Wentworth and McCulloch, the triumvirate of sedition, then agreed upon the murder of the king, but it was thought

advisable to defer the execution of the design until the arrival of the United States steamer Michigan. On June 15, 1856, the Michigan cast anchor in the harbor of St. James, and while Strang was on his way to interview the captain, Bedford and Wentworth shot and mortally wounded him. He was removed to Voree, where he died July 9, following. Bedford and Wentworth were, by the arbitrary intervention of the officers of the Michigan, taken to Mackinaw on board that steamer, where they were lionized as heroes who had rid the world of an hitherto invincible monster. If they ever received any punishment it was slight.

With the assassination of Strang, the Mormon kingdom collapsed. During the latter part of his reign, the king's power was so enervated, and his security rendered so precarious by civil strife that he entertained few hopes of the institution surviving his demise, and on his death bed advised the Mormons to emigrate. There being no ties of cognation, sympathy or common belief to bind them together, except perhaps their hatred of the fishermen, they began at once to quit the island for various places. But their enemies would not let slip so rare an opportunity of wreaking vengeance on their heads. Chartering a vessel, a large mob of desperadoes from the neighboring islands and the main land sailed for St. James. With remorseless brutality the remaining Mormons, several hundred in number, mostly women and children, were driven by force and arms aboard a propeller bound for Milwaukee, only a few hours being given them to collect their

portable property, the greater part of which was left behind. The predatory gang then proceeded to plunder the effects of the ejected colony, giving as an excuse for their spoliation that the property was to indemnify them against losses sustained at the hands of marauding Mormons. The immunity of these ter of course, in a community so prejulawless invaders from justice was a matdiced against the Mormons, whose chief offense seems to have been in their inappropriate appellation-since Mormonism is now synonymous with landed in various places, but mostly in polygamy. Milwaukee.

The miserable outcasts

This indefensible outrage calls to mind the precedent of the banishment of the French from Acadia, although the former is the less to be deprecated from the fact that it was done by an irresponsible mob under circumstances which partially palliate the deed, while the latter was performed by order of the English government. But the expulsion of this people from their lawfully obtained estates and the confiscation of their property by the fishermen is to be commiserated because most of the guilty escaped punishment while the innocent were made to suffer for their crimes.

Many of the king's subjects renounced. their religion after the calamity of their kingdom's downfall, but a few continue to inveigh against the government and the Gentiles through the Mormon press. It is said that Strang once numbered some two or three thousand subjects. He has several surviving sons, one of whom edits a paper at Charlevoix, Michigan, and has lately been appointed postmaster at that place.

The glory of St. James has departed, and on its site the eye of the traveler rests upon a long line of scattering, dilapidated houses, mostly monopolized by the fish trade.

DR. ELIJAH COLEMAN Occupied a prominent position on the Reserve in an early day, and his life deserves a fuller record than we are able to give it. It has been impossible, however, to obtain the necessary facts.

Dr. Coleman, who was born in Norton, Massachusetts, May 14, 1782, studied medicine in Castleton, Vermont, with his uncle Dr. Whiterill. After practicing medicine for a short time in Connecticut, the doctor came to Jefferson, Ashtabula county, in 1808 or 1809.

Here, in addition to his professional duties, he held the position of postmaster, justice of the peace and township clerk. Just how long he remained in Jefferson we do not know, but at the time of the burning of the Caldwell building in 1811, he lost his personal effects, together with the mail and records pertaining to the official positions which he occupied.

The account of the burning of this building, which was then quite an ornament to Jefferson, is that one of the associate judges, Solomon Griswold, was very solicitous for something to quench his thirst and importuned Dr. Coleman to help him, since the doctor possessed the only supply of liquor in town. was in the form of a barrel of high-wines in the cellar of his office. The doctor protested that to draw this at night was

This

dangerous, but, being over persuadea, descended to the cellar bearing a pitcher, while Mr. Griswold carried the candle, which was to be kept at a safe distance. Becoming too much interested in the operation, and drawing too near the barrel with the light, the high wines ignited and quickly the whole building was in flames.

The country over which the doctor rode, while living in Jefferson and later in Ashtabula, was very muddy, rendering his practice especially difficult in wet seasons. As late as 1852, the regular stage coach had to be abandoned between Ashtabula and Jefferson and a light wagon, drawn by four horses, used in its place. His ride was extensive and included the eastern portion of Ashtabula county and the western townships of Erie and Crawford counties, in Pennsylvania.

In the war of 1812, Dr. Coleman was a surgeon, and his courage is shown by the following incident related by Rev. H. B. Eldred in the ' History of the Mahoning Valley :'

Early in 1813, the mails entirely failing between

Fort Stevenson and Fort Meigs, Colonel Steven

son, then in command, called for volunteers to

carry the mail through the Black Swamp to Fort Meigs. Titus Hayes of Wayne, brother of Colonel Hayes, Dr. Coleman of Ashtabula and Captain Burnham of Kinsman offered their

services. Horses were provided with the necessary equipments, and they started with the mail on their perilous journey. The first night they encamped on the bank of the Portage river. After making their camp and resting for the night they were aroused early in the morning by the distant firing of guns, hearing the booming of cannon more and more distinctly as they drew near the fort. Finding a suitable place, they encamped for the second night, though the firing of guns and occasional whoop of an Indian rendered their location anything but pleasant.

In the morning, after a night passed with little sleep, Hayes was detached to go forward, reconnoiter and return within an hour. The hour had nearly expired and the firing constantly grown louder, when suddenly the silence near them was broken by the crack of a rifle and Coleman's hat was shot from his head. Coleman turning saw the Indian who had marked him for his victim dodge behind a tree. He drew up his gun to fire, but the Indian was out of sight, and in the haste and excitement of the moment Coleman dropped his gun to the ground, where the water was so deep as to wet the priming. Thus deprived of the means of defense, Burnham having only a pistol, it was thought best to retreat. The mail was abandoned, save a report which showed the situation at Fort Stevenson (this being considered rather critical). Coleman had on high topped boots which soon filled with water, so that at every step he took, the water spurted up his back. until he could endure it no longer, and regardless of remonstrance he pulled them off and threw them away. The next night was spent on the west branch of Carrion river. Here, well nigh overcome with fatigue, they lay down upon the dry sloping bank of the stream, and slept all night soundly. When they awoke in the morning they found the river so swollen as to encroach upon their lodgings.

Starting at daybreak, they attempted to cross Carrion river. Coleman could swim but Burnham could not. Coleman had reached the center of the stream on a floating log, when this, turning, threw him into the water, and it was only after considerable difficulty, he reached the bank which he had left, much chilled and discouraged. Further down the stream they found a more favorable crossing, which they passed in safety. At this time Dr. Coleman, becoming much exhausted, fainted and fell. After resting for a time they followed a road which had been cut by General Harrison early in the war. They had not proceeded far when the crack of a rifle and the whistling of bullets near them demonstrated that

they were in dangerous proximity to the enemy. Thus they at once abandoned the road and took to the woods. That night they slept near the east branch of the Carrion river. This they crossed on a raft, which was made by cutting a tree in two pieces, and joining them to cross-pieces attached by withes. The poles which they had cut to guide this raft proved to be too short to reach the bottom of the stream, and the raft sank till they were submerged to their waists. But clinging fast to the raft they were at length brought under the limbs of a beech, wl..ch they seized and thus reached the opposite shore. Leaving the raft they crossed a deep slough, which took them nearly to their necks in water, and at length reached dry land. Following an Indian trail, notwithstanding the alarming indications of recent moccasins and dog tracks, they reached a place called Negro Town, where they spent the night, and the next day found their way into Fort Stevenson, having been four days without anything to eat and under extreme fatigue and excitement. Chocolate was immediately prepared for them, which they drank, and were soon ready for more substantial nourishment. Hayes, after leaving Burnham and Coleman on his reconnoitering expedition, had found it impossible to return to them, and starting out alone to Fort Stevenson had reached there in two days, reporting that the other two had probably been massacred by the Indians.

Dr. Coleman was especially noted for his humor and as a good story teller. One of his stories, which has been long remembered, was of the first wedding which took place in Ashtabula. It was at a time when there was neither clergyman nor civil officer empowered to perform the ceremony. Accordingly a trader named Smith, who though shrewd was uneducated, obtained a commission as justice of the peace from the territorial governor at Chillicothe. Smith, who could read only with the greatest difficulty, had learned the marriage ceremony and had this in a law book before him, but becoming frustrated in the presence of the assembled guests he could neither remember nor read the

virtue of the authority vested in me by the governor of the Northwest Territory" -here he stumbled and finally stopped, and throwing the law book across the log cabin, cried out, "Go to the devil! I now pronounce you man and wife, w'som man hath joined together let not God put asunder."

A good story is told of the doctor that once when stopping at a poor country hotel, on settling his bill he was charged for whisky. At this he remonstrated, saying he had had no whisky. The reply was he might have had it as the whisky was on the table. Returning by the same route he placed his saddle-bags containing medicine in a chair beside him, and, on settling his bill charged for medicine. When it was objected to by the proprietor that he had had no medicine, Dr. Coleman said, "That makes no difference, you might have had it, it was on the table."

In 1811 he married Phebe Spencer, a woman who is said to have possessed more than usual ability.

The doctor's medical opinions were highly esteemed by his professional brethren, and he held a prominent position among the men of his day.

Shortly after the death of Dr. Manning, January 11, 1869, there appeared in the Register of Youngstown, the following:

Dr. Manning, although not the longest resident of Youngstown, was the oldest of the early pioneers of the township or this part of the Western Reserve, and for more than half a century has been identified with our growth, improvement and the development of our material interests.

mother from Governor Bradford. He commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Hutchinson, in Lebanon, at about the age of twenty, pursuing his studies afterward at Cherry Valley, New York, where he taught school and came to Ohio on horseback in 1811, arriving in Youngstown on July 13.

He stopped at the tavern kept by Colonel William Rayen, remaining with him three weeks and after

ward boarded with the late Henry Wick.

After Hull's surrender in 1812 he went to the frontier as surgeon to the First regiment, Third

brigade, Fourth division of Ohio militia, commanded by Colonel Rayen. He spent some time at Huron, where much sickness was prevailing among the troops. He afterward went to the camp at Lower *

Sandusky, now Fremont, and remained there until his return to Youngstown in March, 1813. During his service in camp, by his untiring devotion to his professional duties among the sick soldiers, his atdisplayed, he acquired their confidence and affectention to their wants and the skill and ability he

tion, and a large number of them were from the vicinity of Youngstown. On his return he immediately entered upon a large practice which employed

his whole time. He continued his active practice both in this and neighboring townships, until advanced years, and engagements in other business induced him to contract his ride and eventually to discontinue his visiting practice, but still until very recently was always ready by his counsel and personal services, when in his power, to assist the sick and afflicted.

He was married in 1814 to Miss Lucretia Kirtland, daughter of Jared Kirtland of Poland. She died in 1819, leaving one daughter, the wife of Wil

liam J. Edwards of Youngstown. He was married a second time, in 1821, to the daughter of Asa Bingham of Ellsworth. Five children were born to this union. His third marriage was to Mrs. Carolina M. Ruggles of Canfield, in 1848.

In the fall of 1816, in company with the late Colonel Caleb B. Wick, he established a drug store and continued in this business for some time. It was probably the first drug store opened in this part of the country, although it was usual for country stores at that time to keep a few drugs. Dr. Manning used to tell the following incident in his own experience: The first fall after I came, when I had been here some six weeks, Bryson, who kept a store, had a piece of ribbed cotton velvet, good cloth to

would come to about five dollars. I asked him to trust me two or three months. He said: 'We have to pay cash for our goods, and if we sell them had rather have our pay,' and deliberately put the goods back on his shelf. It was the first time I had been refused trust for a small amount and I was angry for a few minutes, but then came to the conclusion not to buy anything until I could pay for it. I wore the old pants until I had earned money to buy new ones, and have acted on the same principle since. I now think Bryson's refusing to trust me was about the best thing that ever happened to me, and the best lesson I ever had," Dr. Manning was repeatedly honored by his fellow citizens by being called to serve in public offices. He has acted repeatedly as township trustee. In 1819 he was elected repre• sentative to the state legislature from Trumbull county. In 1824 he was elected state senator and served one term. In 1835 he was elected by the legislature associate judge of the common pleas, and served seven years, and in 1843 he was again elected state representative. On the organization of the Mahoning County bank he became a large stockholder and was elected a director, and on the death of Colonel Rayen he became president. When the bank became the First National bank, he retained the presidency and continued in this position until the infirmities of age induced him to decline a further reëlection, but he continued a director until his death.

For the following sketch relating chiefly to the professional career of Dr. Manning, we are indebted to Dr. John McCurdy :

I have known the late Dr. Henry Manning since 1843. When I first knew him he was what might be called in active practice, although, being a large land owner, he was occupied a good portion of his time looking after his property. He had by long years of study and practice, an excellent reputation as a safe, prudent and valuable counselor, and most of the physicians in this vicinity were in the habit of seeking his opinion in unusually obscure and

severe cases.

When I was a young practitioner many were the times his opinion and advice brought confidence and comfort to me. He was the friend and encourager of young physicians, and used at times much self-denial and willingness in visiting with them their cases, and giving them freely the result of his careful examination and extensive experience. Like

most men of strong minds and characters, he would not allow what he considered trifles to turn him from his prescribed course. If he made an appointment, rain or storm would not deter him. For many years his health was uncertain, being subject to severe attacks of bronchitis, general debility, with more or less irritability of eyes, which finally resulted in cataract and total blindness, yet if he made a promise it was fulfilled. He was very reticent about his own physical infirmities, and would not allow sympathizing friends to express condolence, or in any way commiserate his condition.

While the doctor was thoughtful, cautious and painstaking in making his diagnosis, when it was made he was bold and ready to administer drugs in ample and repeated doses. Although most of the pioneer physicians were men of skill and successful practioners, I think not many possessed the skill and confidence he did. For instance, long before the days of cataract extraction, he operated successfully on a young woman totally blind, by couching both lenses. He also performed other dangerous operations. It must be remembered that these operations were performed in a little western hamlet, when American surgery was an infant, and with but the rudest improvised appliances. He was honest, independent and straightforward with his patients, and these qualities sometimes brought maledictions upon his head.

Dr. Manning was a large landholder-much of

the north and west parts of this city is now built on

land sold by him. He was the first one who encouraged the prudent working people to secure homes for themselves by selling to them very cheap and on long time. If misfortune, trouble or death entered these families, he would prolong the time of payment, throw off the interest, or take back land and give them another piece, or a smaller piece, in fact do almost anything they wished him to do, when they showed any desire to secure a home. I never heard of a single instance where he had a piece of land closed out by the sheriff.

During my entire acquaintance with him he was an elder in the Presbyterian church. He ever carried with him his religious convictions into business transactions, and there are hundreds living in the city to-day in comfortable circumstances who date their prosperity to him, and "who rise up and call him blessed."

It is safe to say that no pioneer on the Reserve was more highly respected both