It boots no man to act the lie o'er him,
Who living had with little been content,
And little had in dying left behind.

As village pastor, gray-haired, worn with age,
With trembling voice reviews his life who now
Before him lies in death's long slumber wrapped,
Each eye is moistened and each swelling heart,
In choking sobs, works for itself relief.
He speaks not of his fame, for none he had
Beyond the little town so long his home;
He names not philanthropic deeds so great
That public press had blazed the gifts abroad;
But many a wretch who asked in vain of those
Who gave by thousands for the mission work,
By him had been relieved with humble fare.
No public place by him had e'er been sought,
Yet faithful to the creed the fathers' taught,
For freedom had his ballot e'er been cast.
His life exemplified his Christian love,
As did his death the triumphs of his faith.
The sermon over and the prayer was said,
Then to his final home they bore him hence,
While touchingly upon the breeze was borne
The mournful requiem of the scholar choir.

Sad, sad are the hearts once so gay and so cheer-
ing;

Hushed, hushed is the voice, whose kind tones were endearing,

THE tomb of Moses is unknown, but the traveller slakes his thirst at the well of Jacob. The gorgeous palace of the wisest and wealthiest of monarchs, with the cedar and gold and ivory; and even the great temple of Jerusalem, hallowed by the visible glory of the Deity himself, are gone; but Solomon's reservoirs are as perfect as ever. Of the ancient architecture of the Holy City not one stone is left upon another; but the pool of Bethseda commands the pilgrim's reverence to the present day. The columns of

Now, now to the graveyard his body they're bear- Persepolis are mouldering into dust; but its ing,

And we are alone.

cisterns and aqueducts remain to challenge our admiration. The golden house of Nero is a

How, how shall our sorrow find words for its tell- mass of ruins; but the Aqua Claudia still pours ing?

Grief, grief unexpressed in our bosoms is swelling, Fast, fast from the fountain our tears now are welling,

Our teacher has gone.

List, list to the bells now so plaintively tolling, Slow, slow, with the casket, the hearse now is rolling,

into Rome its limpid stream. The temple of the Sun at Tadmor, in the wilderness, has fallen; but its fountain sparkles as freshly in his rays as when thousands of worshippers thronged its lofty colonades. It may be that London will share the fate of Babylon, and nothing be left to mark its site save mounds of crumbling brickwork, The Thames will continue to flow as it

Give, give, if thou can'st, to our hearts some con- does now. And if any work of art should still soling,

For now we are lone.

rise over the deep ocean of time, we may well believe it will be neither a palace nor a temple, Soon, soon in the grave will the casket be laying, but some vast aqueduct or reservoir; and if Dust, dust unto dust," will the preacher be say- any name should still flash through the mists of ing, antiquity, it will probably be that of the man Then, then, if thou can'st, give our grief some al- who in his day sought the happiness of his fellaying,

Our teacher has gone.

low-men rather than their glory, and linked his memory to some great work of national utility

Cold, cold are the clods on the casket they're heap- and benevolence. This is the true glory which ing,

Now, now we resign to the grave's chilly keeping Him, him we have loved, and for whom we are weeping,

Our teacher has gone.

outlives all others, and shines with undying lustre from generation to generation-imparting to works something of its own immortality, and in some degree rescuing them from the ruin which overtakes the ordinary monuments of

Cease, cease we to weep, he has gone where no historical tradition or mere magnificence.-Ed

crying,

inburg Review.

The Adulteration of Bread.

effects, the only essential one in raising the bread is the production of carbonic acid, and hence of a cellular structure, as it is diffused through the dough, and held by the tough glu

We take the following extract from an excellent article in the North American Review for January, 1862, on "The Adulterations of Food":ten. "Now the practical deduction from these de- "But as it was found that, with flours of infetails is this. It unfortunately happens that, in rior quality,-those poor in gluten, for instance, the process of bolting, very much of the gluten the tendency of the fermentation was to liqueis removed with the bran, and thrown away; fy the gluten so far that it could not hold the and that the finer and whiter the flour, the more carbonic acid, so that the gas escaped, the dough careful and thorough is the bolting, and the collapsed, and the bread became heavy, as well greater the loss in gluten. Therefore it is that as dark-colored and unsalable, it was a desidbran has been found to contain, weight for eratum with bakers to find some substance weight, more than fourteen times as much phos- which would prevent these ill results. Both phoric acid as the superfine flour that is bolted sulphate of copper and alum will do it; the from it. This excessive waste includes, as we latter is generally used. • Alum combines with have said, gluten, and hence nitrogen, the most the albumen and renders it less soluble, and by important distinctive elements of wheat. Hence so far arresting the effect of fermentation, in a it is that unbolted wheat-bread, or the black twofold way, lessens the liquefaction of the bread of Germany, is much more nutritious gluten.' It thus stiffens the cell-wall of gluthan pure, refined, white bread; since the for- ten. The bread becomes more evenly and thormer contains all the gluten, all the phosphates, oughly raised, and, as a secondary effect, alum and all the nitrogenous compounds, as well as renders dark bread whiter. Thus an inferior all the starch, while the latter has lost a large flour will produce as handsome and salable a proportion of everything but starch. This loss bread as a finer variety. These effects of alum being just in proportion to the high quality often constitute the difference between baker's and whiteness of the flour, "fancy brands" and home-made bread. With the extreme poare thus far from economical for other reasons rosity of bread containing alum there is an exbesides their greater cost. cessive production of dextrine, or gummy starch, "When bread is to be fermented, a certain which makes the bread dry too rapidly, and proportion of a peculiar liquid, called yeast, is gives the brittleness and hardness characteristic added to start the process. The fermenting of the slice of baker's bread when exposed to qualities of yeast are owing to, or accompanied the air.

by, it is not quite certain which, the growth of 66 Let us see if the bakers avail themselves of a peculiar fungus, the Torula cerevisiæ, or yeast- this cheap and unsuspected adulteration. Dr. plant. This vegetable develops cells with great Hassall, after alluding to the adulteration of rapidity, which, uniting end to end, form stems. bread with rice-flour and potato-flour, which By the operation of a principle called cataly- are cheaper, says that a commodity is generally sis,' by which a ferment induces the same change bought by bakers under the name of " hards," in any substance with which it is brought in consisting of a mixture of alum and salt. One contact that it is undergoing itself, the dough object of its use, he avers, is to enable the bread takes on the process of fermentation. By this to retain more water, and thus to weigh more. process several important chemical changes are Mitchell found, on analsysis, that the quantity induced. The starch is converted into dex- of alum in ten loaves of four pounds each vatrine, this dextrine into sugar, and a portion of ried from thirty-four grains to one hundred and the sugar into alcohol and carbonic acid. By sixteen grains to each loaf. This may be in exthe evolution of the latter gas the dough is dis- cess of the quantity usually employed. Of tended with bubbles, and these are held in by twenty-four samples of bread examined by Dr. their cell-walls. The starch does not possess Hassall, all were adulterated with alum. Of four tenacity enough to withhold the bubbles from samples purchased of a League Bread Company, escaping, which office is performed by the elas- which specially advertised pure bread, without tic gluten. Besides these changes, there are alum, all were adulterated with alum. Again, produced in fermented bread lactic, acetic, bu- says Dr. Hoskins, As the result of a careful tyric, succinic and formic acids; some ammo- analysis of bread bought in different parts of nia; a pleasant ethereal oil; and also a greater this city [Boston], not a loaf was found free from or less liquefaction of the gluten. Of all these alum.' Comment is unnecessary.

"We thus have found that the staff of life,' salt and the acid are perfectly neutralized, it is before it can reach the mouths of the people, is all very well. A still better method was inseriously injured in two ways: first, by bolt-vented by Henry, consisting in the use of caring the wheat, which removes from the flour bonate of soda and muriatic acid, the product much of the gluten, and the greater part of the of which would be common salt. Dr. Dangphosphates; secondly, by adulteration with lish has devised an ingenious mode of forcing alum. Professor Horsford suggests the proba- into the dough carbonic acid in solution in wability of still other injuries as the result of fer-ter, in a closed apparatus. But this is not easimentation, by the changes produced in the ly practicable on a small scale. The new medough, and by the growth of fungi; but these thod proposed by Professor Horsford seems are not proved. The use of alum is the only, chemically the most correct, though we have no or the chief, fraudulent adulteratio. This de- practical acquaintance with its workings. It frauds the pocket, as well as impairs the good- consists in mixing with the flour a dry, acid ness of the bread. By the use of inferior flour, phosphate of lime and dry bicarbonate of soda, it enriches the baker by knavery. It also exer- in such proportions as to leave a neutral phoscises a more or less injurious influence on the phate of lime and phosphate of soda, after the stomach of the consumer. Alum is a powerful dough has been baked. In this manner the astringent, and almost an irritant, to the mu- phosphates lost in bolting are restored to the cous membranes. It must then be very poorly bread, and the evolution of carbonic acid is atadapted to a delicate stomach. After consid- tained without fermentation, and without any ering these facts in bread-making, we think injurious secondary results. All these methods that one would hesitate long before recommend- are much quicker than fermentation." ing the baker's loaf as lighter than home-made bread for the dyspeptic. If more perfectly raised it is less nutritious; and we have no question that the alum often produces irritation and heart-burn. It seems reasonable to suppose that the very large consumption of baker's bread in New England has some connection with that generally constipated habit of the bowels which is so prevalent here, but comparatively unknown where corn-bread is eaten, at the South and West. We call to mind one instance of a dyspeptic who has lived largely on alum bread, whose habitual constipation has grown more stubborn with years. At any rate, no one wants to eat alum instead of phosphates, and water instead of bread.

THE HONOR DUE TO INDUSTRY.-Every young has and always will honor industry. The vulman should remember that the world always gar and useless idler whose energies of mind and body are rusting for the want of exercise, the mistaken being who pursues amusement as relief to his enervated muscles, or engages in with scorn on the laborer engaged in his toil; exercises that produce no useful end, may look but his scorn is praise; his contempt is honor. Honest industry will secure the respect of the wise and the good among men, and yield the rich fruit of an easy conscience, and give that hearty self-respect which is above all price. Toil on, then, young men and young women. Be diligent in business. Improve the heart and "This is an important subject, and we cannot mind, and you will find "the well spring of insist too strongly on the benefits of having enjoyment in your own souls," and secure the good home-made bread. Various laws have confidence and respect of all those whose respect been passed, but they are everywhere dead-let- is worth an effort to obtain.

THERE are many shining qualities in the mind of man, but none so useful as discretion.

ters, except in France. Paris bread is universally recognized as the best in the world: it is free from alum. As it is not always easy nor It is convenient to make good fermented bread, other this, indeed, which gives a value to all the rest, ways have been devised of raising bread with- and sets them to work in their proper places, out fermentation, by the production of carbon- and turns them to the advantage of their posic acid in the dough, under the influence of sessor. Without it, learning is pedantry; wit, heat. All these kinds of bread are to be baked impertinence; and virtue itself looks like weakas soon as mixed. ness; and the best parts only qualify a man to Among the more common devices are the mixture of saleratus, or bicar- be more sprightly in errors and active in his bonate of potash, with sour milk, or lactic acid; own prejudices.

and that of the bicarbonate of soda with cream

THERE is no man who would not be mortified

of tartar, an acid tartrate of potassa. If the if he knew what his friends thought of him.

From "Education: Intellectual, Moral and Physical," productive of interest-even of delight; and it

by Herbert Spencer. Intellectual Education.

66

ever turns out that this is the method proved by all other tests to be the right one.

With most, these guiding principles will weigh but little if left in this abstract form. Partly, therefore, to exemplify their application, and partly with a view of making sundry specific suggestions, we propose now to pass from the theory of education to the practice of it.

A final test by which to judge any plan of culture, should come the question,- Does it create a pleasurable excitement in the pupils When in doubt whether a particular mode of arrangement is or is not more in harmony with the foregoing principles than some other, we may safely abide by this criterion. Even when, It was the opinion of Pestalozzi - - an opinion as considered theoretically, the proposed course which has ever since his day been gaining ground seems the best, yet if it produce no interest, or that education of some kind should begin less interest than another course, we should re- from the cradle. Whoever has watched with linquish it; for a child's intellecual instincts any discernment, the wide-eyed gaze of the inare more trustworthy than our reasonings. In fant at surrounding objects, knows very well respect to the knowing faculties, we may confi- that education does begin thus early, whether dently trust in the general law, that under nor- we intend it or not; and that these fingerings mal conditions, healthful action is pleasurable, and suckings of everything it can lay hold of, while action which gives pain is not healthful. these open-mouthed listenings to every sound, Though at present very incompletely conformed are the first steps in the series which ends in to by the emotional nature, yet by the intellect- the discovery of unseen planets, the invention ual nature, or at least by those parts of it which of calculating engines, the production of great the child exhibits, this law is almost wholly paintings, or the composition of symphonies conformed to. The repugnances to this and and operas. This activity of the faculties from that study which vex the ordinary teacher, are the very fi being spontaneous and inevitable, not innate, but result from his unwise system. the questio. is whether we shall supply in due Fellenburg says, Experience has taught me variety the materials on which they may exerthat indolence in young persons is so directly cise themselves; and to the question so put, opposite to their natural disposition to activity, none but an affirmative answer can be given. that unless it is the consequence of bad educa- As before said, however, agreement with Pestation, it is almost invariably connected with some lozzi's theory does not involve agreement with constitutional defect." And the spontaneous his practice; and here occurs a case in point. activity to which children are thus prone, is Treating of instruction in spelling he says: simply the pursuit of those pleasures which the "The spelling-book ought, therefore, to conhealthful exercise of the faculties gives. It is tain all the sounds of the language, and these true that some of the higher mental powers as ought to be taught in every family from the yet but little developed in the race, and con- earliest infancy. The child who learns his genitally possessed in any considerable degree spelling-book ought to repeat them to the infant only by the most advanced, are indisposed to in the cradle, before it is able to pronounce even the amount of exertion required of them. But one of them, so that they may be deeply imthese, in virtue of their very complexity, will, pressed upon its mind by frequent repetition." in a normal course of culture, come last into exercise, and will therefore have no demands made upon them until the pupil has arrived at an age when ulterior motives can be brought into play, and an indirect pleasure made to counterbalance a direct displeasure. With all faculties lower than these, however, the direct gratification consequent on activity is the normal stimulus; and under good management the only needful stimulus. When we are obliged to fall back upon some other, we must take the fact as evidence that we are on the wrong track. Experience is daily showing with greater clearness that there is always a method to be found

THE LAST WILL AND TESTAMENT OF OUR BEST FRIEND.-A pious old man was one day ment in his hand, when a friend who met him walking to the sanctuary with a New Testasaid:

"Good morning, Mr. Rice."

"Ah, good morning," replied he; "I am reading my Father's will as I walk along." Well, what has he left you?" said his

66

friend.

Why he has bequeathed me a hundred fold more in this life, and in the world to come life everlasting."

This beautifu! reply was the means of comforting his Christian friend, who was, at the time, in sorrowful circumstances.-Record.

Whose very

breast hath sheltered it

When rang the battle-cry;

Whose valiant sword and stout right arm,
With many a timely blow,

Have wrought new glory for its stars,
And crushed the haughty foe!

Alas! Alas! The Warrior comes,
But not on prancing steed-
He nevermore the cannon's roar,
Nor bugle blast will heed;
No glow lights up his marble cheek,
No smile his soulless eye,

That stout right arm is nerveless now,
His good sword sheathed must lie!

No shouts of welcome rend the air,

No sound the breezes swell,

But the minute-gun and the muffled drum,

And the mournful tolling bell.

The Warrior to his boyhood's home

Comes back in state to-day

But they who gloried in his name
Can only weep and pray.

Nor rose nor laurel wreath bring now,
But pale flowers for his bed,
The Hero hath been vanquished once!
The lion-heart lies dead!
The soldier's warfare all is done-

Life's wandering marches o'er,
God give him rest, among the blest,
In Heaven forevermore.

High on the world's heroic list

Music a Means of Preserving Health.

It is the opinion of our distinguished townsman, Dr. Rush, that singing by young ladies, whom the customs of society debar from many other kinds of healthy exercise, should be cultivated not only as an accomplishment, but as a means of preserving health. He particularly insists that vocal music should never be neglected in the education of a young lady, and states, that besides its salutary operation in soothing the cares of domestic life, it has a still more direct and important effect. "I here introduce a fact," says Dr. Rush, "which has been subjeeted to me by my profession - it is, that the exercise of the organs of the breast by singing contributes to defend them very much from those diseases to which the climate and other causes expose them. The Germans are seldom afflicted with consumption, nor have I ever known more than than one case of spitting of blood amongst them. This, I believe, is in part occasioned by the strength which their lungs acquire by exercising them frequently in vocal music, which constitutes an essential branch of their education."

This is irrefutable testimony, but that which follows is not less so :

"The music-master of an academy," says Mr. Gardiner, "has furnished me with an observation still more in favor of the opinion. He informs me that he has known several instances of persons strongly disposed to consumption, restored to health by the exercise of the lungs in singing. In the new establishment of infant schools for children of three or four years of age, everything is taught by the aid of song. Their little lessons, their recitations, their arithmetical countings, are all chanted, and as they feel the importance of their own voices when joined together, they emulate each other in the power of vociferating. The exercise is found to be very beneficial to their health. Many instances have occurred of weakly children, of two, three and four years of age, who could GREAT crimes ruin comparatively few. It is scarcely support themselves, having become rothe little meannesses, selfishness and impurities bust and healthy by the constant exercise of that do the work of death on most men; and the lungs. These results are perfectly philothese things march on to the sound of no fife or sophical. Singing tends to expand the chest, drum - they steal with muffled tread, as the foe and thus increases the activity of the vital orsteals on the sleeping sentinel. gans." Fitzgerald's Report on Music in the Philadelphia Public Schools.

Shall Lander's name be seen,
And Time, among "the cherished dead,"
Shall keep his memory green!
The patriot's heart shall warmer glow
When standing by his grave,
And dearer still shall be the flag

That LANDER died to save.
Providence, March 8, 1862.

L. D. B.

He only is worthy of esteem who knows what is just and honest, and dares do it; who is mas

ter of his own passions and scorns to be a slave to another's.

A young lady recently married a farmer, and on visiting the cow-house, asked the servant, Which cow is it that gives the buttermilk."