satisfactory, and control by patronage was Jacobin societies in France during the increasing. The lack of homogeneous leadership threatened the effective force of Parliament in the chaos of ministries, whilst George III. allowed no opportunity of regaining control for the Crown to escape him. It was natural, then, that advanced politicians, recalling the advantages gained by the great Whig revolution of 1688, should organize to debate methods of frustrating the growing power of the Crown. The Bill of Rights Society undertook to raise funds to pay Wilkes's debts, and when Horne applied for assistance on behalf of a printer named Bingley, who was in prison on account of his connexion with reprinting The North Briton, the majority of the members declined to accede to any request until Wilkes's obligations were fully met. At a meeting held April 9, 1771, Horne said that "the society had become nothing more than a scene of personal quarrel; the public interests were absorbed in the petty faction of one individual; that regularity, decency, order, and concord were banished together.' He therefore moved: That the society should be dissolved." As this motion was not carried the minority adjourned to another room, where they formed a new body known as the "Constitutional Society."' This society gained notoriety during the American War. On June 7, 1775, some of the members passed a resolution which was published in the newspapers, and which resulted in Horne being fined 2007. with imprisonment for one year, and in the printers of the newspapers being fined for libel. It directed that a subscription should be raised on behalf of our beloved American fellowsubjects" who had preferred death to slavery," and were for that reason only inhumanly murdered by the king's troops at the Lexington skirmish, April 19, 1775. This society evidently expired with the incarceration of its leader, but the Society for Constitutional Information was formed to take its place in 1780. Its objects were the instruction of the people in their political rights and the advocacy of parliamentary reform. The Duke of Richmond, Pitt, Fox, Sheridan, and Capell Lofft were among its early members. They, however, soon detached themselves, but Horne-Tooke, Major Cartwright, Mr. Wyvill, and others continued to support it in its demand for universal suffrage. It held an annual dinner on Dec. 16, that being the date when the Bill of Rights passed into law. It continued for about fifteen years, and took an active part in corresponding with the 66 66 66 Revolution. Together with the Revolution Society (1788-91), it was attacked by Burke in his Reflections on the Revolution in France.' Many of the most active members of one society were also attached to the other, notably Samuel Favell, who joined the Society for Constitutional Information scon after Sir William Jones became a member of it, and was one of the most active supporters of the Revolution Society during the whole of its existence. Another and more violent society, the Corresponding Society, was formed to link up these societies with similar societies in the provinces and with the revolutionary societies in France. There is much information on the activities of these societies in The Annual Register for the years 1792-4, whilst the activities of the provincial Constitutional Societies are fully discussed in John Waddington's 'Congregational History, 1700-1800,' London, 1876. THOMAS Wм. HUCK. 38, King's Road, Willesden Green, N.W. MR. HORACE BLEACKLEY can obtain the facts concerning this society and the Radical activities of the time in : G. S. Veitch, The Genesis of Parliamentary Reform.'-An excellent record of the events of the period. men. · H. N. Brailsford, Shelley, Godwin, and their Circle.'-A spirited monograph in 64 The Home University Library.' C. B. R. Kent, The English Radicals.'—A general survey which touches the activities of these Walter Phelps Hall, British Radicalism,' 17911797.-A Columbia University thesis which gives a synthesis of the Radical thought of the time. W. T. Laprade, England and the French from Johns Hopkins Revolution.'-A thesis University. Trial of John Horne Tooke.'-To be found in Howell's State Trials' and in several contemporary shorthand accounts published in book-form. Records of the chairmen and members present at the meeting were brought into court. Also other trials, of Hardy, Thelwall, Sinclair, Margarot, &c. Blackwood's Magazine for July and August, 1833, gives an original and unpleasant inter pretation of Tooke's connexion with the Society. In addition there is some slight evidence in the Narrative of Facts relating to the Late Trials,' by Thomas Holcroft (1795); in the Memoirs of Thomas Hardy,' written by himself (1833); in a very valuable collection of MSS. in the British Museum relating to the London Corresponding Society (Add. 2781 ff.); and in the records in the Office of the Privy Council for 1794, particularly May and June (33 Geo. III., 77 ff.). ELBRIDGE COLBY. 11 Torrington Square, W.C. The drawings in these two series illustrate a very wide range of subjects, and include antiquities of every description. The execution varies as to merit, but many of the plates are exceedingly well drawn. ANASTATIC PRINTING (11 S. xii. 359, 403, smaller. Mr. Jewitt edited annual volumes 443; 12 S. i. 13).-Having acquired nearly until 1883, but the next did not appear until all of the volumes issued by two societies 1887. This included drawings for the years formed for issuing drawings by this process, 1884, 1885, and 1886, and was prepared and from inquiry finding that these publica-partly by him, but, owing to his death in tions are not generally known, I think the June, 1886, was completed by William following particulars may be worth record- George Fretton, who also edited vol. xxiii., ing. The prospectus of the Anastatic for the years 1887, 1888, and 1889. This is Drawing Society is dated April 13, 1855, and the latest volume I have seen, and I shall be signed by the Rev. John M. Gresley, Over glad to hear of any others. The members Seile, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, who was the of this society numbered 137 in 1887. The originator and hon. secretary of the society. volumes from 1864 (the earliest I have) until The subscription was half-a-guinea, and 1868 were printed by M. Hoon of Ashbourne, each member contributing drawings was and after this at Cowell's Press, Ipswich. entitled to ten extra impressions of each of these, the size of which was limited to 7 in. by 9 in. The first volume (for 1855) was issued early in 1856. The members then numbered 145, but by the next year they had increased to 267. There are 66 plates in this volume, of which 20 copies in folio (issued at a guinea) and 140 in quarto were printed by Messrs. W. & J. Hextall, Ashby-de-la-Zouch. A volume was issued each year until 1862, but the one for 1863 was not published until 1866, there having been some delay in the completion of the plates. The preface is dated 1863, and to this a note-Nov., 1866-is added stating that in consequence of the death of Mr. Gresley the series of drawings had come to an end. The complete series of this society thus comprises nine volumes, which contain 563 plates. The first four were printed by Hextall, and the remainder by his successor in business, John Barker. In 1859 the Ilam (Staffs) Anastatic Drawing Society was formed by the Rev. G. R. Mackarness, himself an original member of the earlier society. Under his direction nine volumes were issued, the one for 1868 (published 1869) being the last. He was succeeded as secretary by the Rev. W. F. Francis, who was responsible for the volumes issued from 1870 until 1873. From the references in later volumes, and the numbering, it appears that nothing was published in 1874 or 1875, when the editorship passed into the hands of Llewellynn Jewitt. The volume for 1873 is numbered xiii.; those for 1876 and 1877 are not numbered, but 1878 is vol. xvi. In 1876 the word "Ilam" is omitted from the title-page. In the preface to this volume Mr. Jewitt writes as if the original Anastatic had been amalgamated with the Ilam Society, but this, it is evident, was not the case. The lists of members of the latter are, with the exception of a few names, entirely different from those of Mr. Gresley's society, and the number very much A report of Faraday's lecture on the process was published in The Polytechnic Review for May, 1845, and reprinted later in The Medical Times. Poole gives references to papers in The Southern Literary Messenger, xi. 383, and Littell's Living Age, v. 56, 534 (in addition to that given by MR. HUMPHREYS). 6 The earliest reference given in the Oxford Dictionary' is 1849, a paper on the process having been read by H. E. Strickland at the meeting of the British Association in 1848. The title only is given in the Report dated 1849. It will be seen from MR. HUMPHREYS'S reply that the word is of older date. Gloucester. ROLAND AUSTIN. starch used as an adhesive; apparently he does not intentionally touch the leather; but the tit, when snapping up the dainty morsels, occasionally pulls off a dry speck of leather; hence his share in the damage. it Drastic measures should at once be taken to ensure complete removal, or the pest will spread all over the premises. Powerful sulphur fumigation, followed by the stripping of the walls, should be thoroughly undertaken. After stripping off the paper, should be burnt in the room, to avoid transference of any insects elsewhere; and the walls should be washed in a strong solution of Jeyes's Cyllin. Repapering should not be proceeded with for at least a fortnight, during which time fumigation should be repeated as many times as a thorough searching shows it to be necessary. All bookshelves should be washed in the same solution, and all books, as far as possible, should be opened somewhat and left standing upon their edges in order that the sulphur fumes may have full access. I found that the insects actually burrowed into the wall-plaster in pursuit of the paste that had soaked in; hence the necessity of thorough disinfection. E. W. Finchley. * LOATH TO DEPART' (11 S. xii. 460: 12 S. i. 14).—This was originally, no doubt, a special song or tune, but gradually it became a common term for any song or tune played on taking leave of friends. Some of our regiments when ordered on foreign service play The Girl I've left behind Me.' This is their Loath Depart.' to Chappell gives a lute tune with this title, and quotes Teonge, and also gives quotations from Tarleton, Beaumont and Fletcher, &c. Edward Jones in his Relics of the Welsh Bards' gives an old tune of a melancholy character which he calls Anhawydd Ymadael-Loath to Depart.' I think I have also met with an Irish tune with this title. Teonge's Diary' is a very interesting book. It contains an early mention of cricket and muted or flatted trumpets; and his list of ships is useful for comparison with that given by Pepys. JOSEPH C. BRIDGE. LETTER-BOOKS OF CHESTER (11 S. xii. 462). These have not been published as a whole, but extracts have been given in several works. MR. KENNY should read 'Chester during the Plantagenet and Tudor Periods,' by the Rev. Canon Morris, as it contains valuable extracts from our city archives. Apply for a copy to Griffith & Co., printers, Grosvenor Street, Chester; or look: out for a second-hand copy, which costs about ten shillings. Then the Historical MSS. Commission Report on Chester should be studied. Dr. Furnivall also published some of the letters, but I cannot call to mind the exact publication. If MR. KENNY will write me direct, I shall be pleased to help him in any way I can. JOSEPH C. BRIDGE. Chester. CAROL WANTED (11 S. xii. 461, 508).—I have a small pamphlet entitled 'Nine Antient and Goodly Carols for the Merry Tide of Christmass,' by Edmund Sedding, published by Novello & Co., 1864. One of these. nine carols is evidently theL one your correspondent is looking for. The first send a copy of the seven verses. verse is almost exactly as quoted by M. G. W. P. 1. All you that are to mirth inclined, Chorus. For to redeem our souls from thrall He is the Saviour of us all. 2. The night before that happy tide, 3. That night the Virgin Mary mild 4. With thankful hearts and joyful mind 5. Within a manger was He laid; 6. Three Eastern Wise Men from afar, Came boldly on, and made no stay 7. And being come unto the place Mr. Edmund Sedding, who was well known as an architect as well as a musician, in his preface states that the words of this carol are given in the Garland of Goodwill,' &nd that it is therein called 'The Sinner's Redemption.' This was a publication by THE OBSERVANT BABE (11 S. xii. 439, 505). Thomas Deloney, the first edition appar- -W. W. Rouse Ball in his Primer of the ently being in 1596. Lowndes describes the History of Mathematics' records of the book as a collection of local tales and his- well-known mathematician Poisson (1781torical ditties in verse, which has run through | 1840):— numerous editions, and was till very lately printed as a chapbook. Mr. Sedding appears to have brought out several sets of carols recovered from ancient times during the years 1862, 1863, and 1864. A. H. ARKLE. Elmhurst, Oxton, Birkenhead. KENNETT, M.P. (11 S. xii. 481).-In the Blue-book of Members of Parliament, part i. 1213-1702, the name Kennett does not appear in the index. This does not prove the negative, as the early returns are not always complete. In the Parliament of 1383 Johannes Kent, mercer, was one of the two members for Reading. The name occurs again, without description, in that of 1389/90, and again in that of 1403. Later, Reading had, as one of its two members, Simon Kent in the three Parliaments of 1446/7, 1448/9, 1449. In the last he is described as mercer, and his colleague Thomas Clerk as draper. VANISHING LONDON: BAKER'S CHOPHOUSE (11 S. xii. 500).—It is a pleasure to be able to supplement MR. REGINALD JACOBS'S interesting note, and assure lovers of old London that the demolition of this house has been postponed, and there is every probability of its being preserved and continued in its present uses for many years. It is doubtful if any of the coffee-houses of 'Change Alley can claim association with the early seventeenth century; Garraway's probably dates from the Restoration, but to Baker's there is no reference earlier than the advertisement cited by MR. JACOBS. See The Grasshopper in Lombard Street,' by J. Biddulph Martin, 1892, p. 214, &c. ALECK ABRAHAMS. "His father had been a common soldier....The boy was put out to nurse, and he used to tell how one day his father, coming to see him, found that the nurse had gone out on pleasure bent, while she had left him suspended by a small cord to a nail fixed in the wall. This, she explained, was a necessary precaution to prevent him from perishing under the teeth of the various animals and insects that roamed on the floor. Poisson used to add that his gymnastic efforts carried him incessantly from one side to the other, and it was thus in his tenderest infancy that he commenced those studies on the pendulum that were to occupy so large a part of his mature age. This may be of some interest to your readers. F. M. R. NELSON MEMORIAL RINGS (11 S. xii. 233, 361, 402, 469). The letter of MR. GEO. W. G. BARNARD of Norwich (11 S. xii. 469) is one of the most interesting of the series on this subject. It not only reveals the fact that there are memorial rings to Admiral Lord Nelson in existence other than those provided for his funeral, but also shows that these have receptacles for his hair. The sixty memorial rings made by John Salter for the executors are black enamel with gilt letters side by side. MR. BARNARD describes his ring as oval, "with the letters N. B., above which is a viscount's coronet with the cap, and below a ducal coronet without the cap, all in blue enamel." He adds that there is no inscription nor hall-mark, and (apparently) there is no hair in the locket at the back of the oval. In the list that MR. PAGE gives of rings lent to the Royal Naval Exhibition at Chelsea in 1891 there are no fewer than three with hair-one with an inscription, lent by Messrs. Lambert & Co., and another by Miss A. J. Grindall. The question therefore is, For whom and by whom were the memorial rings with hair made, and are they all similar? It is well known that Sir Thomas Hardy cut off and brought to England the Admiral's hair, and that it was somewhat lavishly distributed by Lady Hamilton. But did she cause it to be put into rings for presentation, or did the recipients of the relics themselves have the rings made? Unfortunately John Salter's successors in the Strand cannot answer the former question, for they say that the present firm (Messrs. Widdows & Veal) do not possess Salter's books of that period; but they state that they have themselves repaired Salter's original memorial rings, and have made copies to replace lost ones. There exists a bill of "John Salter to Lady Hamilton, from Jan., 1800, to 1803," and among the "items" are many presents; so that if she gave Temorial rings after 1806 she probably employed his firm to make them. After her death in 1813" the effects of Lady Hamilton, deceased," were advertised to be sold by auction by Messrs. Abbott at the instigation of a Mr. McGorman and other creditors, and Salter was instructed to safeguard Miss Nelson's" interests by inspecting the catalogue before the sale to ascertain if any of the articles belonged to her. His bill for examining the inventory, and for making three fair copies thereof, and for giving notice to Abbott," &c., amounted to 31. 58. 10d. In vol. vii. p. 389 of Sir Harris Nicolas's 'Nelson's Dispatches' is the account of Lord Nelson's visit to the shop of John Salter very early in the morning af Aug. 30, 1805, together with a copy of a paper in the possession of Mrs. Salter relating to the purchases he then made. 66 66 If any reader can give a detailed description of the diamond memorial ring, with Nelson's hair and inscription at the back, lent by Messrs. Lambert & Co. to the Chelsea Exhibition, it would be a valuable addition to the lore already collected by N. & Q.' on the subject of Nelson memorial rings. THOMAS FOLEY. Ento her greatness should their wat’ry tribute pay. The note to "Trent " by the Rev. R. Hooper in his edition of 1876 is to the effect that the word means "thirty." S. L. PETTY. It is the merit of Dr. Henry Bradley to have first discovered the ancient name of the River Trent, "Trisantona," by his ingenious emendation of Tacitus's Annal., xii. 31, and, simultaneously, to have identified with it the River Transhannonus, Trahannonus, or Trannonus of Nennius's Historia Britonum' (cf. his two letters to The Academy, vol. xxiii., of April 28 and May 19, 1883). 66 As to the original sense of this river-name, a foot-note may deserve to be quoted which occurs in Jos. Stevenson's edition of Nennii Historia Britonum' (Lond., 1838), on p. 56, viz., that its (Cymric or Ancient Welsh) equivalent appears to have been the “ Traeth Annwn," i.e., the Tract or Shore of the deep (sea) or region of the British Neptune. Nennius describes the estuary of the Trent among the topographical wonders of Britain: "Östium Trans Hannoni fluminis, quia in una unda instar montis ad sissam tegit littora, et recedit, ut cetera maria " (1.c.), thus alluding to the famous "Eagre, or tide-waves of its mouth, reaching as far back as Gainsborough" on its shore. H. KREBS. 6 NATHANIEL LEE, THE DRAMATIST (11 S. xii. 502).—It is hardly correct to say that Lee," according to Lord Rochester, was well lasht' by the head master Busby." The lines to which reference is made, and which occur in Rochester's 'Horace's Tenth Satire of the First Book Imitated,' bear, as will be seen, a rather different signification. I quote from the Rochester of 1739— The Works of the Earls of Rochester, Roscomon, and Dorset....,' 2 vols. :— When Lee makes temp'rate Scipio fret and rave, |