Restriction-National Finances. XII. Legal and Social Status of Foreigners-Immigration. APPENDIX A. Constitution of the Argentine Republic. B. Tariff of the Argentine Republic V Callao street, Buenos Aires-Jesuit convent on the right.. 52 Grand stand, race course, Buenos Aires... 54 Façade of Opera House, Buenos Aires. 55 Private residence on one of the fashionable thoroughfares, Buenos Aires...... 56 80° 76 الجيدة rnacion Gain hu Lg.Colhu Pen Golfo pto Roca uevo derpta Delgada Ninfas Rawson a e 1 CRaso Musters CDosBahias ISLAS MALVINAS Zonda Falkland Stanley MAP OF THE ARGENTINE REPUBLIC REPRODUCED FROM THE LATEST MAP PUBLISHED BY THE ARGENTINE GEOGRAPHICAL INSTITUTE. IsladlosEstados WASHINGTON, D. C. 1893. 48° West of Greenwich. 648 56 52° THE NORRIS PETERS CO., PHOTO-LITHO., WASHINGTON, D. C. 60° 520 48 44° Chapter I.* HISTORICAL SKETCH. In 1516, twenty-four years after the first landing of Columbus on the island of San Salvador, Juan Diaz de Solis, pilot-in-chief of the King of Spain, made the discovery of the Rio de la Plata (river of silver), which he called Mar Dulce (fresh sea), thinking himself in the waters of a sea, instead of those of a river whose banks are so widely separated as to be invisible to the eye of the mariner who sails at an equal distance from each side. Although Solis, and afterwards Cabot, were under the impression that silver could be found on the banks of the newly discovered river (hence its name of Silver River), an impression also shared by the King of Spain, nineteen years elapsed before the first attempt was made by Don Pedro de Mendoza, in 1535, to establish a colony where the city of Buenos Aires now stands, a colony that was soon destroyed by the surrounding Indians. It was in 1580, sixty-four years after the entrance of Solis into the river, that Buenos Aires was definitely founded, by Don Juan de Garay, with only sixty followers, who were left there to form the nucleus of European settlement and of a population that has now reached 600,000. In the meantime, some intrepid explorers had succeeded in marching into the heart of the country and founding cities that afterwards became the capitals of Provinces. In 1661, the conquering Spaniards had subjugated so much territory and established so many colonies that the King of Spain found it necessary to create an Audiencia, or high court, in Buenos Aires, and to appoint a governor and captain-general for the Provinces of the * In the preparation of this Hand-book, the Bureau of the American Republics is under obligations to Lieut. Juan S. Attwell, of the Argentine Navy. Bull. 67-1 |