enlisted men, Eitherto fixed by Executive regulation, was established at four hundred and fifty, and by the act of June 20, 1878 (id., 219), the enlisted force of the department was fixed at one hundred and fifty sergeants, thirty corporals, and two hundred and seventy privates, who were to receive the pay and allowances of enlisted men of corresponding grades in the battalion of engineers. By this enactment extra-duty pay was prohibited, and the commissioned force of the department was increased by the annual appointment of two second lieuteants, who were to be selected from the grade of sergeant. By the act of Jie 16. 1880 (21 id., 267), the rank of brigadier general was conferred upon the Chief Signal Officer, and the number of privates was increased to three Ledred and twenty; by the act of August 4, 1886 (24 id., 247), the number of Becond lieutenants was limited to sixteen, the school of instruction at Fort Myer, Va., was abolished, and the Secretary of War was authorized to detail fre commissioned officers of the Army for signal duty, this number to be in addition to the second lieutenants already authorized by law; this requirement was repeated in the acts of October 2, 1888 (26 id., 537), and March 2, 1889 d. #29), by which enactments the number of second lieutenants was reduced to fourteen.

By the act of October 1, 1890 (26 Stat. 653), the Weather Service was transferred to the Department of Agriculture and the strength of the Signal Corps was established at one Chief Signal Officer (brigadier general), one major, four mprise, and four first lieutenants mounted, and fifty sergeants who were to have the pay and allowances of hospital stewards. The second lieutenants not ed for appointment as first lieutenants were to be transferred to the line of the Army. By the act of August 6, 1894, the department was reorganized, the reorganization to take effect upon the occurrence of a vacancy in the office of Chief Signal Officer, when the corps was to consist of one colonel, one lieuesant colonel, one major, three captains, and three first lieutenants; by the at of March 2, 1897 (29 id.. 611), the promotions provided for in the act of 6, 186. were authorized to be made. By section 2 of the act of May 18, (30 id., 417), and joint resolution No. 53, of July 8, 1898 (id., 749), a nteer Signal Corps was authorized, to consist of one colonel, one lieutenant zel, one major, as disbursing officer, and such other officers and men as zt be required, not exceeding one lieutenant colonel for each army corps, d two captains, two first lieutenants, five first-class sergeants, ten sergeants, ten orporais, and thirty first-class privates to each organized division of troops, ertain proportion of whom were to be skilled electricians or telegraph operBy section 24 of the act of February 2, 1901 (31 Stat. 754), the permanent 7th of the Signal Corps was fixed at one Chief Signal Officer with the rank bader general, one colonel, one lieutenant colonel, four majors, fourteen ***** 48, fourteen first lieutenants, eighty first-class sergeants, one hundred and wly sergeants, one hundred and fifty corporals, two hundred and fifty first*s privates, one hundred and fifty second-class privates, and ten cooks; and stem of detail was established by the operation of which the permanent mmissioned personnel of the department will be gradually replaced, as vacanmometr, by officers detailed from the line of the Army for duty in the Signal irment.

By act of March 2, 1903 (32 Stat. 932), there was added to the commissioned *** one lieutenant colonel, two majors, four captains, and four first *****, and the enlisted force has been increased as stated in note to paragra, à 580, ante.

8901"-17-22

902. Appointment.-The President is authorized to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, chaplains in the Army, at the rates of one for each regiment of cavalry and infantry in the United States service, and twelve for the corps of artillery, with the rank, pay, and allowances of captains of infantry.1 Sec. 12, Act of Feb. 2, 1901 (31 Stat. 750).

903. Same. In addition to the chaplains now authorized for the Artillery Corps the President is authorized to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and subject to the laws governing appointment of chaplains in the Army, one chaplain for each regiment of field artillery and two for the coast artillery, with the rank, pay, and allowances now authorized by law for chaplains in the Army. Sec. 12, Act of Jan. 25, 1907 (34 Stat. 864).

904. Same. In addition to the number of chaplains now authorized by law there shall hereafter be one for the Corps of Engineers. Act of June 12, 1906 (34 Stat. 256).

QUALIFICATIONS.

905. Qualifications.-No person shall be appointed as regimental or post chaplain until he shall have furnished proof that he is a regularly ordained minister of some religious denomination, in good standing at the time of his appointment, together with a recommendation for

1Section 1121, R. S., reads as follows: "The President may, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint a chaplain for each regiment of colored troops and 30 post chaplains "

The act of February 2, 1901 (31 Stat. 758), which authorized the organization of one provisional regiment of infantry for service in Porto Rico, provided that the regiment should be organized as to numbers as authorized for infantry regiments of the Regular Army. Consequently this regiment has one chaplain.

such appointment from some authorized ecclesiastical body, or from not less than five accredited ministers of said denomination. Sec. 1123, R. S.

a

906. Same.-No person in civil life shall hereafter be appointed * chaplain until he shall have passed satisfactorily such examination as to his mental, moral, and physical qualifications as may be prescribed by the President: * **Provided further, That in case of the appointment of an officer who has served in a similar capacity during the War with Spain and has demonstrated his moral, mental, and physical qualifications for the position, then such examination shall not be required. Sec. 7, Act of Mar. 2, 1899 (30 Stat. 979).

907. Same.-No person shall be appointed a chaplain in the Regu lar Army who shall have passed the age of forty years, nor until he shall have established his fitness as required by existing law. Sec. 12, Act of Feb. 2, 1901 (31 Stat. 750).

908. Rank and status.-Chaplains shall have the rank of captains of infantry, without command, and shall be on the same footing with other officers of the Army, as to tenure of office, retirement, and pensions. Sec. 1122, R. S.

909. Promotion.-Hereafter the President may, from time to time, select from among the chaplains of the Army any chaplains having not less than ten years' service, in the grade of captain, who shall have been commended as worthy of special distinction for exceptional efficiency by the regimental or district commanders with whose commands they may be serving as chaplains, approved through regular military channels, and may, with the advice and consent of the Senate, promote such regimental or artillery chaplains to be chaplains with the grade, pay, and allowances of major; every such promotion being made with a view to active service until the statutory age for the compulsory relinquishment thereof, except in cases of physical disability incurred in the line of duty: Provided, That the total number in active service so promoted shall not at any time exceed fifteen, and that the remaining chaplains shall have the grade, pay and allowances of captain, mounted, after they shall have completed seven years of service: And provided further, That all persons who may hereafter be appointed as chaplains shall have the grade, pay, and allowances of first lieutenant, mounted, until they shall have completed seven years of service. Sec. 1, Act of Apr. 21, 1904 (33 Stat. 226).

910. Designation.-All officers provided for in this Act shall have a uniform designation in official address as chaplains of their respective regiments or of the Artillery Corps. Sec. 2, id.

911. Effect of act.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed as depriving any chaplain of his commission in the Army, or as inter

fering with existing law pertaining to regimental and corps assigneats or transfers, and that nothing herein contained shall be held onstrued to increase the number of chaplains, as now authorized by law, or to reduce the grade of any now serving. Sec. 3, id.

912. Assignments.-The office of post chaplain is hereby abolished, and the officers holding commissions as chaplains, or who may hereafter become chaplains, shall be assigned to regiments or to the corps of artillery. Sec. 12, Act of Feb. 2, 1901 (31 Stat. 750).

913. Transfers and transportation.-Chaplains may be assigned to such stations as the Secretary of War shall direct, and they may be tran-ferred, as chaplains, from one branch of the service or from one giment to another, by the Secretary of War, without further commission. When serving in the field, chaplains shall be furnished with necessary means of transportation by the Quartermaster's Departtent. Id.

DUTIES.

914. Duties All regimental chaplains and post chaplains shall, e it may be practicable, hold appropriate religious services, for the eft of the commands to which they may be assigned to duty, at Past once on each Sunday, and shall perform appropriate religious iral services at the burial of officers and soldiers who may die in commands. Sec. 1125, R. S.

915. Same-Instruction.-The duty of chaplains of regiments of red troops and of post chaplains shall include the instruction of le enlisted men in the common English branches of education. 1124. P. S.

Sec.

916. Name Reports.-Post and regimental chaplains shall make thly reports to the Adjutant-General of the Army, through the -al military channels, of the moral condition and general history fe regiments or posts to which they may be attached. Sec. 1126,

ES.

917. Facilities for duties.-It shall be the duty of commanders of ments, hospitals, and posts to afford to chaplains, assigned to the ate for duty, such facilities as may aid them in the performance of er duties. Sec. 1127, R. S.

HISTORICAL NOTE.

The of chaplain existed in the Revolutionary armies, as is indicated irement of section 1. article 4, of the Rules and Articles of War of 12 wich provides a penalty for the nonperformance of the duties approale to the office. The act of March 3, 1791 (1 Stat. 222), authorized the * heut of a chaplain in case the President might “deem such appointment "For statutory provisions respecting post schools, see the article relating to sts in the chapter entitled Public Property. The detail of officers at *****, and the regulations governing the courses of instruction therein, are in orders from the War Department. For the duties and assignarts of chaplains, see paragraphs 43-46, Army Regulations of 1913.