duties of their respective offices; and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment.

cers.

He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with Appointment the advice and consent of the Senate, shall of public offiappoint ambassadors, other ministers and con. suls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law: but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments.

The President shall have power to fill up Vacancies in all vacancies that may happen during the re- office. cess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session.

SECTION III.

He shall from time to time give to the Con- Further powers and duties gress information of the state of the Union, of the Presiand recommend to their consideration such dent. measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and, in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States.

Impeachment.

Judiciary, and tenure of judges.

Powers of the
Judiciary.

SECTION IV.

The President, Vice President, and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.

ARTICLE III.

SECTION I.

The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services, a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.

SECTION II.

The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and the treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority;-to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls;-to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction ;to controversies to which the United States shall be a party;-to controversies between two or more States;-between a State and citizens of another State,-between citizens of different States; between citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States, and between a State or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens or subjects.

Court.

In all cases affecting ambassadors, other pub. Jurisdiction of lic ministers and consuls, and those in which a Supreme State shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations, as the Congress shall make.

The trial of all crimes, except in cases of Trials by jury. impeachment, shall be by jury; and such trial

held.

shall be held in the State where the said crimes And where shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed.

SECTION III.

Treason against the United States shall con- Treason. sist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open

court.

The Congress shall have power to declare No corruption the punishment of treason, but no attainder of blood. of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted.

ARTICLE IV.

SECTION I.

Full faith and credit shall be given in each Acts of States State to the public acts, records, and judicial accredited. proceedings of every other State. And the

Privileges of

Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings, shall be proved, and the effect thereof.

SECTION II.

The citizens of each State shall be entitled citizenship. to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States.

Fugitives

be delivered

up.

A person charged in any State with treason, from crimes to felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall on demand of the Executive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime.

Fugitive slaves to be delivered up.

New States.

of U. States.

No person held to service or labor in one State under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due.

SECTION III.

New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new States shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the Legislature of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.

Territory and The Congress shall have power to dispose other property of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to

prejudice any claims of the United States, or of Claims. any particular State.

SECTION IV.

The United States shall guaranty to every form of govRepublican State in this Union a republican form of govern- ernment. ment, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the Legisla- Protection of ture, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic violence.

States.

ARTICLE V.

of this Constitution.

The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Amendments Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress; provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and that no State without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate.

ARTICLE VI.

Debts of former Government

All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Con- nised.

recog