moved to Cleveland, where his brother had settled two years before. Soon after coming here he made several trips on the lakes in the new steamer Sebastapol-a vessel designed for carrying both freight and passengers-in which his brother was part owner; and strange to say, after having "sailed the ocean blue" for so many years, it was reserved for him to suffer shipwreck for the first time on this boat. On her fourth trip up the lakes, when she had on board one hundred and thirty-five souls and a large load of freight, including forty-five valuable horses, the captain mistaking a light on another vessel for the harbor light, she went aground five miles south of Milwaukee. She struck just before midnight, and was completely wrecked; but the passengers and crew, after suffering many hours in a fearful storm, were at last all saved by the heroic efforts of the life-saving crew from Milwaukee, with the exception of six who were lost by the capsizing of a small boat.

Mr. Chisholm, however, was not deterred from lake enterprise by this accident, as he immediately went to work and raised the Sebastapol's machinery from the wreck, and brought it to Cleveland, where it was again set afloat in two other vessels.

But believing about this time that he saw a better chance for advancement in business in a neighboring state, he removed to Pittsburgh, where he made his residence until the year 1857, when he returned to Cleveland for the purpose of assisting his brother, Henry, in the construction of the iron industry at

Newburgh, now known as the Cleveland rolling mills, but at that time simply called Cleveland or Newburgh iron works, and operated under the firm name of Chisholm & Jones. He assisted in the management during the early struggles of the enterprise, and, although he afterward withdrew from active participation, he still retains a considerable interest in the corporation.

About the year 1860 he embarked in the iron business on his own account, and has since been engaged in various branches of it up to the present time. His first manufacturing was in the line of spikes, bolts, horse shoes, etc., and even while busily employed in this his active brain seemed reaching out for more to do, and he began investigating the manufacture of screws, which had heretofore been made altogether of iron. While thus engaged, the original idea came to him of making them from Bessemer steel. As soon as he had demonstrated to his own satisfaction the practicability of this by experiments which were made for him in an eastern manufactory, he proceeded to organize the company known as the Union Steel Screw company, the result of which was the building, in 1871, of the Union Steel Screw works, now one of the best known and most successful factories in Cleveland. Afterward he extended his sphere of action and added a new enterprise to the city, namely, the manufacture of steel shovels, scoops, spades, etc., on a comparatively new plan, the adapting and perfecting of which required the exercise of all his genius and ability, "for," to use his own expression, "he

had not only to invent the machinery and appliances, but to 'make' the operators also, as no men could be found who understood this particular kind of work." But success crowned his efforts, and, in 1879, he erected a building for the manufacture of these tools and implements, which, with its improved machinery, is one of the most complete of its kind known. It is called the Chisholm Steel Shovel works, and is operated under the firm name of William Chisholm & Sons.

In 1882 he commenced building steam engines, which are quite novel in their simplicity and easy action, and are specially adapted for all kinds of hoisting and pumping. Also transmitters of a superior kind for carrying coal, ore, etc., from vessels to railroad cars and vice versa, and to any required height or distance. This is a remarkable contrivance for saving time and labor. Mr. Chisholm himself possesses great ingenuity and mechanical skill, and has proved it in many an invention and operation. His life has been a busy one, and space can hardly be taken for enumeration of the things-besides the enterprises mentioned above-to which he set his hand during a number of his busy years, such as extensive operations in coal and ore mines, building portions of railroad lines, railroad and other bridges, docks, buildings, etc. Among other things of local interest in which he had a creative part may be mentioned the East Cleveland Street railroad, which he constructed from Water street to Willson avenue. His successes in these diverse fields of labor, in each of

which rare qualities of mind are demanded, show him to be a remarkable

man.

In these later years he has found time for recreation and travel. In 1876 and 1877 he made an extended European tour, visiting while abroad his old Scottish home, which he had left thirty-seven years before. Mr. Chisholm is a man of sterling uprightness of character, clean-handed, and respected by all with whom he has dealings. Socially, he is warm-hearted, genial and hospitable. His mind is well stored with incidents of travel and adventure, and like most sailors he can "spin a good yarn," as many can attest who have listened with interest to his stories, and enjoyed a hearty laugh at the witty conclusion of some of them. He is a member of the Baptist church, and as such he has been most liberal with his means toward the church. Also a generous centributor to many of our public and private charities. Well esteemed by all, he has filled and is filling an unusual measure of good in this community.

He was married, in 1848, to Miss Catharine Allan of Dunfermline, Scotland, and seven children have blessed their union, of whom four are living. Mrs. Chisholm was herself called home, in 1881, leaving a memory loved and honored by her husband and children, by her church, and by all who knew her Christian grace of character.

In 1884 Mr. Chisholm was again married to Mrs. Mary C. Stahl, the lady who now graces his home. She was formerly Miss Mary Cowles, daughter of Charles Cowles, and granddaughter