x8 in. $7.50.

A book made on this plan might very easily have proved weak, if not positively worthless, by over-indulgence in poetic description, fine language, and merely pretty pictures. The more closely these three volumes are examined, however, the clearer does it become that they have been prepared by a man of trained intellect, who has carried out a distinct purpose with judgment, proportion, and literary reticence. The half-tone pictures present precisely those things which should be brought to the eye in such a work, and are well printed. The descriptions are thorough, not at all encyclopædic in style, and quite free from excessive expression and vague enthusiasm. One by one the author takes up the most interesting localities of the country, and tells us simply and picturesquely what it is about each that demands attention. Places of historic importance, regions famous for beauty of scenery and natural features, great public monuments, and much else, are included in the survey. We can cordially commend the book as covering ground not exactly occupied by any other publication.

Anatomy of a Railroad Report and Ton-Mile Cost. By Thomas F. Woodlock. S. A. Nelson, New York. 434X7 in. 121 pages. $1.

Andrew Jackson. By William Garrott Brown. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston. 44x64 in. 156 pages. 75c.

Mr. Brown's biography of Jackson sets a high standard for the Riverside series of which it forms the initial volume. Rarely is a life written with so much spirit without loss of the judicial quality, and still more rarely is the life of a statesman written without betraying more of a partisan spirit. The reader feels that it is the real Jackson who is portrayed, and comes to understand why this man was both so intensely loved and so intensely hated by his partisan contemporaries. Another distinguishing quality of this little volume is that it is so written as to be as interesting to a boy of fifteen as to a man of fifty. Mr. Brown has certainly done his work admirably. Audubon Calendar for 1901. The Taber-Prang Art Co., Springfield, Mass. 9×121⁄2 in. The color-printing of birds' plumage in this calendar is a fine specimen of this kind of art. Aztec God (The), and Other Dramas. By George Lansing Raymond. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York. 42X64 in. 447 pages. $1.25. Barnes's Natural Slant Penmanship. Books A and B. Price per dozen, 60c. Books Nos. 1 to 6, inclusive, price per dozen, 75c. The American Book Co., New York.

Benjamin Franklin. By Paul Elmer More.

(The Riverside Biographical Series, No. 3.) Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston. 44X634 in. 139 pages. 75c.

A model biography by a trained and accomplished writer, admirable in its perspective, interesting in style, sympathetic but discriminating and just, presenting a consistent view of Franklin, and bringing out very clearly the

type of his character and the quality and number of his services to the public.

Bible in Spain (The). By George Borrow. With Notes and Glossary of Ulick Ralph Burke, M.A. Illustrated. New One Vol. Edition. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York. 54x8 in. 833 pages. $2. A new edition in one volume, with notes and

glossary by U. R. Burke, and with etchings, photogravure, and map; being the second volume in the new edition of Borrow's works to be completed in four volumes, cf which an extended notice will soon appear in The Outlook.

Bockers and His Chum Peggy. By Margaret

Compton. Illustrated. The Penn Publishing Co.,
Philadelphia. 54X74 in. 218 pages.

Boer Boy (The) of the Transvaal. From the
German of August Niemann. By Kate Milner Rabb.
Illustrated. The Penn Publishing Co., Philadelphia.
5x71⁄2 in. 348 pages.

Interesting as giving a German view of South African conditions as well as a spirited story of boy life.

Boxing. By J. C. Trotter. Illustrated. The Penn Publishing Co., Philadelphia. 4x5 in. 139 pages.

Bunch of Forget-Me-Nots (A). By Frances F. Penny. The Neely Co., New York. 5x71⁄2 in. 66 pages.

Card Tricks. By Ellis Stanyon.

Illustrated. The Penn Publishing Co., Philadelphia. 4×5 in. 129 pages.

Carlyle Year-Book: Selections from Thomas Carlyle for Every Day in the Year. Compiled and Edited by Ann Bachelor. James H. Earle, Boston. 5x7 in. 156 pages. 75c.

Christmas Numbers of English Illustrated Weekly Papers: Holly Leaves; The Sketch; The Illustrated London News; The Gentlewoman; Pears' Annual; Figaro Illustré (English Edition); The Graphic. The International News Co., New York.

Christmas Story from David Harum (The). By Edward Noyes Westcott. Illustrated. D. Appleton & Co., New York. (William H. Crane Edition.) 4X7 in. 107 pages. 75c.

Civilization of the East (The). By Dr. Fritz Hommel. Translated by J. H. Loewe. The Macmillan Co., New York. (The Temple Primers.) 4x6 in. 40c.

A very convenient digest of all the learning on this subject that has been so marvelously increased by modern researches. Professor Hommel, we observe, does not agree with those who regard Joseph as a mythical char

acter.

Classical Dictionary (A). Edited by Edward S. Ellis, A.M. The Penn Publishing Co., Philadelphia. 4x6 in. 208 pages.

Conundrums, Riddles, and Puzzles. By Dean Rivers. The Penn Publishing Co., Philadelphia. 42x6 in. 155 pages.

Countess of the Tenements (The). By Etheldred Breeze Barry. Illustrated. Dana Estes & Co., Boston. 5x7 in. 98 pages. 50c.

Daddy Long Legs Fun Songs. Rhymes by James O'Dea. Tunes by Alfred Solman. Pictures by Edgar Keller. M. Witmark & Sons, New York. 9x124 in. 66 pages.

Day's Song (A). By John Stuart Thomson.

William Briggs, Toronto. 4×7 in. 124 pages. $1. Mr. Stuart Thomson strikes only occasionally what seems a forced note; in general he speaks to us in rather impressive tones. In both the matter and manner of his verse there is at

times even a suggestion of a Keats-like fancy -at all events, of a sensuousness at once delicate and lofty-and of an enviable lyrical facility. Again, no less a master than Wordsworth is suggested by the simplest and most harmonious lines from one who clearly lives close to nature's heart.

Earning Her Way to College. By Mrs. Clarke Johnson. Illustrated. The Penn Publishing Co., Philadelphia. 5x7% in. 373 pages.

Elements of Astronomy (The). By Simon Newcomb, Ph.D., LL.D. The American Book Co., New York. 5x7% in. 236 pages. $1. Professor Newcomb has prepared this book primarily for the purpose of having it used as a text-book. It will also be found of value to the lay reader who wishes to get in compact form an introductory and well-illustrated treatise on astronomy.

Elements of English Grammar. By George P.

Brown. Assisted by Charles De Garmo. The Werner School Book Co., New York. 5×71⁄2 in. 255 pages.

English Sentence (The). By Lillian G. Kimball. The American Book Co., New York. 5×72 in. 244 pages. 75c.

It is in the study of the sentence that the study of grammar becomes most fruitful. Accordingly, this book introduces pupils in high and normal schools to the advanced stage for which their previous studies have prepared them. It will prove helpful to such in the hands of good teachers. Among its merits is the high ethical character of many of its selections from literature for the purpose of analysis. To some technical points exception may be taken. Under "causal clauses," for instance, we should bring final clauses expressing purpose, here said to be

the reverse of causal clauses." But a true final clause is expressive of the final cause, and quite as much entitled to a place among causal clauses as those which express the physical or the logical cause. We strongly object to saying that the discipline of the mind is the most important purpose of grammar study. This view has resulted in practical harm. The most important thing is what the author ranks as last, viz., the facilitation of the correct expression of thought. Mental discipline, of course, is thus gained.

English Utilitarians (The). By Leslie Stephen.
G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York. 3 vols. 512x9 in.
$10.
Reserved for later notice.

Exiled to Siberia. By William Murray Graydon. Illustrated. The Penn Publishing Co., Philadelphia. 5X72 in. 333 pages.

Expansion of Russia (The). By Alfred Ram

baud. The International Monthly, Burlington, Vt. 5x74 in. 95 pages. $1.

As M. Rambaud's "Histoire de Russie," crowned by the French Academy in 1883, has been regarded as perhaps the most authoritative history of Russia, a new work by the distinguished writer should find wide welcome. The welcome may be all the wider since the book is a small one; it is the reprint of an essay written for the "International Monthly" and published in recent issues of that journal. The essay reviews Russian history from the

beginning to the present time, and is a wellcondensed account. It will be of moment, not only to the general reader, but also to the student of politics and history, because of its discussion of Russian expansion since 1883 in the direction of the Pacific and of the Persian Gulf, and also because of the author's clever differentiation of Russia from Great Britainher greatest rival in Asia-in origin, constitution, and assimilative power.

Fact and Fable in Psychology. By Joseph Jastrow. Houghton, Mittlin & Co., Boston. 5x84 in. 375 pages. $2.

Falaise The Town of the Conqueror. By Anna Bowman Dodd. Illustrated. Little, Brown & Co., Boston. 5x711⁄2 in. 280 pages. $2.

To the student of history, this book has merit. The author recounts the story and describes the present life of a small town

lying, apart from the highroads of tourist

travel," a town which has been of large influence in the life of France and England. The greatest distinction of Falaise is that it was the home of William the Conqueror, but, as our author shows, for several centuries it was also the theater of particular political and religious battling. French and English arms, Roman Catholicism and Protestantism, strove for the supremacy; indeed, as she reminds us, from the days when the Romans made a province out of what we know as Normandy down to Bonaparte's time, there has been no century when Falaise has not contributed some notable chapter to French history. The book as a whole belongs to a class of which we could hardly have too many; we wish that the author would write the story of the past and describe the modern aspect of other littleknown but worth-while towns.

Famous American Belles of the Nineteenth Century. By Virginia Tatnall Peacock. Illustrated. The J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia. 51×84 in. 297 pages.

There is a certain ad captandum design in all such books, and they are not to be classed with historic literature in a high sense. The interest in the social aspects of colonial times has grown within recent years to such an extent that anything which reproduces the society and pictures the personality of figures of prominence in early days has an interest and value of its own. These sketches are, as a rule, written with a fair degree of piquancy. The frontispiece is a pleasing reproduction in color from a miniature, and there are many portraits of beautiful American women. It should be added that the scope of the volume includes not only the belles of colonial time, but comes down to our day; there are sketches, for instance, of Kate Chase (Mrs. Sprague), Jenny Jerome (Lady Churchill), Mary Leiter (Baroness Curzon), and two or three other women who have been prominently before the public within the last few years.

Fortune and Men's Eyes. By Josephine Preston Peabody. Small, Maynard & Co., Boston. 434x7 in. 112 pages. $1.50,

A slender volume containing a play which gives the book its name. The play is laid in the year 1599, and includes among its characters Shakespeare, and his friend William

Herbert; and, although somewhat too ambitious in its scope and not wholly successful, does not lack vigor and freshness. There is also a series of short poems, lyrical in quality and unhackneyed both in feeling and expression.

Folklore Stories and Proverbs. Gathered and Paraphrased for Little Children. By Sara E. Wiltse. Illustrated. Ginn & Co., Boston. 5×72 in. 81 pages.

From Mayflowers to Mistletoe. By Sarah J. Day. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York. 4×7 in. 95 pages. $1.

In charming verse this volume describes a year with the flower-folk. As the title indicates, the author starts with Mayflowers and hepatica and wake-robin; she closes with holly and mistletoe and everlasting. Between the covers of this little book there is a deal of flower-lore for flower-lovers-and who is not a flowerlover? The best of all this poetry is that it is real poetry-simple, spontaneous, sympathetic. Despite the nearly hundred flowers described, one feels that there is no forced description; each flower has had its particular suggestion to the poet's heart, and has, through it, to the reader's.

Golden Legend (The). As Englished by William Caxton. Vol. VII. The Macmillan Co., New York. (The Temple Classics. Edited by F.S. Ellis.) 4x6 in. 291 pages. 50c.

Golf. By Horace Hutchinson. The Penn

Publishing Co., Philadelphia. 42x6 in. 179 pages. His Lordship's Puppy. By Theodora C. Elmslie. Illustrated. The Penn Publishing Co., Philadelphia. 54×74 in. 205 pages.

History of the Christian Religion to the Year Two Hundred. By Charles B. Waite, A.M. (Fifth Edition. Revised.) C. V. Waite & Co., Chicago. 6x9 in 556 pages. $2.25.

This work professes the laudable design of combating superstition and diffusing truth. The author is a trained lawyer, and has been a judge in Utah. In entire sympathy with his purpose to get at the facts, we cannot regard him as successful. The title of his book is a misnomer. It is in no sense of the word a history of "The Christian Religion." The bulk of it is a history of the Christian writings, canonical and others, with chapters on Mira cles, the origin and history of Christian Doctrines, the Roman Catholic Hierarchy, etc. All these are related to but they are not the Christian Religion. In respect to the facts alleged, Judge Waite is equally wide of the mark. No translation of the Gospels was made, he says, "earlier than the third century." But Tatian's "Diatessaron," a harmony of the Gospels, and the Sinaitic Syriac Version recently published by Mrs. Lewis, its discoverer, are referred by scholars free from all orthodox bias to A.D. 160-170. Judge Waite fixes the composition of our four Gospels and the Acts within the decade A.D. 170-180, more than half a century later than the date now assigned to the latest of them by scholars without distinction of theological party. The case, as it goes to the jury of readers, is that of a layman versus the specialists. While a legendary element must be recognized in the Gospels, Judge Waite is at variance with sober criticism in holding all the mighty works of Jesus to be

the work of myth-makers four generations afterward. The historian Keim, than whom few critics are further from theological orthodoxy, writes: "The picture of Jesus, the worker of miracles, belongs to the first believers in Christ, and is no invention." History of the People of the Netherlands. By Petrus Johannes Blok. Part III. Translated by Ruth Putnam. With Maps. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York. 5x9 in. 539 pages. $2.50. The third volume of this discriminating and illuminating work covers the heroic period of Dutch history-the long war with Spain. Even this volume, however, is far from being a military history, and it rightly gives more attention to the religious struggles which were the cause of the enduring revolt, and the intellectual awakening which was its consequence, than to the strategic movements by which political liberty was won.

History of Colonization (The). By Henry C. Morris. The Macmillan Co., New York. 2 vols. 52×8 in. $4.

A piece of work much more comprehensive than thorough. It covers colonial experiments of every description from remote antiquity to the present time, but its breadth of view is not supplemented by depth. Nevertheless, its encyclopædic character, rendered serviceable by an index, and its exceptional timeliness, make it one of the most instructive books of the season, though not one of the most quickening.

History of Don Quixote of the Mancha (The). By Miguel de Cervantes. Translated by Thomas Shelton. The Macmillan Co., New York. 3 vols. 52x9 in. $1.50 each.

Huit Contes Choisis. By Guy de Maupassant. Selected and Edited by Elizabeth M. White. D. C. Heath & Co., Boston. 44x61⁄2 in. 94 pages. 25c.

Ideal Drills. Arranged by Marguerite W. Morton. The Penn Publishing Co., Philadelphia. 42X7 in. 180 pages. Paper bound, 30c.

Ivanhoe. By Sir Walter Scott. Illustrated by C. E. & H. M. Brock. (The Temple Classics for Young People.) The Macmillan Co., New York. Vols. 1. and II. 4x6 in. 50c. each.

James B. Eads. By Louis How.

(The

Riverside Biographical Series, No. 2.) Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston. 414x634 in. 120 pages. 75c. Not so well written as Mr. Brown's "Life of Jackson" in the same series of Riverside Biographies, but none the less an extremely interesting book. The author knows a good story when he sees it, and the life of Captain Eads was full of them. In the matter of popularizing science, few things could be simpler than the jetty system by which this daring experimenter opened the Mississippi to the world's commerce, a few years after his gunboats had opened it to the Nation's troops. The description of Captain Eads's project for a ship railway across Tehuantepec revives our regret that the projector is not now alive to urge his substitute for the isthmian canal projects now causing international entangle

ments.

Lady of the Lily Feet (The) and Other Stories

of Chinatown. By Helen F. Clark. Illustrated. The Griffith & Rowland Press, Philadelphia. 4371 in. 125 pages.