On the 30th of June, 1860, Mr. VALLANDIGHAM returned home from Congress, and again addressed the people in front of the Court-House. The following is an extract from the speech :

There are now two extreme sectional parties. Six years ago the Abolition sentiments of the free States culminated in the Republican organization. In the course of time it has brought forth its inevitable fruit, in the organization, especially in the Gulf or Cotton States, of an extreme Southern or pro-slavery party, the offspring, but the very antipode of the Republican party. If either of these is suffered to prevail, the Union is at an end. Even now it is in peril from mere conflict between them. But the death of the parent will be the death of the child. Kill the Northern and Western anti-slavery organization, the Republican party, and the extreme Southern pro-slavery, "fire-eating" organization of the Cotton States, will expire in three months. Continue the Republican party-above all, put it in power, and the antagonism will grow till the whole South will become a unit. It is our mission here in Ohio, as one of the free States, to conquer and crush out Northern and Western sectionalism, as this is the especial enemy in our midst.

On the 1st of August, 1860, Mr. VALLANDIGHAM addressed the Democracy of Detroit, Michigan. The following is an extract:

For twenty years the country has been agitated by this subject of slavery. Men of the North and West have been taught to hate the men of the South, and Southerners have been taught to hate the men of the North and West. This Northern sectionalism and fanaticism has been approaching nearer and nearer to Mason and Dixon's line, while the Southern fanaticism, starting in the Cotton States, has been creeping northwardly, until the two factions have nearly met. What will be the inevitable result of the conflict that must ensue? They must meet, if the floods of fanaticism be not checked. When they meet on the plains of southern Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio, how long, in God's name, can the country endure? Human nature has been misread from the time of Cain to this day, if blood, blood, human blood is not the result. But, thank God, between the two sections there is a band of national men, patriots, who love their country more than sectionalism, ready to stay this conflict. Our mission is to drive this sectionalism of the North back to Canada, whence it sprung; and that of the South back to the Gulf of Mexico.

No. XII. AFTER THE ELECTION OF 1860.-On the 10th of November, 1860, four days after the Presidential election, Mr. VALLANDIGHAM published the card in reply to an attack by a Republican paper, which see on page 91.

On the 22d of December, 1860, at a serenade in Washington, at which the Hon. JOHN J. CRITTENDEN spoke also,-given to Senator PUGH, of Ohio, for his noble anti-coercion and compromise speech in the Senate-Mr. VALLANDIGHAM, among other similar things, said:

To-night you are here to indorse the great policy of conciliation, not force; peace, not civil war. The desire nearest the heart of every patriot, in this crisis, is the preservation of the Union of these States, as our fathers made it. (Applause.) But the Union can be preserved only by maintaining the Constitution and the constitutional rights, and above all, the perfect equality of every State and every section of this Confederacy. (Cheers.) That Constitution was made in peace; it has, for now more than seventy years, been preserved by the policy of peace at home, and it can alone be maintained for our children, and their children after them, by that same peace policy.

240 ANTI-COMPROMISE AND SECESSION WINTER OF 1860-61.

We mean to stand by it. Publie sentiment may, indeed, at first be against us; the tide may run heavily the other way for a little while; but, thank God, we all have nerve enough, and will enough, and faith enough in the people, to know that, at last, it will turn for peace; and though we may be prostrated for a time by the storm, yet, upon the gravestone of every patriot who shall die now in the cause of peace and humanity and the country, shall be written : "Resurgam"-I shall rise again. And it will be a glorious resurrection. (Loud and continued applause). Fellow-citizens, I am all over, and altogether a Union man. I would preserve the Union in all its integrity and worth. But, I repeat that this can not be done by coercion-by the sword.

No. XIII. THE ANTI-COMPROMISE AND SECESSION WINTER OF 1860–61. -The Presidential election of 1860, having resulted in the choice of ABRAHAM LINCOLN, the whole South was, forthwith, stirred with the most violent excitement. Secession of some-if not all-of the Southern States, became imminent. Immediately upon the assembling of Congress, on the 3d of December, 1860, various propositions looking to compromise and settlement, were introduced. One of those propositions was the measure introduced by Mr. BOTELER, of Virginia, who proposed "That so much of the Message as relates to the peculiar condition of the country, be referred to a Special Committee of One from each State." The resolution was adopted; and, two days after, the Committee was appointed. Mr. BOTELER having expressed a desire to be omitted from the Committee-of which he would, by courtesy, have been chairman-his request was granted, and Mr. CORWIN, of Ohio, appointed to that place. The Committee being filled and named, the member appointed for Florida (Mr. HAWKINS) asked to be excused from serving, saying he “relieved the time for compromise had passed forever."

On the question of excusing Mr. HAWKINS, an animated discussion arose, in which Mr. VALLANDIGHAM participated. His remarks on this question, made on the 10th of December, contain the following incidental but important defense of the rights and interests of the West. He said:

But, I repeat, sir, there is not, upon your Committee, one solitary Representative east of the Rocky Mountains, of that mighty host, numbering one million six hundred thousand men, which, for so many years, has stood as a vast breakwater against the winds and waves of sectionalism; and upon whose constituent elements, at least, this country must still so much depend in the great events which are thronging thick upon us, for all hope of preservation now or of restoration hereafter. Sir, is any man here insane enough to imagine, for a moment, that this great Northern and Western Democracyconstituting an essential part, and by far the most numerous part, of that great Democratic party which, for half a century, molded the policy and controlled the destinies of this Republic; that party which gave to the country some of the brightest jewels of which she boasts; that party which placed apon your statute-books every important measure of enduring legislation from the beginning of the Government to this day-that such a section of such a party is to be thus utterly ignored, insulted, and thrust aside as of no value? I tell you, you mistake the character of the men you have to deal with. We are in a minority, indeed, to-day at the ballot-box, and we bow quietly, now, to the popular will thus expressed. We are defeated, but not conquered; and he is a fool in the wisdom of this world, who thinks that in the midst of the stirring

and revolutionary times which are upon us, these sixteen hundred thousand men, born free and now the equals of their brethren-men whose every pulse throbs with the spirit of liberty--will tamely submit to be degraded to inferiority and reduced to political servitude. Never-never-while there is but one man left to strike a blow at the oppressor.

Sir, we love this Union; and more than that, we obey the Constitution. We are, here, a gallant little band of less than thirty men, but representing more than a million and a half of freemen, We are here to maintain the Constitution, which makes the Union, and to exact and yield that equality of rights which makes the Constitution worth maintaining. We are ready to do all and to suffer all in the cause of our-thank God!-yet common country; and by no vote or speech or act of ours, here or elsewhere, shall any thing be done to defile or impair or to overthrow this the grandest temple of human liberty ever erected in any age. But we demand to worship at the very foot of the altar; and not, as servants and inferiors, in the outer courts of the edifice.

Sir, we of the North-west have a deeper interest in the preservation of this Government in its present form than any other section of the Union. Hemmed in, isolated, cut off from the sea-board, upon every side; a thousand miles and more from the mouth of the Mississippi, the free navigation of which, under the law of nations, we demand, and will have at every cost; with nothing else but our great inland seas, the lakes-and their outlet, too, through a foreign country-what is to be our destiny? Sir, we have fifteen hundred miles of southern frontier, and but a little strip of eighty miles or less, from Virginia to Lake Erie, bounding us upon the east. Ohio is the isthmus that connects the South with the British Possessions, and the East with the West. The Rocky Mountains separate us from the Pacific. Where is to be our outlet? What are we to do when you shall have broken up and destroyed this Government? We are seven States now, with fourteen Senators and fifty-one Representatives, and a population of nine millions. We have an empire equal in area to the third of all Europe, and we do not mean to be a dependency or province either of the East or of the South; nor yet an inferior or second-rate power upon this continent; and if we can not secure a maritime boundary upon other terms, we will cleave our way to the sea-coast with the sword. Ă nation of warriors we may be; a tribe of shepherds never.

No. XIV. VOTES UPON THE VARIOUS COMPROMISE MEASURES.-On the 27th of February, 1861, the House proceeded to vote on the various Compromise Propositions before it.

Mr. KELLOGG, of Illinois, had submitted a proposition similar to the Missouri Compromise of 1820, but to be embodied in the Constitution. It was rejected-yeas 33, nays 158. All the yeas were Democrats and ConstitutionalUnion men, except Mr. KELLOGG himself. MR. VALLANDIGHAM voted for the Proposition.-Congressional Globe, p. 1260.

The question then recurred on the "Crittenden Propositions," offered in the House by Mr. CLEMENS, of Virginia, in the form of a motion to submit them to the people of the United States. It was these propositions which Mr. DAVIS and Mr. Tooмвs both declared would be satisfactory to the South and avert secession-(Douglas' speech, January 13, 1861. Appendix to Congressional Globe, p. 41.) And, as in the Senate, so also in the House, they were rejected, and by a vote of yeas 80, nays 113, every Democrat and Southern man, except HINDMAN, of Arkansas, voting for them, and every Republican, without one single exception, voting against them. Mr. VALLANDIGHAM voted aye. The following is a list of the yeas and nays:

YEAS-Messrs. Adrain, William C. Anderson, Avery, Barr, Barrett, Bocook,

Boteler, Bouligny, Brabson, Branch, Briggs, Bristow, Brown, Burch, Burnett, Horace F. Clark, John B. Clark, John Cochrane, Cox, James Craig, Burton Craige, John G. Davis, De Jarnette, Dimmick, Edmundson, English, Florence, Fouke, Garnett, Gilmer, Hamilton, J. Morrison Harris, John T. Harris, Hatton, Holman, William Howard, Hughes, Jenkins, Kunkle, Larabee, James M. Leach, Leake, Logan, Maclay, Mallory, Charles D. Martin, Elbert S. Martin, Maynard, McClernand, McKenty, Millson, Montgomery, Laban T. Moore, Isaac N. Morris, Nelson, Niblack, Noell, Peyton, Phelps, Pryor, Quarles, Riggs, James C. Robinson, Rust, Sickles, Simms, William Smith, William N. H. Smith, Stevenson, James A. Stewart, Stokes, Stout, Thomas, VALLANDIGHAM, Vance, Webster, Whitely, Winslow, Woodson, and Wright-80.

NAYS-Messrs. Charles F. Adams, Aldrich, Alley, Ashley, Babbitt, Beale, Bingham, Blair, Blake, Brayton, Buffinton, Burlingame, Burnham, Butterfield, Campbell, Carey, Carter, Case, Coburn, Clark B. Cochrane, Colfax, Conkling, Conway, Corwin, Covode, H. Winter Davis, Dawes, Delano, Duell, Dunn, Edgerton, Edwards, Elliot, Ely, Etheridge, Farnsworth, Fenton, Ferry, Foster, Frank, French, Gooch, Graham, Grow, Hale, Hall, Helmick, Hickman, Hindman, Hoard, William A. Howard, Humphrey, Hutchins, Irvine, Junkin, Francis W. Kellogg, William Kellogg, Kenyon, Kilgore, Killinger, De Witt C. Leach, Lee, Longnecker, Loomis, Lovejoy, Marston, McKean, McKnight, McPherson, Moorhead, Morrill, Morse, Nixon, Olin, Palmer, Perry, Pettit, Porter, Potter, Pottle, Edwin R. Reynolds, Rice, Christopher Robinson, Royce, Scranton, Sedgwick, Sherman, Somes, Spaulding, Spinner, Stanton, Stevens, William Stewart, Stratton, Tappan, Thayer, Theaker, Tomkins, Train, Trimble, Vandever, Van Wyck, Verree, Wade, Waldron, Walton, Cadwalader C. Washburne, Elihu B. Washburne, Wells, Wilson, Windom, Wood and Woodruff-113.-Congressional Globe, p. 1261.

Of the eighty who voted for compromise, nineteen are in either the Federal or Confederate army, while of the one hundred and thirteen who voted against compromise, only six; one of them being Hindman, now a Confederate general. The other five are in the Federal army.

No. XV. THE AFFAIR AT CAMP UPTON.-A story to the effect that Mr. VALLANDIGHAM, when visiting a camp of Ohio soldiers, near Washington, was indignantly repelled, and driven from their lines, has been widely circulated. The telegraphic dispatch, from the agent of the Associated Press, relating to that disturbance, was substantially correct, except that the "disposition" referred to, was limited to a single company from Cleveland. But the dispatch appeared only in the papers of Washington, Baltimore and Philadelphia. It was suppressed beyond, eastward and westward. Many papers, unfriendly to Mr. VALLANDIGHAM, supplied the omission, not by copying the dispatch from newspapers that received it, but by giving their own version for popular use. Hence the perverted and exaggerated form the story assumed. The dispatch was as follows:

ALEXANDRIA, July 7, 1861. Mr. Vallandigham, member of Congress from Ohio, visited the Ohio regiments to-day. While in the camp of the first regiment, a disposition was shown by many to oust him, and, notwithstanding the nerve and courage shown by Mr. Vallandigham, it is probable they would have succeeded, but for the protection afforded him by the Dayton companies, and a pass from General Scott. He finally retired to the camp of the second regiment, after declaring himself as good a Union man as any of them, and expressing his scorn for the mob spirit shown by his fellow-citizens.

No. XVI. PEACE FOR THE SAKE OF THE UNION.-On the 20th of August, 1861, in reply to the charge that he had said that "he was for peace before the Union," Mr. VALLANDIGHAM published a card denying it, in which the following statements occur:

I never, either in my place in the House of Representatives, or any-where else, said any thing of the kind.

It is a part of that mass of falsehood created and set afloat so persistently for the last few years, in regard to all that concerns me; and is of the same coinage as that other falsehood, that I once said that "Federal troops must pass over my dead body on their way South"-a speech of intense stupidity, which I never, at any time, in any place, in any shape or form, uttered in my life.

But now, allow me, also, to say that I am for peace-speedy and honorable peace-because I am for the Union, and know, or think I know, that every hour of warfare by so much diminishes the hopes and chances of its restoration. I repeat with Douglas: "War is disunion. War is final, eternal separation;' and with Chatham: "My Lords, you can not conquer America.”

No. XVII. SLAVERY IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.-On the 11th of April, 1862, Mr. VALLANDIGHAM spoke and voted against the bill to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia. The following is an extract from his remarks:

Had I no other reason, I am opposed to it, because I regard all this class of legislation as tending to prevent a restoration of the Union of these States as it was, and that is the grand object to which I look. I know well, that in a very little while the question will be between the old Union of these Statesthe Union as our fathers made it or some new one, or some new unity of government, or eternal separation-disunion. To both these latter I am unalterably and unconditionally opposed. It is to the restoration of the Union as it was, in 1789, and continued for over seventy years, that I am bound to the last hour of my political and personal existence, if it be within the limits of possibility, to restore and maintain that Union.

No. XVIII. PEACE RESOLUTIONS.-On the 16th of December, 1862, Mr. VALLANDIGHAM introduced the following resolutions into the House of Representatives; they were postponed for debate:

Resolved, 1. That the Union as it was must be restored and maintained forever, under the Constitution as it is the fifth article, providing for amendments, included.

2. That no final treaty of peace, ending the present civil war, can be permitted to be made by the Executive, or any other person in the civil or military service of the United States, on any other basis than the integrity and entirety of the Federal Union, and of the States composing the same as at the beginning of hostilities, and upon that basis peace ought immediately to be made.

3. That the Government can never permit armed or hostile intervention by any foreign power, in regard to the present civil war.

4. That the unhappy civil war in which we are engaged was waged, in the beginning, professedly, "not in any spirit of oppression, or for any purpose of conquest or subjugation, or purpose of overthrowing or interfering with the rights or established institutions of the States, but to defend and maintain the supremacy of the Constitution, and to preserve the Union, with all the dignity, equality, and rights of the several States unimpaired," and was so