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It would be very interesting if all such information respecting Cervantes and his great work could be collected, in the same way as the late Mr. Adamson did for Camoens. W. M. M.

A GOOSE TENURE (3rd S. iv. 268, 400.)-For a century and a half, the Lord of Essington, in Staffordshire, was bound to bring a goose on the first day of every year to the Lord of Hilton (an adjoining and superior manor), and drive it thrice round the hall fire, while "Jack of Hilton" was blowing it. He, or his bailiff, had then to carry it to the table, and receive a mess for himself from the Lord of Hilton. The custom ceased on Essington becoming the property of the Vernons the owners of Hilton.

"Jack of Hilton" is still at Hilton Park, where I saw him some three years since. He is very properly kept in a box, as being unfit for general observation. It is a small uncouth image of brass, resting on one knee; one arm on the breast. It is hollow, and perforated-by which the fireblowing part of the performance was effected. I think Plot gives a representation of it.

How or when this image came to Hilton, or was made a party to the Essington tenure, is unknown. I have been informed, however, that a gentleman who had become well versed on the Continent with Pagan antiquities, at once recognised it when shown to him as the god "Poosta (I write from memory). It is a very interesting subject, and one upon which I should wish Mr. Vernon of Harefield would send you a Note.

S. T.

THE GREAT DUKE A CHILD-EATER (3rd S. iv. 412.) At Christmas, either 1828 or 1829, appeared the first volume of Hood's Comic Annual. During the next few years there were sundry other "Comics" published in imitation of it: one, the name of which I cannot call to mind, was meant especially for the young, and in it I remember to have seen the song quoted by A. A. It is many years since I saw this book; but I am nearly certain that it also contains some "lines" in condemnation of punning. The lines commenced:

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"My little dears who learn to read,
Pray early learn to shun
That very silly thing indeed
Which people call a pun.”

I maintain, nevertheless, that a good pun is much to be enjoyed. W. H.

OGLESBY (3rd S. iv. 326.)—This name is not uncommon in the western part of North Lincolnshire. SP. will find it several times in Kelly's Post Office Directory of Lincolnshire, 1855. It occurs also once in the London Directory for 1861, and twice in the Gentleman's Magazine, 1793, July, p. 620; 1800, Feb., p. 185. K. P. D. E.

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RING SAID TO BE OF MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS (3rd S. iv. 396.) It is singular that the only sovereign to whom the insignia and initials, as described, could have belonged, should not have been suggested in the list given. The original seal was, doubtless, that of Queen (regnant) Mary Stuart, wife of King William III. The absence of the motto is confirmatory of this supposition; and I imagine that the escutcheon of pretence of Nassau, invariably borne by her husband, was properly omitted in a seal denoting her separate or distinct sovereign capacity. S. T.

ANONYMOUS WORK (3rd S. iv. 371.) The Letters from the Kingdom of Kerry in the Year 1845, were written by Mrs. Lydia Jane Fisher, youngest daughter of Mary Leadbeater; whose interesting Annals of Ballitore form vol. i. of the well known Leadbeater Papers, published last year by Messrs. Bell & Daldy. Mrs. Fisher was the

editor of that work.

:

Αλιεύς.

MISUSE OF WORDS (3rd S. iv. 407.)—I agree almost entirely with B. R., but the word garble requires a remark. The substantive, mentioned by many old writers on weights and measures, meant refuse and averdupois weight is stated as applying to all substances which have garble. To garble, was to separate the refuse from the valuable part. I suppose the garbler of spices must have been an officer appointed to judge of the refuse, in order to decide on the duty payable.

Aggravate is a word I have always heard ap-, plied to the act of making an angry person more angry it is natural that the word should be transferred from the feeling to the person. Other words have undergone the same alteration. But if aggravate must be restored to original meaning, there is a charming word ready to take its place. I found it in a very amusing book, published about thirty years ago, the Clubs of London. An old horsedealer, a most original personage, exclaims, "It is so aggrivoking!" This compound of aggravate and provoke has all the force of both words, in sound as well as in meaning,

A. DE MORGAN.

'SWING (3ra S. iv. 398.) - At the time of the fires, the written notices signed "Swing" were very often, if not most frequently, directed against agricultural machines, pursuant to the notion that

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"THE MONKEY WHO HAD SEEN THE WORLD"

out "

(3rd S. iv. 400.) When a boy in the country, I had given to me a nice edition of Gay's Fables, with pictures. To "The Monkey," &c. was prefixed a picture containing an animal in bag-wig, tawdry jacket, spiky sword, and other absurdities; all which made him a funny creature. A few years afterwards, I learnt to find my way about the streets of London. One day, turning from St. James's Square into Pall Mall, I came suddenly, without a moment's warning, in front of a young fop dressed exactly to the pattern I had so often laughed at. I had very nearly cried The monkey who has seen the world!!!" I followed him a little way-I had seen the sweeps on May-day not long before-expecting that he would stop before some house, and dance, or tumble, or do something for his living; but he walked on. I then turned back, and immediately afterwards met an elderly man, beyond doubt an educated gentleman, in the very same kind of dress, arm-in-arm with a general officer in full uniform and several stars; these were followed by others of the same types. On making inquiry, I found that the levée had just finished; and that the monkey-jacket, cheese-toaster, &c., which I had always fancied were invented by some clever artist to make a monkey look more like a monkey than he was by nature, were parts of the dress which grave men were expected to wear when they paid their respects to the sovereign! This was more than forty years ago, and I believe some of the trappings have been abolished. M.

INKSTAND (3rd S. iv. 348, 418.)-A correspondent immediately furnished me with the address

at which these inkstands can be obtained: Dufour, 17A, Great George Street, Westminster. I have one now in use, and I think it decidedly the best I ever possessed. This inkstand has the moveable cover for the top of the cup.

A. DE MORGAN.

CURIOUS CIRCUMSTANCE (3rd S. iv. 409.)—I send you the record of a circumstance even still more curious than that given last week by your correspondent MR. G. F. CHAMBERS : —

"SIX BROTHER PRIESTS. It is scarcely likely that a scene which took place at the Feast of our Lady of Mount Carmel, at St. Chad's Church, Manchester, perhaps ever occurred before, or that any father had the happiness of not only having six sons called to the Holy ministry, but to see them all at the altar at the same time; yet

such was the fact on Sunday last, when the following brothers were at the altar at St. Chad's at the Holy Very Rev. Canon Edward Browne of St. Werburgh's, Sacrifice, and in the evening sang vespers together: the Birkenhead; the Very Rev. Canon Richard Browne, St. Ann's, Leeds; the Rev. Joseph Browne, St. Andrew's, Newcastle-on-Tyne; the Rev. Henry Browne, St. Mary's, Manchester; the Rev. J. F. Browne, St. Chad's, Manchester; and the Rev. William Browne (lately ordained), Professor at the English College, Lisbon. The father and sisters of the above clergymen were at the mass and

vespers, beholding what to them must have been a subJect of surpassing interest, and of internal glory to God that they had been so blessed."

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GREAT GUNS (3rd S. iv. 392.)-Though not a direct reply to the query of J. E. H. as to whether we have any authentic records of cannon balls at all approaching the magnitude of 92 inches in circumference at a period so early as 1453, perhaps the following circumstance may not be uninteresting. Scrambling about among the ruins of the triple wall of Constantinople, one summer's afternoon a few years ago, I found among the débris which had fallen down into the ditch in front of the wall, a large stone bullet. I roughly measured its diameter by cutting a notch in my walking stick, and on reference to it I find the measurement thus indicated to be 22 inches. The place where the bullet was found was a little to the south of Top Kapoussi, "The gate of the Cannon," so called because it was on an eminence in front of it that Mahomet planted his great gun. I thought it not improbable that this might be one of the bullets fired from the huge piece of ordnance, though I could see no mark of concussion upon it, except that in one part it was not perfectly spherical. It lay among the débris of a large portion of the wall that had fallen outward and partially filled up the great ditch. It was fashioned out of a blue quartzose rock, close grained, and extremely hard and heavy. I may add, that I once saw an old gun, built on the hoop and stave principle, apparently not less than "Mons Meg," if not larger, which was being chopped up by the steam hammer in the Turkish take a note of its dimensions. Arsenal to make nails. I regret that I did not J. A.

ST. ANTHONY'S SERMON TO THE FISHES (3rd S. iv. 414.)—I have examined Addison's Italian copy of this Sermon, and also his translation of it in vol. ii. of his works in quarto. It is much longer and much more laboured than the Sermon which I translated from my Portuguese copy, and which at the time I supposed to contain the entire Sermon. Addison's would probably be too long to find insertion in the pages of "N. & Q.." though we not unfrequently meet there with pieces of wearisome length and very slender in

terest.

I attach no further importance to the Sermon

than as it conveys a remarkable reproof to unwilling hearers; but I cannot admit that it was intended as a skit upon any prevalent perversion of texts. The Sermon inculcates serious duties, which men are too apt to forget; and the Saint is represented as conveying these to the minds of perverse people, through the novel experiment of preaching to creatures. The end was attained by the conversion of those who had before been obstinate and impenetrable.

In answer to MR. GELDART's question, I can safely assure him that no Catholic Doctor, great or small, ever maintained an opinion that animals have any capacity for religion. The commencement of St. Anthony's Sermon is as I gave it. What CANON DALTON quotes from Ribadeneira is merely the summons which the Saint first gave to the fish to come and hear him; and is thus given in the Portuguese: "Vinde ouvir a palavra de Deos peixes do mar e do rio, pois a não querem ouvir os homens heregas e impieis." Immediately a great number of fishes, great and small, came forth before the Saint, and all held their heads above the water in mute attention; and then the Saint began his Sermon in the words already given. By this time CANON DALTON has probably discovered that his promised Sermon to a wolf was not delivered by St. Anthony, but by St. Francis of Assisium. F. C. H.

VIXEN (3rd S. iv. 389.) — We have vixen (not fixen) in Shakspeare, Midsummer Night's Dream, Act III. Sc. 2. (Cambridge Edition, 1. 324.)

"She was a vixen when she went to school." Vixen is the reading of the folio of 1623.

Mrs. Cowden Clarke (a good authority) gives this as the only use of the word "vixen" by Shakspeare.

In referring to presumably likely passages in Ben Jonson, in Marlowe, and in Beaumont and Fletcher, I do not find the word (either as fixen or vixen.)

Halliwell and Wright give fixen as North.
JOHN ADDIS.

QUOTATION FROM SENECA (3rd S. iv. 373.)— This passage is found in the 104th Epistle of Seneca, towards the middle (edit. Argent. 1809). The correct reading is

"Ipsi quoque hæc possunt facere sed nolunt. Denique quem unquam ista destituere tentantem? Cui non faciliora adparuere in actu? Non, quia difficilia sunt, non audemus, sed, quia non audemus, difficilia sunt."

C. T. RAMAGE.

JOSEPHINE'S ADDRESS TO NAPOLEON (3rd S. iv. 411.)—The song inquired for by M. B. was published by Chappell, about 1839, and is entitled "The Beloved One;" words by Miss Twiss, music by Mrs. Robert Arkwright H. A. S.

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The Book of Common Prayer, according to the use of the United Church of England and Ireland: together with the Psalter or Psalms of David pointed as they are to be sung or said in Churches. (Longman.)

Messrs. Longman have, we presume, produced this beautiful specimen of decorative printing as a Prayer It is printed at the Chiswick Press, and its distinctive Book suitable for a wedding present, or a Christmas gift. features are the exquisite borders, which have been taken from the works of Geofroy Tory, the French bookseller and engraver (1480-1536), whose Latin Psalter and Cosmography of Eneas Sylvius are well known, and whose own treatise on ornamental typography, entitled Champfleury, is esteemed one of the most remarkable curiosities of literature. The designs are certainly very graceful and elegant.

The Desk-Book of English Synonymes; designed to ufford Assistance in Composition, and also as a Work of Reference requisite to the Secretary, and indispensable to the Student. By John Sherer. (Groombridge & Sons.) This ample title-page so completely describes the object of the work, that we may content ourselves with stating that that object is well carried out, and the book made even more useful by an Analytical Index.

The Siege of Jerusalem by Titus. By Thos. Lewin, Esq. (Longmans.)

The sad and well-known story loses nothing of its interest in Mr. Lewin's well-written pages. The volume

is completed by an agreeable Journal of a visit to Jerusalem last year, and a careful sketch of the Topography of the Holy City. We cordially recommend it to our readers.

Selections from the recently published Correspondence between Louis Claude de St. Martin and Kirchberger Baron Translated de Lieberstorf, during the Years 1792-7. and edited by Ed. Bruton Penny. (Hamilton & Adams).

We do not feel ourselves qualified to do more than call attention to the appearance of this volume of mystical philosophy, which will, no doubt, greatly interest our theosophic readers.

De la Rue's Improved Indelible Diary and Memorandum
Book for 1864. Edited by James Glaisher, F.R.S.
With an Article on the Moon by J. R. Hind, Esq.
De la Rue's Improved Red Letter Calendar for 1864.

We have so often called attention to the combined utility and beauty of the various forms in which Messrs. De la Rue put forth their Indelible Diaries and Red Letter Calendars, that the repetition has really left us nothing fresh to say of them. The marvellous photoBeck from Mr. Warren De la Rue's original negative, is a graph of the moon, copied by Messrs. Smith, Beck, and novel and interesting feature: the value and importance of which is well illustrated by Mr. Hind's article on the subject.

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Particulars of Price, &c., of the following Books to be sent direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are given for that purpose:

SHERLOCK (WM., D.D.), PRACTICAL DISCOURSE CONCERNING A FUTURE JUDGMENT. London, 1695. 8vo.

WELWOOD (JAMES, M.D.), MEMOIRS OF TRANSACTIONS IN ENGLAND, &C, London, 1702. 8vo.

BROWN (THOMAS), COLLECTION OF DIALOGUES. London, 1704. Svo. MOORE (THOMAS), TRANSLATION OF THE ODES OF ANACREON. Philadelphia, 1804. SYO.

LYNCH (WM.), THE PRESCRIPTIVE BARONIES OF IRELAND. 1835.

Wanted by Rev. B. H. Blacker, Rokeby, Blackrock, Dublin. GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for July, September, October, November, and December, 1855.

Wanted by Mr. J. R. Smith, 36, Soho Square, London, W. MORNING AND EVENING PRAYER. 2 Vols. Arranged by Hon. Charlotte Grimshaw. 24mo edition.

Wanted by Mr. C. Tuckett, 66, Great Russell Street.

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(Established 1735.)

T. V. N. Mr. Froude's Papers on the "Letters of Du Quadra, Bishop Fund August, 1961. of Aquila," preserved at Simaneas, appeared in Fraser's Magazine for

C. J. The memoranda only refer to the late appearance of swallows. Thus in The Field of last week, a correspondent says, on Sunday the 22nd (Nov.) we saw three swallows flying in the High Street, Great Marlow.

JOHN A. C. VINCENT is referred to "N. & Q" 1st S. vii. 544; viii. 44, for articles on the meaning of Pilm or Pillum, i. e. Dust.

J. B. ROWLANDS will find on consulting the General Indices to our 1st and 2nd S. innumerable references to articles on Hour Glasses in Pulpits.

W. J. (Cambridge.) Unsightly is used as unseen in Hudibras and by Suckling. See Todd's Johnson, s. v.

F. H. For the origin of the exclamation Hurrah or Huzza, see our 1st Series, where are fourteen articles on the word. For the derivation of Snob, see also the same series, i. 250.

THEOBALD SMID. The lines "Forgive, blest shade," &c. were written by the Rev. Mr. Gill, curate of New Church, Isle of Wight. Vide "N. & Q." 1st S. ix. 241; x. 133, 152.

E. E. M. The word Secretariat occurs in the French dictionaries, and means the secretaryship, or the secretary's office.

ST. T. The author of Thinks I to Myself was the Rev. Edward Nares, D.D. Vide "N. & Q." 2nd S. ix. 230.

ERRATA. 3rd S. iv. p. 415, col. i. line 21 from bottom, for "Clonfede read "Clonfeacle;" p. 421, col. ii. line 19 from bottom, for "conciatus" read" cruciatus."

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SAUCE.-LEA AND PERRINS' WORCESTERSHIRE SAUCE.

This delicious condiment, pronounced by Connoisseurs
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LONDON, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1863.

CONTENTS. -No. 102. NOTES:-Grandees of Spain, 465-A Letter of S. T. Coleridze, 467-Philip Melanchthon and his Son-in-Law, 468 Early Surnames, Ib.-" 'King Richard III.:" "Push along keep moving," 469-Text of Walter Scott's Novels, 470.

MINOR NOTES: New Edition of Bishop Berkeley's "Works' -The Ostrich, an Emblem of Faith-The Sky at Sunset-Three of the most Popular Books in England in 1594 Ancient Humour- William Harborne-Longevity of the Raven, &c. - Tonson: Osborne - Knighting of the Sirloin-Abbot Whiting's Shoeinghorn, 472. QUERIES:-Capt. James Gifford: Admiral James Gifford, 472-Anonymous - Theodore Anspach: Laing's "Travels in South America "-The Ammergau Mystery: Shakspeare and Plato "Life of Cæsar"-" Codex Vaticanus " Danish and Norwegian Heraldry-The Daft Highland Laird: Kay's "Edinburgh Portraits" Old Damask Patterns-De la Tour d'Auvergne - Allusion to Eloisa - Epitaphs-Sir Alexander Fraser, &c., 472.

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QUERIES WITH ANSWERS: Much Panes: Banquet of Sweetmeats-Joanna Southcott Peter Manwood: Roger

his own estates, from Seville in the south, to Compostella in the north-west of the kingdom; while Alvaro de Luna, the great favourite minister of John II., could muster, in the days of his almost royal power, vassals to the number of twenty thousand! Their revenues were enormous, several possessing annual rentals amounting to fifty and sixty thousand ducats, which are equivalent to about 90,4741. sterling, the first; and the second to about 109,7157.

Their rights, privileges, and exemptions were almost innumerable. They claimed exemption from most of the usual taxes; they could not be imprisoned for debt, nor subjected to torture for criminal offences. They had the right of appealing to arms to decide their private quarrels; they claimed the privilege, whenever they considered themselves injured or affronted by their sovereign, of renouncing their allegiance to him; and several instances are recorded by Mariana of their ac

Williams- The Fault-bag- -Portio: Pensio-History of tually going over to the Moors, and fighting

Fairs Frith-silver- Parish of St. Helen's, Abingdon, Berkshire, 476.

REPLIES:-The Devil, 478-Cranmer Family, 480 - Titus Oates, St. Teresa's Autograph: her Life, &c.-" Ro

bert Robinson " and "Cousin Phillis"- Executions Berry or Bury-Derivation of "Pamphlet "- Singapore -The Brothers of Mrs. Hemans-St. Mary of Egypt: curious Painting on Glass -Choak-Jade at NewmarketSt. Mary Matfelon, 480. Notes on Books, &c.

Notes.

THE GRANDEES OF SPAIN.

Many works in Latin, French, English, and Spanish, connected with the history of Spain, give us high ideas of the power, riches, influence, pride, and arrogance of the Spanish grandees, both in ancient and modern times.

Their dignity seems to be as ancient as the monarchy itself, according to the assertion of Salazar de Mendoza in his Origen de las Dignidades Seglares de Castilla (Madrid, 1794). But it was principally in the wars against the Saracens that the higher nobility, or ricos hombres, as they were styled, rose into power and independence. Embarking with their sovereign in the same holy cause, they considered themselves entitled to divide with him the spolia opima of victory. They erected numerous strongholds (castilla) for their own use, as well as defence. They generally resided in them, surrounded by their vassals or retainers, who were scattered amidst the surrounding towns and villages, many of which were the property of the grandees. The lands belonging to the Lord of Biscay, which were confiscated by Alfonso XI., included more than eighty towns and castles (Mariana, Hist. de España, tom. i. ed. Madrid, 1780). In the time of Henry III., the Grand Constable Davalos could ride through

against their own king. In periods of popular commotions, they frequently sided with the people; while at other times, the most bloody feuds were carried on between different noble families under circumstances too of peculiar atrocity, and with a spirit of hatred and vengeance which would brook no interference on the part even of the crown itself.

These feuds, combined with the martial spirit, pride, independence, and power of the nobles were continually convulsing the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon. But their pride and self-confidence ultimately proved their ruin.

The Aragonese sovereigns especially, many of whom were men of remarkable energy and firmness, made repeated efforts to reduce the authority of the grandees within reasonable bounds. Zurita, in his Anales de Aragon, gives several instances of the successful exertions of Peter II. and James the Conqueror to curb their pride, and strip them of their exorbitant privileges. In Castile, however, the kings were not always so fortunate; because, by their own want of courage and firmness, by their vices and prodigality, or incapacity for ruling their states, they allowed the nobles and grandees to usurp the possessions of the crown, and to invade some of its most sacred privileges. The disastrous reigns of John II. and Henry IV. afford sad proofs of this statement. (See Ayala, Crónica de Castilla, ed. Madrid, 1780.)

When, however, the crowns of Castile and Aragon came to be united in the persons of Ferdinand and Isabella (1469), the grandees were not allowed to set the royal authority at defiance with impunity. Though at the commencement of their reign, frightful feuds were carried on between the noble houses of the Guzmans and the Ponces de Leon; yet, when Isabella was at length firmly

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