Unseen Operation. 7)765765 5)109395 9)21879 13)2431 This is cubed, and the two form- operations, î. e., dividing by 11 and multiplying by er and two latter figures being 2, we have 187 11 x 2 = 34. communicated, the solution is Example V. Is similar to the last. The only easy by principles 3 and 4, point requiring explanation is, that when the cube above. Thus given the cube is given, although the number cubed is not known, 6,5xx,x03; the highest cubeyet an error in that cube is at once asserted. The root in 6 is 1; 3 is the ending cube as given is 1,2xx,x40. Why is this at once of the cube of 7; 1+78 and pronounced wrong? The cube-root of 1 is 1; the the cube root is 187. Of course cube of 9 ends in 9; therefore the number would he directs the number to be di- be 99, which has only two figures and does not bevided by those less than 10, be- gin with 1. Hence the number given is not a cortween the divisions by 13 and rect cube of a multiple of 11. The corrected cube, 7, the better to disguise them. 9.1xx,x29, is then given, and the cubic root is 209. Example II. This is nearly the same as the From this the number thought of is easily deduced previous one, except that in by reversing the remaining operations, which were place of two divisions, he has performed on it, viz., dividing by 11 and multiplythe number 1859 subtracted; ing by 3. since it is a multiple of 11, 187 1872 = 34.969 1878-6,539,203 Unseen Operation. 13)261261 7)20097 2871 -1859 2)1012 506 506256,036 Unseen Operation. (1859 169 x 11), principle 61 applies. The cube given is H. M. L. Our Book Table. is 5; the cube of 6 ends in 6; A SERIES OF SCHOOL AND FAMILY CHARTS. Twenty-two in number. Designed for a course Example 3. Here he directs In these days of great light as well as deep dark8908 and 363, multiples of 11, ness-yes, even light and darkness that may be to be subtracted, (see principle felt,-the teachers of the loyal North can have no 6), and divisions made by 8. excuse to offer if the rebel army of ignorance shall 13 and 7, the only object being accomplish its purpose, unless they seize upon the to reduce it to a multiple of 11 means within their reach to hurl the invader from with three figures. The cube his stronghold. We don't say that with these given is 73,0xx,xx2. The cube- Charts and this Manual in his hand, the teacher root of 73 is 4; 2 ends the has all the weapons needful, but we do say that cube of 8. Therefore 3+8= these are very important fire-arms, and great im11, and the cube-root required provements upon the old musket now so prevalent Will all who read this 418. in our army of teachers. send for these Charts and use them? If you do, Example IV. In this and the following exam- our word for it, you will bless us for penning these ple, the number to be cubed is obtained in a differ- lines. 781 -363 418373,034,632 Unseen Operation. 34 9 306 18360 -34 7)18326 2)2618 7)1309 187 1873 = 6,539,203 ent way. An even number is Greenleaf, A. M. Published by Robert S. Davis taken; of course all its multi- NEW ELEMENTATY ALGEBRA. By Benjamin WE call the attention of our subscribers to the advertisement of A. B. Peck, Esq., Agent of Messrs. Steinway & Sons. TEACHERS AND SCHOOL COMMITTEES.-We call your attention to the advertisement of Robert S. He here tells also the number thought of. It will be perceived that the 34 was first multiplied by 539 (7 x 7 x 11), then divided by 7, 7 and 2. The result we know, 187; reversing the remaining Davis & Co. Editors' Department. TEACHERS OF RHODE ISLAND. THE RHODE ISLAND INSTITUTE OF INSTRUCTION will hold a Meeting on FRIDAY and SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 21st and 22d, at Westerly; And also on FRIDAY and SATURDAY, DECEMBER 5th and 6th, at Wichford. ful manufactures to the million; the artist, painting and sculpture; the musician, musical instruments. Only the warrior is left unrepresented. The International Exhibition is so rich in musi cal instruments from all parts of the Globe, that in ordinary times it would not excite surprise that our cousins from the other side of the Atlantic had availed themselves of a good opportunity to show the Old World that they can do something in the way of making them, especially as regards the piano-forte. A few travelled artists, and ono or two manufacturers, were at least aware that excel Let the meetings be fully attended. Business of great importance to teachers will come up for lent pianos were made in the States, and that exdiscussion. portation from Europe had virtually ceased. The more enthusiastic of the artists who long since had THE ROLL OF HONOR.- Rhode Island has re-visited America did not hesitate to claim for the ceived many encomiums of praise for her patriot- pianos made there a high perfection of tone and ism, and that, too, well deserved. She has sent workmanship, but the skeptical hesitated to beforth men from the workshop, the counting-room, lieve that the trade had progressed so far as it the bar, the pulpit, the plough and the school- really has. We are now able to judge for ourroom. From her list of teachers she has sent some selves. Messrs. Steinway & Sons, of New York, bright examples. Mr. William A. Mowry, of the exhibit four pianos in the American department. Providence High School, and Samuel Thurber, They are so excellent that the jury has awarded a from the junior department of the same school. prize to and an encomium on the fortunate makers, have joined the gallant Eleventh. Add to these When we find that they are thus officially ranked the names of Edwards, of East Greenwich, and with the best instruments in the building, we may Burlingame, of Elmwood, of the same regiment, readily conclude that they combine all the best and we have a noble gallaxy of patriotic men known points of the manufacture, and perhaps infrom the ranks of teachers. All praise to our wor- troduce some novelties. The instruments are thy brethren of the teacher's profession. We have no doubt when occasion calls, others will haste to the summons until this foul rebellion shall be effaced from our hitherto fair escutcheon. We will not forget those who are now bearing the musket in a righteous cause, nor those who have already fallen in the struggle for constitutional liberty. handsome in exterior, displaying taste and richness of carving without any overwrought striving for splendor, or special predilection for mere cabinet work. Musically they are of the fullest compass, and speak with real grandeur of tone, -a square or horizontal piano made by this house having the power of an average grand, and withal a quality of sound which will bear favorable com PIANO-FORTES. We extract the following no-parison with that of any country. In America the tice of those world-renowned instruments from the square piano takes the place of the upright piano London Musical World, and ask a perusal from here. It is the instrument of the home circle, our music-loving readers: To this circumstance may be ascribed the marked "American Piano-Fortes.-Not one of the least improvements which have been made in its manuanomalous things in the present state of affairs on facture-improvements which we may here add the other side of the Atlantic is, that whilst Birm- have been extended also to grand pianos. The ingham was manufacturing arms to send to Amer-manufacturers claim the following peculiarities in ica, New York should be making pianos to send to the building of their instruments: London. The reverse would have been a more 1. A novel distribution of the sounding board, natural order of things, seeing that Europe is at of the bridges and of the strings; 2. A new conthis time in the attitude of a peacemaker, whilst struction of the iron frame; 3. The adoption of a America, unhappily, is in that of a beligerent. double repeating mechanism, which imparts to the Nevertheless it is pleasant to know that Ameri- touch greater ease, elasticity and promptness.' cans are not all wedded to the dread Bellona, and The opinion has widely obtained latterly that that amid the fruitless strife between North and the square or horizontal piano could not be perSouth the peaceful arts still flourish, and the meek-fected to the same extent as the grand, as, indeed, eyed Cecilia holds her own. It is indeed singular- the fruitless efforts in that direction would seem to ly striking how peaceful are all the products in the demonstrate. The attempt to obtain more power American Department of the Great Exhibition, and volume of tone by stretching the lower-toned and how the emblems of kindly plenty still prevail wires over the shorter or higher-toned ones (called there. The husbandman finds ingenious tools for overstringing), in order to gain more room and wooing the stubborn earth; the handicraftsman a sounding-board surface, proved only partially sucvariety of labor-saving machines for bringing use- cessful, in consequence of the inequalities in the LECTURE ON HUMBOLDT.-Dr. William Gotts scale which resulted from that plan. The makers who were most enthusiastic for the theory abau- chalk, of this city, gave a learned and highly interdoned it at length as impracticable; but Messrs. life and services of this distinguished scientist, whose esting lecture in Lyceum Hall, last evening, on the Steinway and Sons seem to have extended their friendship he had himself enjoyed, and whose genius experiments to a successful issue. By the inven- and labors his own scientific attainments especially tion of an ingenious acoustical instrument, they vestigator, whose researches into the mysteries of fit him to appreciate and interpret. This great inwere enabled to ascertain the exact vibrations of Nature were pushed with such unexampled vigor and the sounding board, and to place the bridges-two perseverance, was born on the 14th of September, or more, as the case might require-on exactly the spots that would least interfere with the same. The result was a great increase of tone, and unusual equality throughout the scale. This principle they have applied to all kinds of pianos, with the most satisfactory results. He 1769 He came into the world a privileged being, fortune, but his lot was cast in a highly educated for he not only possessed the advantages of rank and circle. He was surrounded in early youth by the most gifted intellects of his time, and his social position afforded him opportunities for the noblest intellectual culture. His early manhood was spent in scien ificlabors for the promotion of the interests of his Being enabled, then, to allot to each individual native country, more especially the development of string a larger share of sounding board, and to its mining resources. But the great object of his bring it into closer harmony with the workings of world. He landed in Venezuela in July, 1799, and ambition was to become the explorer of the new the same, their next efforts were directed to the commenced an exploring expedition through South quality of the tone produced. To combine the America and Mexico, which lasted five years. mellowness of wood-constructed pianos with the also visited the United States, where he became the guest of President Jefferson, and devoted himself to strength and brilliancy of those in which iron con- the study of the political relations of the people. stituted a principal feature, was obviously the de-On his return to Europe he was everywhere hailed sideratum. The pianos exhibited at South Ken- as a second Columbus. Though a Baron and Privy sington, described by the Jury as "powerful, clear Counsellor of his King, he did not regard it as beneath his dignity to become an instructor of the and brilliant," demonstrate the gratifying, and in common people. many respects surprising, success which has at-1 tended this effort. The iron frame used by Messrs. Steinway & Sons is a single casting, contrived – for horizontal pianos-in such a way that the heretofore unavoidable intersections of the soundingboard bridges are entirely done away. This important modification secures at once an even and uninterrupted scale. In consequence, too, of the pressure of the iron frame upon and against the Among the new sciences of which Humboldt was the founder were those of Comparative Geography, tunning-block-thus welding, as it were, the two Hydrography, Geognosy and Comparative Climasubstances into one soldid whole-they have ob- t logy. He also took great interest in Ethnological viated the transverse vibrations, and avoided those studies, and his vast magnetic observations were the foundation of that wounderful progress in the science dull, thumping by-tones which are so offensive to of Magnetism which has distinguished the present the sensitive ear. The iron frames of the grand century. He spoke many languages, and in politics pianos are upon the same principle, being distin- was a Liberalist. He died in May, 1859, honored guished only by the shape of the iron bars, which throughout the civilized worid.-Providence Press. form a triangle pressing with the broad end against the tunning-block, -a construction which gives strength, and assists materially in keeping the instrument in tune. In 1843 he commenced that gigantic labor of his life, the Cosmos. Late in the evening of his days, he offered to the people a work, the fragments and materials of which he had been gathering for half a century. Having sounded Nature to its depths, he collated the past and present results of all his investigations. To create such a work, the vastest the world had ever seen was reserved for him who had travelled over half the world and penetrated its secrets as no human being had ever done before. THE following we have just received. It needs no comment: "Messrs. Editors: The chairman of our State Educational Committee on Securing Uniformity of The advantage of Messrs. Steinway's double Text-books in the State Public Schools, has recomrepetition action over that heretofore in use seems mended THE RHODE ISLAND SCHOOLMASTER as to consist in its independence of the "jack" and "nut," thereby permitting a free and unrestrained the best periodical for practical teachers to take. movement. Experience has shown that all ap- We send the following names given below. pendages to either the "jack," the "nut," or the hammer," ultimately and inevitably result in a rattling kind of noise and an injury to the tone. whereas this mechanism insures ease, elasticity, promptness and force of touch. These fine instruments have attracted the attention they merit, and have been purchased by Messrs. Cramer, Beale & Wood, who, we learn, have become the English agents for Messrs. Steinway & Sons." THE interesting description of the country along the Potomac, (on page 335), is an extract from a letter to the Evening Press by a chaplain of a Rhode Island regiment. Yours, &c., M. A. LYNDE, County Superintendent, California." LUCIUS A. WHEELOCK, Usher in the Dwight School, Boston, has enlisted in Capt. Fowle`s company, Tiger Regiment, for nine months' service. Mr. Wheelock enlists as a private from entirely patriotic motives. He retains his connection with the school, his place being supplied during his absence. If he only makes as good a soldier as he is a teacher, nothing more can be asked of him. Mass. Teacher. THE next Term of the NORMAL SCHOOL at Bristol will commence on November 11th, 1862. The R. J. Schoolmaster. DECEMBER, 1862. VOLUME EIGHT. For the Schoolmaster. The Study of Latin. NUMBER TWELVE. pupil the true ends to be attained by the study of the ancient languages, and at the same time make him understand that no satisfactory know MANY of our high schools contain a class of ledge of either Greek or Latin can be gained pupils who do not intend to pursue a liberal without diligent and persevering study. There course of education, but who wish, for various may be exceptions to the rule, but as a general reasons, to take up Latin. Not a few of them thing, if the boy or girl cannot devote two or will commence the study with a good degree of three years to the study he had better not comenergy, but in a few months become tired of it mence it. and anxious to give it up. If permitted to do Let him also be assured that for the first year so, the time already spent upon it will have been at least he must delve and toil as it were in the wasted, and if compelled to go on, their growing hard rock to find the precious ore of knowledge. distaste for the study makes it of doubtful ben- All this can and should be done by an instrucefit. Without pausing to discuss the old ques- tor who is alive to the real interests of those tion of the relative merits of mathematics and committed to his charge. But after that comes the classics as a means of mental discipline, we another and more difficult question. How can would start the inquiry, "How can such pu- ja three years' study of Latin be made at once pils pursue to the best advantage the study of interesting and profitable? How shall the puLatin?" pil be made to progress thoroughly and yet not Undoubtedly observation will confirm the too slowly? statement that there is both too much and too It is usually the custom of teachers to mark little time given to Latin in our higher schools. out for such pupils a course exactly like that Too much, because some scholars ought never which they would adopt if preparing them for to have commenced it and because time is wast- college. But it is a question whether some ed through defective modes of teaching it. Too modifications ought not to be made in the case little, because it is an admirable means of disci- of those we are now considering. Students pline when properly pursued, and also because who are to spend four years in college occupy more pupils than are usually found engaged in by far the larger part of their time in the acadthe study might do so with advantage. emy or high school in the work of preparation. The first mistake commonly made by the pu- The amenities of study come after they have pil is with reference to the kind of benefit he entered the university. Of course nothing can expects to gain from the study of an ancient take the place of a thorough and systematic language. Oftentimes it will be found that the drill. It is essential to the success of every scholar has no intelligent idea about it, but student of Latin. But it is doubtful whether it wishes to study it, perhaps, because some of his needs to be as prolonged or extensive for those fellow-pupils are doing so. The correction of whose time is so much more limited. Shall no such an error is evidently the first duty of the attention be given to the literature and history teacher. Let him present to the mind of the of the language? At the public schools in England we know But in order to effect all this the teacher himthat the attainments of the best scholars in the self must be both careful and diligent. He must ancient languages would shame those of many be ever mindful of the truth that there is no of our college graduates. But if we do not channel of influence through which he is not think it necessary that our university students impressing his own mental and moral characshould be able to write Greek and Latin poetry, teristics upon the minds of his pupils. So submay not there be still more allowance made for tle and mysterious is the sympathy between the those who can never enter the university? In souls of men that even his own habits of thought some of our schools, especially in the city, the and study will be felt and in some degree reteacher has no choice. The same course is produced by those who receive his instructions. marked out for all who study the same branch es. From the Indiana School Journal. To Young Teachers. R. In our last we learned, to some extent, the nature of the work to be done. In this, we are to consider briefly the means of its accomplish But in many others it is not fixed by any particular rules, but is left, more or less, to the judgment of the instructor. The question then recurs again, What are the ends to be kept in view and how can they best be attained?" The single topic in connection with this whole subject on which we would now make one or two suggestions relates to its connection with the These means are many and various, but the study of English. One of the most striking Teacher is the principal means. Now, if the facts with which the student becomes conver- teacher is perfect in his or her qualification for sant in studying the structure of our language the work the work will be well done, but if is that a large part of our words are derived, otherwise the work will be otherwise done. either directly or indirectly, from the Latin. Of course, then, a knowledge of Latin becomes an essential means in gaining a clear and thorough knowledge of English. But in addition to this there should be the ability to use our native tongue with gracefulness and precision. To the attainment of this end perhaps nothing contributes more than the habit of making careful and critical translations from one language to another. Scarcely any point is more neglected in our schools than this, and consequently no accomplishment is rarer. Too often teachers content themselves with very ordinary renderings of the text, and not unfrequently with very loose and inaccurate versions. ment. Now, as you are young teachers, as per our caption, you will not feel offended if you are presumed not perfect in qualification. This betwo things; first, the qualifications desired, secing the case, it becomes necessary to consider ond, the means of their attainment. We shall however invert this order in our treatment of the subject, taking the second first, and not improbably omitting the first altogether, owing to the great space required. 1. Then of the means of the Teacher's qualification, or MEANS OF PROFESSIONAL IMPROVEMENT. Of these means we notice, first, NORMAL SCHOOLS. Undoubtedly the ability to translate well deAfter you have pursued an ordinary course of pends somewhat upon the command of lan- instruction in the common school, high school, guage possessed by the pupil. But it is equally academy or college a course in the normal school certain that this power may be increased by is the means most effective and thorough for careful exercise. The critical judgment of the professional training. This, we are fully aware, scholar should be frequently called into action. is an impracticability with many of you, yet He should learn to discriminate accurately be- we hope not with all. This impracticability tween the meaning of synonymous words. The does not, however, lessen the efficiency of the differences of idiom and the exact signification means, hence it should be classed where it beof words as determined by their composition longs, viz., first. We do not propose arguing and derivation should be dwelt upon. Written the importance of normal schools, but rather to translations of difficult passages will also be venture an opinion, viz.: that twenty-five years found a useful exercise. By persevering in this method the instructor will find his pupils acquiring a new power in the use of language, and at the same time forming a habit of thoroughness and accuracy which will be invaluable to them in other studies. hence it will be a matter of surprise that in 1862 whole counties of teachers could be found in Indiana, not one of whom had normal school drill. If possible enter these schools. Remember that to him that striveth belongeth the mastery. |