the citizens have a right in an orderly manner to meet together, and to apply to persons intrusted with the powers of government, for redress of grievances or other proper purposes, by petition, remonstrance or address. Del., 117.

-The right of the people to appeal to the courts, to petition government on all matters of legitimate cognizance and peaceably to assemble for the consideration of any matter of public concern shall never be impaired. Ga., 142.

DIVORCES.

--Divorces from the bonds of matrimony shall not be granted, but in the cases by law provided for, and by suit in chancery, but decrees in chancery for divorce shall be final, unless appealed from, in the manner prescribed by law, within three months from the date of the enrollment thereof. Ala., 77.

--The General Assembly shall not have power to pass any bill of divorce, but may prescribe by law the manner in which such cases may be investigated in the courts of justice, and divorces granted. Ark., 87. -No divorce shall be granted by the Legislature. Cal., 99; Iowa, 186; Mich., 303; Min., 323; N. J., 415; Tex., 516.

--Divorces from the bonds of matrimony shall not be allowed but by the judgment of a court, as shall be prescribed by law. Fl., 140.

-The Superior Court shall have exclusive jurisdiction in all cases of divorce, both total and partial; but no total divorce shall be granted except on the concurrent verdicts of two special juries. In each divorce case, the court shall regulate the rights and disabilities of the parties. Ga., 148.

-The General Assembly shall have no power to grant divorces, but may authorize the courts of justice to grant them for such causes as may be specified by law; Provided, That such laws be general and uniform in their operation. Ill., 154.

-All power to grant divorces is vested in the District Courts, subject to regulation by law. Kan., 200.

--The General Assembly have no power to grant divorces, to change the names of individuals, or direct the sales of estates belonging to infants, or other persons laboring under legal disabilities, by special legislation; but by general laws shall confer such powers on the courts of justice. Ky., 212.

-The Legislature may enact general laws regulating the adoption of children, emancipation of minors, changing of names, and the granting of divorces; but no special laws shall be enacted relating to particular or individual cases. La., 234.

-All causes of marriage, divorce and alimony, and all appeals from the Judges of Probate, shall be heard and determined by the Governor and Council until the Legislature shall, by law, make other provision. Mass., 290.

3 kind, shall be

-Divorces from the bon
granted, but in cases pro
chancery. Miss., 343.
-The Legislature shall
or grant any divorce.
--All causes of marriage
all appeals from the res
shall be heard and tried i
the Legislature shall by
N. H., 498.

-The General Assembly
general laws regulating
shall not have power to
alimony in any ind.vi lual
-The General Assembly
exercise any judicial powe
ferred. Ohio, 435.

--The Legislature shall not
annulling the contract of n
by law, the courts of thi
hereafter may be, empowe
Pa., 462.

-The Legislature shall h
divorces, but may authoriz
grant them for such causes
law; Provided, That such
form throughout the State.
-The General Assembly sh
the power to grant divore
persons, and direct the sale
infants and other persons und
shall not, by special legislati
cases, or in any other case
other tribunals may have juri

L

several counties, and of the city of Baltimore, who shall hold said election after at least twenty days' notice, exclusive of the day of election. He shall peaform such duties as are now required of the Commissioner of the Land Office, or such as may hereafter be prescribed by law, and shall also be the keeper of the chancery records. He shall receive a salary of two thousand dollars per annum, to be paid out of the treasury, and shall charge such fees as are now or may be hereafter fixed by law. He shall make a semi-annual report of all the fees of his office, both ; as Commissioner of the Land Office and as Keeper of the Chancery Records, to the Comptroller of the Treasury, and shall pay the same semi-annually into the treasury. In case of vacancy in such office by death, resignation or other cause, the Governor shall fill such vacancy until the next general election for members of the General Assembly thereafter, when a Commissioner of the Land Office shall be elected for the full term of six years ensuing. Md., 273. -No lease or grant of agricultural lands, reserving any rent, or service of any kind, shall be valid for a longer period than twenty years. Iowa, 184.

-None of the lands granted by Congress to the State of Louisiana for aiding in constructing the necessary levees and drains, to reclaim the swamp and overflowed lands of the State, shall be diverted from the purposes for which they were granted. La., 235. -All lands in this State heretofore vested in the State by forfeiture, or by purchase at the sheriff's sales for delinquent taxes, and not released or exonerated by the laws thereof, or by the operation of the preceding section, may be redeemed by the former owners by payment to this State of the amount of taxes and damages due thereon at the time of such redemption, within five years from the day this Constitution goes into operation; and all such lands not so released, exonerated or redeemed, shall be treated as forfeited, and proceeded against aud sold as provided. W. Va., 557.

-The former owner of any tract of land in this State sold under the provisions of this article shall be entitled to receive the excess of the sum for which such tract may be sold over the taxes and damages charged and chargeable thereon, and the costs, if his claim be filed in the Circuit Court which decreed the sale, within two years thereafter. W. Va., 557.

-The Legislature shall have power to extend this Constitution and the jurisdiction of this State over any territory acquired by compact with any State, or with the United States, the same being done by consent of the United States. La., 235.

PERPETUITIES-MONOPOLIES.

-That perpetuities and monopolies are contrary to the genius of a republic, and shall not be allowed; [N. C., 422; Tenn., 491], nor shall any hereditary

6 sand seven

7 repealed or

8 in force, sha 9 as the Legis

10 common law.

11 this Constitut emoluments, privileges conferred in this State. -Nor shall the law of ever be in force in this S -That monopolies are o of a free government and and ought not to be suffe -That no hereditary emol shall ever be granted or e 335; Ohio, 433; Tenn., 4 -That no title of nobility privilege, or distinction, -No law shall be passed class of citizens, privileges the same terms, shall not -The rights of primogeni Or., 448. lished, and there shall not provision for the equitable of intestates. S. C., 488. -No perpetuities shall be mosynary purpose. Cal., -That the future Legisla regulate entails, in such a n petuities, N. C., 426; Vt.,

zens.

RIGHTS OF

(1). N. Y., (1821) 43. -No distinction shall ever b and aliens in reference to the descent of property. Kan., 1 -Foreigners who are, or wh bona fide residents of this Sta rights in respect to the pos inheritance of property, as nat J7; Iowa, 184; Nev., 380; M -White foreigners, who are residents of this State, shall e espect to the possession, enj property as native-born citizen Assembly shall have power to the immigration to this State to become citizens of the Uni 7

resented to the Legislature for adoption.

tion, shall contiuue, and all indictments which shall have been found, or which may hereafter be found, for any crime or offense committed before the adoption of this Constitution, may be proceeded upon as if no change had taken place. The several courts of law and equity, except as herein otherwise provided, shall continue with the like powers and jurisdiction as if this Constitution had not been adopted. N. J., 420.

--Such parts of the common law as are now in force in the Territory of Wisconsin, not inconsistent with this Constitution, shall be and continue part of the law of this State until altered or suspended by the Legislature. Wis., 575.

-The compact with the State of Virginia, subject to such alterations as may be made therein agreeably to the mode prescribed by the said compact, shall be considered as part of this Constitution. Ky., 220. [Corresponding provisions in many States, with reference to territorial grants, rights and privileges.]

-All laws of force in this State at the adoption of this Constitution, and not repugnant hereto, shall so continue until altered or repealed, except where they are temporary, in which case they shall expire at the times respectively limited for their duration, if not continued by act of the General Assembly. S. C.,

487.

-The laws, public records and the judicial and legislative written proceedings of the State shall be promulgated, preserved, and conducted in the language in which the Constitution of the United States is written. La., 233.

REVISION OF THE LAWS.

-At its first session, after the adoption of this Constitution, the General Assembly shall appoint not more than three persons, learned in the law, whose duty it shall be to revise and arrange the statute laws of this Commonwealth, both civil and criminal, so as to have but one law on any one subject; and, also, three other persons, learned in the law, whose duty it shall be to prepare a code of practice for the courts, both civil and criminal, in this Commonwealth, by abridging and simplifying the rules of practice and laws in relation thereto; all of whom shall, at as early a day as practicable, report the result of their labors to the General Assembly, for their adoption or modification. Ky., 221.

-No general revision of the laws shall hereafter be made. When a reprint thereof becomes necessary! the Legislature, in joint convention, shall appoint a suitable person to collect together such acts and parts of acts as are in force, and without alteration, arrange them under appropriate heads and titles. The laws so arranged shall be submitted to two commissioners

10 porate, or

11 or other pr

appointed by the G certified by them to general laws in force.

as shall be prescribed -The Legislature, a tion of this Constitutio ment of three commis

to inquire into, revise tice, pleadings, forms a system adapted to the and report the same their modification and sion shall terminate upo unless otherwise provid -The Legislature shall code of laws by general code of laws; but in all provisions of the laws it -It shall also be the du within five years after t tion, and within every s to make provision by la and promulgation of al State, both civil and cri -Within five years afte stitution, the laws, civil a digested and arranged, an ner as the General Asse revision, digest and pro within every subsequent 93; nearly similar, Tex., 5 -The Legislature shall, a be, provide by law for asc parts of statutes shall con this State; for reducing General Assembly into s them in such manner,

tha

of them may be generall Inspectors and Judges of the same in such manner guard the rights of the cit better securing personal lib ily redressing all wrongf more certainly obtaining re for dividing lands and tener where they will bear a divi as may be without spoiling tising and making the sales such times and places as ma eficial to all persons concer schools, and promoting arts -The General Assembly, a adoption of this Constituti appointment of three Comm