Affirmative Action: A Review of Psychological and Behavioral Research

AAP attitudes AAP structure AAPs targeted affirmative action attitudes affirmative action programs American Psychological Society application ascribed characteristics associated attitudes toward AAPS attitudes toward affirmative basis of sex beliefs Blacks Canadian candidate collective relative deprivation collective self-interest Crosby demographic status deprivation on behalf discussed effects of affirmative elimination of discrimination employees employment equal opportunity ethnicity fairness judgments fairness ratings female undergraduates firms French Canadian gender differences Heilman hiring Hispanics ideology Industrial and Organizational interaction justification Kluegel Kravitz measures mediated merit selection Nacoste negative nontarget group members OFCCP Organizational Psychology organizations participants perceptions Platania positive attitudes qualifications quotas race racial racism reactions to affirmative reported research on affirmative respondent's revealed reverse discrimination role sample self-efficacy self-handicapping sex-based selection procedures sexism significant significantly SIOP Social dominance theory specific AAPS strong preferential treatment studies support for affirmative survey target group members task tion Tougas weighting of demographic