Russia. After the death of Canova, Gibson did not disdain again to become a learner, and accordingly was, for a time, a pupil under Thorwaldsen. Thus, trained under the two master-minds of modern sculpture, he entered on his career with a hand and a mind more thoroughly disciplined than perhaps any other English sculptor, yet without losing any thing of his originality or individual character. Mr. Gibson was elected an Associate of the Royal Academy in 1833, and became R.A. in 1836. He was, however, but a fitful contributor to the annual exhibitions of the Academy of which he was so distinguished a member. With the exception of short visits made at intervals to this country, Mr. Gibson resided almost entirely at Rome since his first visit to that city in 1817. No one was more ready than himself to extend the hand of friendly assistance to young students on their first arrival in that great metropolis of Art. It would be impossible, in our limited space, to give a perfect list of Mr. Gibson's works of a classic and ideal character. His principal efforts in portrait statues were one of Her Majesty for Buckingham Palace, and another for H.R.II. the late Prince Consort's Chamber in the palace of Westminster; the colossal statues of the late Right Hon. William Huskisson, M.P., executed for Lloyd's Rooms, London, and for the Cemetery, Liverpool— the latter reproduced in bronze, for the front of the Custom-house in that town ; Mrs. Murray, exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1816; and George Stephenson, in 1851. He also executed several monumental tablets and bassi-relievi ; some of the latter, although very beautiful, are perhaps inferior to his bas-reliefs of classical subjects. It has been objected that, as a monumental sculptor, he insists on draping his figures in ancient and classical costume. Within the last few years Mr. Gibson lent the weight of his high reputation and example to an innovation which caused considerable discussion in various quarters-namely, that of applying colour to marble in sculpture. This he did in his statue of Her Majesty, and in some of his other works-particularly in his exquisite Venus which attracted so much attention at the International Exhibition of 1862-but, as may be supposed, very cautiously, and with the best taste; in the drapery and accessories of his great seated statue of the Queen, the same principle is carried out more freely. It is only necessary to add, that England is tolerably rich in the works of Gibson, some one or more of which have found a place in every good collection. Liverpool is particularly well supplied with specimens of his chisel;

and the inhabitants of that city have not been backward in showing their appreciation of his merits, and in regarding him with pride as a fellow-townsman. There is a fine collection of about twenty casts from Gibson's best grouped statues at the Crystal Palace, Sydenham.

Mr. Gibson's studio at Rome was visited by every stranger; and no one who had the privilege of an introduction to him will ever forget the simple and lucid manner in which he used to narrate his favourite Greek legends, illustrative of the immortal figures he created. When the Prince of Wales visited Rome in 1857, Gibson was a frequent and honoured guest at His Royal Highness's table, and Her Majesty, whose high appreciation of all that is great in Art is well known, gave Gibson many commissions, and conferred on him many marks of her confidence and admiration. It is a fact equally honourable to the Queen and her distinguished subject, that a telegram despatched by Her Majesty's orders arrived at Rome the morning of the day before his death, inquiring after the health of the great artist. He was then still sensible, and his friends, thinking it would give him satisfaction, placed it in his hands. On attempting to withdraw it, he held it so fast that they were compelled to leave it; and with this mark of Royal favour and kindness in his hands he died. Other sovereigns and other countries delighted in doing honour to Gibson. He was decorated by the present Emperor of the French with the order of the Legion of Honour; his statue now stands in Munich by direction of King Ludwig, together with those of Tenerani, Schwanthaler, and Routh, selected by His Majesty as men who have dignified sculptural art. A Royal Academician and member of the Society of St. Luke's in Rome, he was associated with many other artistic socie ties in various countries. The qualities of the man ought not to be lost sight of in the merits of the artist. His modesty and unpresuming bearing won the confidence and affection of all men, while they led to the concealment of numerous acts of charity unknown to the world. There are many in Rome who bear grateful testimony to the kindness which he ever showed in counselling and forming their taste, and who lament his loss as that of a father.

The deceased was interred in the English Protestant burial-ground, in the neighbourhood of Rome, on the 29th of January, his funeral being attended by the members of the Art Academies of Rome, the various embassies, and a large number of the English residents and visitors, besides many foreigners.

service of his country the deceased General earned and maintained the character of a thoroughly efficient, able, and gallant soldier, unsparing of himself and devoted to the duties of his profession.

THE REV. JOHN KEBLE.

Eminent as a theologian, but much more admirable as a poet, and the author of a volume which is esteemed among the most cherished treasures in thousands of English households, and has exerted a very powerful influence on the religious thought and feeling of the nation, the Rev. John Keble, Vicar of Hursley, Hants, died at Bournemouth on the 29th of March, at the age of 73.

The deceased (who came maternally of a Scottish Jacobite family) was a son of the Rev. John Keble, some time Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, for fifty-two years vicar of Coln St.'Aldwyn's, Gloucestershire, by Sarah, daughter of the Rev. John Maule, vicar of Ringwood, Hants. He was born at Fairford, Gloucestershire, on the 25th April, 1792; and, having received his early education under his parental roof, proceeded to Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where, before he had completed his fifteenth year, he was a successful candidate for a Scholarship, and where he graduated B.A., in first-class honours, both in Classics and Mathematics, in Easter Term, 1810 (being at that time only just 18). He was soon afterwards elected to a fellowship at Oriel College, where he was the contemporary and friend of Dr. Arnold, as he had been at his former college; and where he took his degree of M.A., May 20, 1813.

In the Oxford University Calendar for 1814, he is entered as Fellow of Oriel College, and M.A. Among his colleagues were Copleston (afterwards Provost of the College and Bishop of Llandaff), senior Fellow; the Rev. John Davison (author of works on "Prophecy," "Baptismal Regeneration," &c.), Bursar and Tutor; the Rev. James Endell Tyler, M.A., afterwards Rector of St. Giles's-in-the-Fields; the Rev. Richard Whately, M.A., afterwards Archbishop of Dublin; and Edward Hawkins, B.A., the present Provost. Among the commoners of the College at the time were R. D. Hampden (now Bishop of Hereford), Thomas Parry (now Bishop of Barbados), and Samuel Rickards, the late rector of Stowlangtoft, Suffolk.

Mr. Keble, in 1813, gained the Chancellor's prizes for an English essay on "Translations from the Dead Languages," and for a Latin essay on "A Comparison

of Xenophon and Julius Cæsar." He was ordained Deacon by Dr. William Jackson, Bishop of Oxford, on Trinity Sunday, 1815, and Priest in the following year. He had already become one of the tutors of Oriel College, and he acted as Public Examiner in the University in 1814-16; and again 1821-3. About this latter date he ceased to reside, and retired to his father's living at Fairford, where he had a few pupils, and whence he made frequent visits to Oxford. He also filled successively the curacies of East Leach and Burthorpe, and afterwards of Southrop. These parishes are extremely small and contiguous to each other, near also to Fairford, whence he might count on the assistance of his father. He was pretty regularly during the vacations residing at Fairford, and during term time he rode from Oxford, on alternate Saturdays, for the duty of the Sunday.

"The period of his life which he passed in Oxford in the discharge of these University and college duties," says Sir J. T. Coleridge, in an interesting memoir of the deceased, was a very happy one: it was also one of great intellectual activity. He lived on the best of terms with many of the ablest of the Oxford residents, and he was fond of the Oxford society. As Tutor he contracted friendships with several of his pupils. Very frequently three or four of them would follow him to Fairford during the vacations to read with him; and it must not be passed over, even in this short narrative, that he thus formed his life-long friendship with Sir William Heathcote, and ultimately became the incumbent of the living of Hursley, which will for all time to come be associated with his name."

In the Autumn of 1825, Mr. Keble accepted the curacy of Hursley, which, however, he held but for a short time; for, owing to the alarming illness, and subse quent death, of his younger sister, he withdrew from Hampshire, and resumed his residence with his father and only surviving sister at Fairford, where he remained until 1835.

In 1827 was commenced the publication of "The Christian Year," "than which," says a competent critic, "no book of modern times has come nearer to what we may call a Divine work." The greater part had already existed for some time in albums, written under great variety of circumstances. Some of the poems were the work of a day-a few hours. It was only when half, or more than half, the year had been written, that Keble would listen to those who wanted the whole year, and in print.

The work appeared anonymously, and

has probably exercised more influence on English religious thought than any volume of poems for very many generations. Its motto was, "In quietness and confidence shall be your strength;" and its object was to promote "a sober standard of feeling in matters of practical religion," and to show "the soothing tendency of the Prayer-book." The wonderful popularity of The Christian Year" enabled the venerable author to rebuild the parish church of Hursley at a very great cost. The work not only gained a very wide circulation in this country, but its popularity in America is unbounded.

Concurrently with the preparation of "The Christian Year" for publication, and for some long time after, Keble was engaged in his edition of Hooker. "This," says Sir J. T. Coleridge, "was a most important work, which he embarked in with great interest, and executed with conscientious industry. It is now the standard edition. His preface is an elaborate work, and throws clear light on the serious question of the authenticity of the sixth and eighth books. Hooker had been a great favourite with Keble from his youth, as a man and a writer."

In 1828, a year after the publication of "The Christian Year," Dr. Copleston became Bishop of Llandaff, and the Provostship was vacant. Mr. Keble was the senior of those who had any pretensions, and he did not conceal his wish to succeed. Dr. Hawkins (the present Provost) was, however, the choice of the majority.

After the passing of the Reform Bill, in 1832, Mr. Keble formed one of the four1 eminent members of the University of Oxford who met together to devise a remedy for the evils which they regarded as sapping the very foundations of the Church. The object of these friends was to enunciate in simple language the true views of Church government, the apostolical commission of the clergy, the value of ordinances, and the testimony of antiquity to Church principles. The first of the now famous "Tracts for the Times" appeared in 1833. Although these Tracts, many of which created a prodigious sensation, were published anonymously, there is no great secret as to Mr. Keble's authorship of Tracts 4, 13, 40, 52, and 89; and it may be said that the movement which they originated for more than thirty years leavened the whole English Church.

From 1831 (when he succeeded Dean Milman without any opposition) to 1842,

1 The others were the Rev. J. H. Newman, the Rev. E. B. Pusey, and the Rev. R. H. Froude.

Mr. Keble was Professor of Poetry at Oxford, and his lectures attracted crowds of students.

On Sunday, July 14, 1833, Mr. Keble preached an assize sermon at St. Mary's, on the national apostasy, which he declared then to have set in, and which he invited the Church to follow him in treating as Samuel had done Saul and the children of Israel.

That sermon may be said to have been the great epoch, if not the turning-point, of Keble's life. It explains not only why he joined the Oxford movement, and be came one of the mighty men in its foremost rank; but also, and still more, the special part he took in it. His line ever since was one continued protest against secular indifference and civil assumptions; though it is only fair to add, that this protest was rather of a passive than an active character.

The year 1835 was an eventful one in the life of Mr. Keble. At the commencement of it-namely, on the 24th of January-his venerable father, who for some weeks had been confined to his bed, retaining the full use of his faculties, was taken to his rest; and before the conclusion of the year he became the husband of Miss Clarke, the second daughter of his father's old college friend and brother fellow of Corpus, the rector of Meysey Hampton, a neighbouring parish of Fairford. In this year, also, he was presented by Sir William Heathcote, Bart., to the vicarage of Hursley, with Otterbourne (an annexed rectory), and Ampfield (an outlying hamlet), near Winchester. The living was worth nominally 400l. a year; but in Mr. Keble's incumbency Ŏtterbourne church was rebuilt, and a new church erected at Ampfield. A chapel was also provided for Pitt, another distant hamlet of the parish.

Amongst the other writings of Mr. Keble we may enumerate "De Poeticâ Vi Medicâ, Prælectiones Academicæ Oxonii habitæ," 2 vols., published in 1844; a pamphlet "On the Admission of Dissenters to Oxford" (1854); and one against "Profane Dealing with Holy Matrimony," published in 1847. Mr. Keble was also the author of the "Lyra Innocentium," 1846, and (with Newman, Froude, and some others) of the "Lyra Apostolica "-his poems in this latter work being distinguished by the Greek letter 7. greatest work was undoubtedly "The Christian Year." "No one, I believe," writes his friend Sir John Coleridge, "who was any way concerned in it, and certainly not he himself, had realized at the time its importance: we all thought it would probably succeed, sooner or later;

His

and we felt sure that in proportion to its circulation it would do good, and be a delight and comfort to those who should read and study it. It is not much to the discredit of our sagacity that we did not contemplate what followed. I do not speak of editions-nearly, if not quite, ninety in less than forty yearswith a circulation still in full vigour. Circumstances for some years made me a sort of steward of it, and I know that the editions were unusually large, 3000 copies being a very usual number. I do not speak of this, but of the manner of its reception and use; it has not been a book for the library-read through once, restored to its shelf, and occasionally referred to for a quotation-but a book for each individual, found in every room, companion in travel, comfort in sickness, again and again read, taken into the mind and heart, soothing, sustaining, teaching, purifying, exalting." The last edition of "The Christian Year" is the 92nd; and no less than six were issued within the last six months of the author's life.

The venerable divine and poet was buried in Hursley churchyard on the 6th of April, in the presence of large numbers of distinguished members of the University of Oxford and others, who had made a journey to Hursley to do honour to his

memory.

SIR J. L. KNIGHT-BRUCE, D.C.L.

The Right Hon. Sir James Lewis KnightBruce, D.C.L., F.R.S., F.S.A., was the youngest son of the late John Knight, Esq., of Fairlinch, Devon, by Margaret, only child and eventually heiress of William Bruce, Esq., of Duffryn, co. Glamorgan, a surgeon in the R.N., afterwards a banker in London, and formerly High Sheriff of the former county, and a descendant of the family of Bruce of Clackmannan. He was the youngest of three brothers, of whom the eldest, Mr. John Bruce-Pryce, of Duffryn, Glamorganshire, is the sole survivor. The second brother, the Rev. William Bruce Knight, was Dean of Llandaff, and died in 1845. He was born at Barnstaple on the 15th of February, 1791; at an early age he was sent to the King Edward's Grammar School at Bath, in which city his parents were resident. He remained there about two years; and upon his father's death in 1799, was removed to the King's School, Sherborne. On leaving Sherborne, he studied under Mr. Roy, of Burlington-street, London, an eminent mathematical tutor, until he began to prepare for the Bar. He was admitted a

student of Lincoln's Inn, in 1812, and in 1817 called to the Bar. After attending the Welsh circuit for a short time, he exchanged the Common Law for the Equity Bar, where his great talents and industry soon secured a large practice. In 1829 he was appointed a King's Counsel, and in 1831 was returned to Parliament for Bishop's Castle-a borough which was disfranchised at the passing of the Reform Bill, in 1832. In 1834 he received the degree of D.C.L., honoris causâ, from the University of Oxford. He was a magis. trate for the counties of Surrey and Middlesex.

A Conservative in politics, he was one of the counsel heard at the Bar of the House of Lords, in 1835, against the Corporation Reform Act, Sir Charles Wetherell being his leader. In 1837, the year in which he assumed the additional surname of Bruce by Royal licence, he closed his parliamentary career by an unsuccessful struggle for the representation of the borough of Cambridge.

On the 15th of January, 1842, Sir James Knight-Bruce, who had just been made a Vice-Chancellor, was sworn of the Privy Council by command of Her Majesty, and he thus became, in virtue of the Acts constituting his office, a member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council and of the Final Court of Appeal from the courts of India and of the Colonies, and from the ecclesiastical and admiralty jurisdictions of this country. Nine years later, in 1851, on the creation of the Court of Appeal, Lord Cranworth and Sir J. Knight-Bruce were selected as the first Lords Justices, and on the elevation of Lord Cranworth to the Woolsack in the following year, Sir George Turner was appointed Lord Justice, and Sir J. Knight-Bruce became the senior justice, a position which he held till within a fortnight of his death. That event took place on November 7, at Roehampton Priory, Surrey.

Sir James Knight-Bruce was one of the most assiduous and influential members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, in which he sat many hundreds of days; and no man contributed more than he did to the high authority it enjoys in all the dependencies of the empire. If the judicial office which he filled in the Court of Chancery called for the daily exercise of the science of equity pleading and equity jurisprudence, in which he was by common consent a consummate master, the wider range of the appellate jurisdiction of the Privy Council opened a varied field of inquiry before him, which no man was more eager or more able to explore.

The predominant characteristics of Sir