LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 8, 1916.

CONTENTS.- No. 2.

NOTES:-The Baddeley Cake at Drury Lane, 21- The
Tragedy of Mariam,' 22-Did Fielding write Shamela'?
Willis at North Hinksey, 26-An Early Circulating
24-Col. John Hayes St. Leger-Epitaphs of Finmore and
Library-"Murray's Railway Reading," 27.

which all the company of Drury Lane are entitled to do now if they like, as His Majesty's servants.

Accordingly on Baddeley's death it was found that he had generously left a fund in trust for a Twelfth Night cake. I was unable to find any authoritative account created. There is no copy at Drury Lane of Baddeley's will by which this trust_was

tion from the official records. The will is a very long one, over sixty folios, occuping upwards of six large folio pages. The following is an extract from it :

:

QUERIES:-Anglican Clerks in Non-Anglican Orders, 27-Theatre, the late James Fernandez had none,
Dublin Topography c. 1700-A Lost Love,' by Ashford neither has the present trustee. I have,
Owen-Thomas May, Recorder of Chichester, 28-M. Bel- therefore, obtained the following informa-
mayne, the French Schoolmaster-The Meteor, or
Monthly Censor-Arthur Hughes, the Pre-Raphaelite-
Authors Wanted-Village Pounds-Oil-Painting-Archer:
Bowman-Parish Registers-'L'Espion Anglois,' 29-
Regimental Nicknames-Nodding Mandarins-Sir George
Mouat Keith-John Whitfield, Actor-Passage of Funeral
through Church-Ann Cook-Glacé Kid Gloves, 30.
REPLIES:-The Society for Constitutional Information, 30
-Anastatic Printing-Enemies of Books, 32- Loath to
Depart-Letter-Books of Chester-Carol Wanted, 33-
Kennett, M.P.-Napoleon's Bequest to Cantillon-Vanish-
ing London: Baker's Chop-House-The Observant Babe
-Nelson Memorial Rings, 34-The Meaning of "Trent
-Nathaniel Lee, the Dramatist, 35-Thunder Family-
Duchesses who have married Commoners' Comic
Arundines Cami'- Undergraduates as Officers of the
Reserve Forces, 36-War and Money-Elder Folk-Lore-
"Lyulph": Christmas Numbers-J. S. Brewer and E. C.
Brewer-Tigers' Whiskers, 37-Dr. Philip Doddridge
Song Wanted-Water of the Nile-Churches used for the
Election of Municipal Officers-T. Griffin Tarpley-Moira
Coals-Armorial Bearings Sought, 38.

NOTES ON BOOKS:-'A Bibliography of Unfinished
Books in the English Language'-Reviews and Magazines.
Notices to Correspondents.

Notes.

THE BADDELEY CAKE AT
DRURY LANE.

(See ante, p. 1.)

THE Drury Lane Twelfth Night cakecutting arises under the will of Robert Baddeley. The origin of the custom, which has been kept up for over one hundred years, has been stated to be as follows:

One year Baddeley went into the Green Room on Twelfth Night, and noticed all the company were dull and moping round the fire;

so he immediately sent out for cake and punch, and said, as long as he could prevent it, such a thing should never occur again, meaning, of course, the depression of his brother and sister artists; for Twelfth Night in those days was always a night of festivity. Robert Baddeley was the last of the actors who availed himself of the privilege of wearing the Royal livery,

"Robert Baddeley of New Store Street Bedford Square in the County of Middlesex and of Drury Lane Theatre Comedian. . . I hereby direct that the sum of One hundred pounds Stock in the Three per Cent. Consolidated Bank Annuities may be purchased immediately after my decease if not found there at that time And if there found there to be continued until the said Stock shall or may be paid off And in that instance then to be placed out in some other Stock or Perpetuity or Fund to procure as nearly as possible the Annual Sum of Three Pounds which Annual Sum of Three Pounds I direct shall be applied and expended in the purchase of a twelfth Cake or Cakes and Wine or Punch or both of them which Cake and Wine or Punch it is my request the Ladies and Gentlemen Performers of Drury Lane Theatre (or wheresoever the performances lately Exhibited at that Theatre may be carried on) will do me the favour to accept on twelfth night in every Year in the Green Room or by whatever other Appellation may be known what is now understood to be the Great Green Room the care of which bequest I leave to the Directors of the said last mentioned Theatre for the time being or whoever they shall appoint as Master of the Ceremonies on that Occasion who shall give at least three days' notice thereof to the Company at large." Dated April 23, 1792. Proved at London, 18 Dec., 1794, by Catherine Strickland, spinster, Thomas Brand and Richard Wroughton, Esquires, the Executors named in the Will."

It may be noticed that the wording is in legal style, with no punctuation; the context must be clear without any. The above Consols bequest is a fine piece of drafting; it clinches everything. There is no loophole as there was in the case of the "Asylum devise. How could so skilful a lawyer as he who drew the will make such a failure of the devise of freehold house property at Moulsey (which Baddeley desired should be used as a home for decayed actors) that the devise was declared void under the Statute of Mortmain? A large portion of the will is occupied by directions as to the carrying out of this trust, which was to be called "The Society for the relief of indigent

.

persons belonging to His Majesty's company always rest on his being the founder of of comedians of the Theatre Royal, Drury" Birch's" in Cornhill. The shop is still a Lane," and for short, "Baddeley's Asylum.' popular resort, and still has the iron front I fear this would have turned out as great a failure as some similar bequests, seeing that retired actors want congenial company. They declined to live at the "Dramatic College," because they did not like solitary confinement, notwithstanding that they had an uninterrupted view of green fields all round their asylum," with the occasional delight of seeing trains pass.

T. P. Cooke, celebrated as the sailor "William" in Jerrold's Black-Eyed Susan,' a part he acted 833 times between June, 1829, and his retirement from the stage in 1861, left what the late Joseph Knight in the 'D.N.B.' calls "the insufficient amount

of 2,000l. to the Dramatic College"; but the object for which he left it was such a failure that when the Royal Dramatic College was wound up the bequest was too (see 8 S. iv. 62, July 22, 1893).

men.

Robert Baddeley was for many years a member of the Drury Lane Company, and is said to have been an inferior actor of old men, but an excellent one of Jews and FrenchIn early life he spent some time in France, travelling as valet to a gentleman, and he made the best of his time while there, as he not only performed his ordinary duties, but became sufficiently expert_to serve afterwards as cook to Samuel Foote, the celebrated comedian.

actor at

Baddeley made his first appearance as an the Haymarket Theatre (then under Foote's management), June 28, 1760, as Sir William Wealthy in 'The Minor.' He was soon afterwards engaged at Drury Lane, where he was the original representative of Canton in' The Clandestine Marriage, and Moses in 'The School for Scandal.' While dressing for the last-named part on the night of Oct. 19, 1794, he was seized with illness, and conveyed to his house in Store Street, Bedford Square, where he died on the following day in his 61st year.

Baddeley's wife predeceased him.

Both

he and his son (who died before his father) are buried at St. Paul's, Covent Garden.

It seems worth while to note that so great a dramatic critic as W. Clark Russell considered Baddeley and his wife to be representative actors of their day.

Alderman Birch, pastrycook and dramatist, for many years till his death, was in the habit of supplementing Baddeley's gift. Birch's most successful play was The Adopted Child,' 1795, but I cannot find that it was ever printed. His fame must

(the first in London) which he put in, with "Birch, Birch & Co." over it, as correctly depicted in Chambers's Book of Days, 1869, vol. i., under January. The original kitchen in the basement is also still in use with the oven, which extends underneath and beyond the footway.

Your contributor MR. WILLIAM DOUGLAS has assisted me in identifying the characters in West's print, and generally in composing this article; in fact, without his professional knowledge of actors and the literature of the stage I could not have written it. He informs me that it was the custom to drink in solemn silence "To the memory of Baddeley's skull," but other toasts are now given. Of late years the managers of "Old Drury have added to Baddeley's gift. The late Sir Augustus Harris was extremely generous in promoting the festivity of the annual celebration, contributing as much as 8 hundred pounds. There were probably over one hundred guests. The Drury Lane Green Room no longer exists, having been converted to other purposes some years ago.

RALPH THOMAS.

"THE TRAGEDY OF MARIAM.'

(Malone Society's Reprints, 1914.) THE following notes are supplementary to those given by the Malone Society's editors, Mr. A. C. Dunstan and Dr. W. W. Greg. In some cases they afford explanations which no doubt appeared to the editors to be obvious, but which perhaps would not be obvious at first sight to all their readers. In others they suggest emendations, in some cases different from those which the editors have proposed. It should be stated that the editors do not profess to emend their text, though as a matter of fact they have suggested many emendations, some of which are very happy and ingenious.

Line 46. Assent (= Ascent).-Cp. 1. 713.
Line 70. To be punctuated "your admirer, and
my Lord."

Line 153. thinke.-Read "thanke."
Line 187. leeke.-The

seeke.'" But "leeke

editors say read is probably right. This form of "like" is found in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries according to the N.E.D., which gives a quotation from T. Howell's Deuises (1581): Wante makes the Lyon stowte, a slender pray to leeke."

Line 190. bare (=bar).—Cp. II. 316 and 1020. Line 203. And part.-The editors' suggestion, "Apart," would hardly help the sense. For

So light as her possessions for most day Is her affections lost, to me tis knowne. The editors would read losse for lost," but it appears to me they would still not get the Constabarus is speaking of Salome's fickleness, not of his own feelings with regard to" her. I am inclined to read :

Line 1719. The worlds mandates.-The_line did not hesitate to out-herod Richardson

"Their wordles mandates." The changes of

66

is short and the sense unsatisfactory. Read in indelicacy when satirizing the absurd "yr" to ye" and "wordles to "worldes and wholly unnatural situations into which are both very easy, and a good sense is obtained. the characters in Pamela' were forced. Cp. Shakspeare, Lucrece,' ll. 111, 112:— Probably Conny Keyber" would have left Richardson and his anæmic creations alone, had not the clergy (e.g. Dr. Benjamin Slocock of St. Saviour's, Southwark) extolled the book in public, ranking it as next to the Bible. The author of Shamela laments, in all seriousness,

Her joy with heaved up hand she doth express,
And wordless so greets heaven.
Line 1751. The Hittits.-Read
(sc. Uriah).

The Hittite "

Line 1853.-What art thou that dost poor Mariam pursue ?-We should probably omit "thou or

that."

Line 1918. The line should end with a colon.
Line 1924. to be.-Read “to beg.'

"the confederating to cry up a nonsensical,

Line 1936. The line should end with a full-stop. ridiculous book, and to be so weak and wicked

Line's 1937-9.

DID FIELDING WRITE 'SHAMELA'?
IN November, 1740, was issued Richardson's
Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded,' an amplifi-
cation of his previously published 'Familiar
Letters,' and it rapidly attained as full a
measure of popularity as its author could
have desired. Amid the din of applause a
note of disapproval was sounded by the
appearance of a brochure of some seventy
pages announced in the Register of Books
of The Gentleman's Magazine for April, 1741
(p. 224), thus: "Item 20. An Apology for
the Life of Mrs. Shamela Andrews. Price
18. 6d. Dodd." On its title-page Shamela'
purports to be the work of Mr. Conny
Keyber, a satirical reference to Colley
Cibber, who, earlier in 1740, had published
his famous Apology,' for which he was
"devilishly worked by Fielding in the

celebrated trial of the Poet Laureate for an attempted murder of the English language, in The Champion of May 17, 1740.

as to pretend to make it a matter of Religion; whereas, so far from having any moral tendency, the bock is by no means innocent."

6

The extrinsic evidence stands thus. Miss Clara Thomson ('Samuel Richardson,' 1900) finds that Richardson ascribed Shamela to Fielding in a letter to Mrs. Belfour (Richardson's Correspondence,' iv. 286, 1804). Mr. Austin Dobson, while examining the Richardson correspondence at South Kensington, found a document in which Shamela' is mentioned, with a note thereon, in Richardson's own script: Written by Mr. H. Fielding.” But evidence more cogent is afforded by a letter written in July, 1741, by Mr. T. Dampier, afterwards sub-master of Eton and Dean of Durham, to

one of the Windhams :

The book that has made the greatest noise

lately in the polite world is Pamela,' a romance in low life. It is thought to contain such excellent precepts that a learned divine at London recommended it very strongly from the pulpit....The dedication [of Conyers Middleton's Life of Cicero '] to Lord Hervey has been very justly and prettily ridiculed by Fielding in a dedication to a pamphlet called Shamela,' which he wrote to burlesque the fore-mentioned romance."-Hist MSS. Commission, 12th Report, Appendix, part ix. p. 204; also Austin Dobson's Fielding,' 1909, p. 210.

Furthermore, Fielding was acquainted with Dodd, the publisher of Shamela.' He had printed Fielding's 'Masquerade in 1728, and Fielding makes a very friendly reference to his bookshop (the Peacock, without Temple Bar) in The Covent Garden

Journal for Jan. 21, 1752. Dodd, too, was at this very time publishing Fielding's Crisis' (see item 5 of Gentleman's Magazine for April, 1741, supra), a political pamphlet of which hitherto only the title has been known. Quite recently, however, a copy o The Crisis' has come to light, and the owner has been good enough to write to me saying that it appears to be Fielding's work.

That Fielding was well versed in Middleton's 'Life of Cicero,' and had, apart from. its dedicatory passages, a high opinion of it, is manifest from his remarks in the Preface to his Enquiry into the Causes of the Increase of Robbers,' 1751.

Nor is it devoid of significance that when Bonnell Thornton made, in 1752, in 'Have at You All, a Drury Lane Journal by Lady Roxana Termagant,' an ill-natured, not to say malicious, attack on Fielding's novel' Amelia,' he referred to it as 'Shamelia.'

Despite these indications, Fielding's biographers have been very shy of attributing 'Shamela' to him. The best bibliography of his works, that supervised by W. E. Henley (Heinemann), makes no mention of it. The British Museum Catalogue is silent, although it is said the Reading Room possesses a copy. Miss Godden in her 'Memoir of Fielding,' 1910, has naught to say on the matter.

The purpose of this note is to offer intrinsic evidence in support of the extrinsic. 'Shamela' is largely composed of Richardson's own language, ironically adapted, but the author occasionally breaks into characteristic expressions and turns of thought, some of which are here set out accompanied by parallel passages from writings unquestionably Fielding's.

'SHAMELA.'

Title-page." By Mr. Conny Keyber."

P. 5, 1. 23.-" Wretches ready to maintain schemes repugnant to the liberty of mankind."

P. 9, I. 22.-" How I long to be in the balcony at the Old House."

P. 11, l. 5.— Your last letter put me into a great hurry of spirits.'

P. 12, 1. 27. I have enclosed you one of Mr. Whitfield's sermons.'

P. 14, 1. 9.—“Ah, child! if you had known the jolly blades of my age."

P. 16, 1. 22.—" Can you forgive me, my injured maid? By heaven, 1 know not whether you are

a man or woman.

P. 23, 1. 5.—“ At the age of 11 only, he met my father without either pulling off his hat, or riding out of the way."

P. 24, 1. 18.—“ Be not righteous overmuch.”

P. 31, 1. 3.—" How sweet is revenge: sure the sermon book is in the right in calling it the sweetest morsel the Devil ever dropped into the mouth of a sinner."

P. 33, 1. 2.—“ Mrs. Jewkes: 'O, sir, I see you know very little of our sect.'

P. 47, 1. 7.—" I am justly angry with that parson whose family hath been raised from the dung-hill by ours.'

P. 52, 1. 9.-"I am sure I know nothing about pollitricks."

P. 52, 1. 24.—“ Spindle-shanked young squire." P. 55, l. 14.—"They sacrifice all the solid comforts of their lives."

P. 55, 1. 33.-" Vice exposed in nauseous and odious colours."

WRITINGS ADMITTEDLY BY FIELDING. "The Author's Farce,' Act I. sc. iv.-“I have been with Mr. Keyber, too."

Joseph Andrews,' I. 17.-" Designing men who have it at heart to establish schemes at the price of the liberty of mankind."

The Temple Beau,' Act II. sc. vi.—" I will meetyou in the balcony at the Old Playhouse."

Amelia,' IV. 2.-" Booth in his present hurry of spirits could not recollect."

Joseph Andrews,' I. 17.-"I would as soon print one of Whitfield's sermons as any farcewhatever."

Miscellanies': A Sailor's Song.'-"Come, let's abroad, my jolly blades."

Joseph Andrews,' IV. 14.-" As I am a Christian, I know not whether she is a man or a