Exclusive le seat of Government. the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases gislation over whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the Legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenforts, arsenals, als, dock-yards, and other needful buildings; docks, &c. And over To make gen and To make all laws which shall be necessary eral laws to and proper for carrying into execution the forecarry powers going powers, and all other powers vested by into effect. this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. Importation of slaves allowed till 1808. Habeas cor pus. Attainder and ex post facto laws. Direct taxes. SECTION IX. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year eighteen hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. No capitation, or other direct tax, shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles export- No exportation duty. ed from any State. tween the States. No preference shall be given by any regula- Commerce betion of commerce or revenue, to the ports of one State over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, Money, how but in consequence of appropriations made by drawn from Treasury. law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money To be publishshall be published from time to time. ed. No title of nobility shall be granted by the No nobility. United States: and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Foreign presemolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, ents and titles. from any king, prince, or foreign state. SECTION X. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, Powers denied or confederation; grant letters of marque and to the States. reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. denied to States. No State shall, without the consent of the Other powers Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws; and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress. Further denial of powers to States. President No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops, or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. ARTICLE II. · SECTION 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a United States. President of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows: Electors, how appointed. Electors to dent and VicePresident. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress; but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector. The electors shall meet in their respective meet and to States, and vote by ballot for two persons, of elect a Presi- whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and the number of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the votes Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Their counted Congress. in Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such ma jority, and have an equal number of votes, Representathen the House of Representatives shall im- tives to choose mediately choose, by ballot, one of them for if electors fail. President; and if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall, in like manner, choose the President. But in choosing the President, the votes Votes by shall be taken by States, the representation States. from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, the person having the greatest Vice Presinumber of votes of the electors shall be the dent. Vice President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice President.* The Congress may determine the time of Election and choosing the electors, and the day on which meeting of they shall give their votes; which day shall be the same throughout the United States. electors. No person except a natural born citizen, or Qualifications a citizen of the United States at the time of of President. the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, *This clause of the Constitution has been amended. See twelfth article of the amendments, page 27. President. and been fourteen years a resident within the United States. Removal, In case of the removal of the President from death, &c. of office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. Compensation The President shall, at stated times, receive of President. for his services, a compensation, which shall neither be increased or diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. Oath. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." SECTION II. Powers and President. The President shall be commander-in-chief duties of the of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States, when called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the Executive Departments, upon any subject relating to the |